Characteristic of Shelter for Child Pedestrian

Febriane Paulina Makalew, Sherley Runtunuwu, Estrellita Varina Yanti Waney

and Steve Wilben Macquarie Supit

Manado State Polytechnic, Department of Civil Engineering, Manado, Indonesia

stevewmsupit@gmail.com

Keywords: Child Pedestrian, Shelter, Pathway, Public Facility, Urban Area.

Abstract: Child pedestrians require an adequate and safe facility to protect during their journey. As there is no standard

available yet for child pedestrian facilities, research on its facility is urgent. The shelter is functioning as a

temporary place to protect the user from bad weather impacts and as a transit area in using public transport.

This research aim is to evaluate the characteristic of child pedestrian shelters as public facilities in the

pedestrian pathway in urban areas. The method used is survey and literature study. The survey is done on a

selected place in which potential for people to use and the proposed design is tested using the drawing program

AutoCAD in the computer laboratory. Results show that there is no particular shelter for child pedestrians

yet. The type of shelter to be developed is based on the consideration of child pedestrian movement pattern,

child behavior, and available shelter such as transit commuter shelter and concept of shelter function. There

is a need for further research of child pedestrian facility which is lead to guideline providing to accomplished

pedestrian standard.

1 INTRODUCTION

Child pedestrian shelter prototype is one of the street

infrastructure facilities for pedestrians and

commuters who travel with different transport modes.

In an urban area, a pedestrian facility is an important

infrastructure to protect users to be safe and

comfortable n their activity. For child pedestrians,

activity in walking including playing and running.

The child movement needs to be accommodated in

child activity including a place for a temporary stop

during bad weather conditions and short rest. The

shelter is one of facility need for pedestrians, usually

for transit to public transport such as a bus. The

shelter is also used as a transit area for pedestrians and

visitors to the public area. For child pedestrians, a

shelter needs to have adequate quality and

functioning as a safe place for children to transit and

play with or without playing objects as their major

need based on their behavior. Shelter for child

pedestrians can fulfill child needs as well as learning

facility with interesting design, rich of color pattern

and local texture. Facility for shelter support safety

and comfortable facility for the child who has high

risk of accident in the public area. To help create a

child-friendly pedestrian shelter It needs to support

with suitable material in which is safe, comfort and

eye-catching. Therefore, the use of the material

should be rich in texture and has a strong character.

The use of local materials such as coconut timber and

recycle plastic waste can contribute to create a type of

shelter with local character and accommodate child

activity.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Research related to child pedestrian facilities is

mostly related to the pathway and child pedestrian

behavior. Concerning child pedestrians, standard use

including criteria for housing pedestrian areas is

comfortable and accessible. Criteria for accessibility

is considering ideal distance for walking to public

facilities (BSN, 2004). The principle of a circulation

system for pedestrians is connection, safety,

comfortable and clearness (ibid). Dimension for

pedestrian walking area is based on the standard

including minimum standard of projection user need,

network shape for neighborhood center and its

surrounding area, characteristic of the local area,

safety and comfort space for pedestrian from the

impact of local and regional weather prediction (ibid).

Makalew, F., Runtunuwu, S., Waney, E. and Supit, S.

Characteristic of Shelter for Child Pedestrian.

DOI: 10.5220/0010956600003260

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science (iCAST-ES 2021), pages 913-921

ISBN: 978-989-758-615-6; ISSN: 2975-8246

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

913

In finishing pedestrian pathway, criteria include the

placement of pathway on the streetside with a

material different than the street material such as

using paving block, bollard, safety surface material

and suitable wide of the pathway for pedestrian.

Student journey as the pedestrian is influenced by

environmental and social factors (Zacharias et al,

2017). Pedestrian behavior influences the route

choice and space use such as taking the risk in hurry

(Charron et al, 2015). Pedestrian behavior is influence

by facility available (Sisiopiku et al, 2003). Standard

related to pathway wide and land use (APA, 2007),

wide, access and facility of the pedestrian pathway

(BSN 2004, BSN 1991, Ditjen Bina Marga 1999 and

Kementerian PU 2014).

Research on materials for small-scale buildings is

including environmentally friendly materials and

local materials. Research related to plastic waste such

as recycle used plastic water bottles, plastic bags, and

bottle lids in making paving blocks (Burhanuddin et

al, 2018). The paving block is used for the garden

park area. Research on material with plastic waste for

part of building construction such as filling element,

structural element, and additional element (Winnerdy

et al, 2020). The use of coconut timber as a material

improves the quality of surface texture to be lighter

with a clear pattern using finishing material such as

polyurethane, melamine-formaldehyde, and ultra-

vernix (Purwanto, 2011).

The shelter is functioning as a protected place to

avoid the impact of bad weather conditions. A shelter

as an evacuation facility that is used during a tsunami

needs to be resistant to an earthquake, tsunami and

can accommodate a large number of people

(Yuhanah, 2014). A shelter for a commuter is a place

for transit and a waiting area. The use of shelter as

public transport facility is related to distance,

accessibility, waiting time, placement, facility, land

use, pedestrian facility, and easy accessibility to

public transport (Sitohang et al, 2019). In the public

areas of bus shelters, it needs to fulfill the facility for

pedestrian and pedestrian bridges (Sitohang et al,

2019). The facility in the shelter including size based

on standard, identity, route board, light, chair, rubbish

bin, bollard, and advertisement board (Sitohang et al,

2019). The shelter setting place and design improve

the service to public transport commuters in which it

is still functioning and some need to be replaced

(Rusmandani et al, 2020). Requirement for transit

commuter place including the identity of shelter,

traffic sign, information board, light, and chair

(DPDJPD, 1996). Pedestrians use the shelter as a

temporary place to protect themselves from the

impact of weather conditions or to transit to public

transport or continue to walk. For child pedestrians,

shelter functions as a temporary place during walking

journeys including playing. There is no available

standard shelter for child pedestrians therefore there

is a need to do research on shelter for child

pedestrians.

Previous research on a pedestrian is related to the

use of the material including material fly ash

(Makalew et al, 2020) and development in using

plastic in design paving blocks for material in

pathway surface (Makalew et al, 2020 and Supit et al,

2019.) The design small scale building is using

coconut timber is explored to find possibility patterns

(Makalew et al, 2015)

Space need and child pedestrian patterns show

different characteristics in the urban and rural areas

(Makalew et al, 2017., 2018). A potential area for

pedestrian with a large number of pedestrians is

school area (Makalew et al, 2018) in which front

school area need a facility for school entrance and

consider child pedestrian pattern. The area needs

child pedestrians including a pathway and playing

area (Makalew et al, 2020) as can be seen in Figure 1

Figure 1: Facility for child pedestrian pathway and playing

pocket area (Makalew et al, 2018).

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Define the characteristic of shelter is drawn based on

survey and literature study. A survey on shelter is

important in finding the type, function, and material

use as well as evaluation on how the public uses them.

The research method used is survey and literature

study. The survey is done on a selected place in which

potential for people to use shelters such as bus stops,

intersections, and public facilities. The object of the

survey is recorded with photos and video in terms of

material use, function, and maintenance. The

proposed design is tested using the drawing program

AutoCAD in the computer laboratory. The shelter

design is based on research in the different field yet

focus on shelter as a transit place for commuter and

visitor. The method used for design a shelter is varied

iCAST-ES 2021 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science

914

to create a comfortable and safe area. The result of the

characteristic design of the shelter based on a

literature review can be seen in Table 1.

Table 1: Design of Shelter.

Type of

shelte

Design Method use

Bus

Shelter

• The size of the shelter

is 7x3x4 m3

• Lighting at least 3

pieces

• Colour use is red and

blue

• Stair’s size 12 cm

height and 30 cm wide

• Frame material made

of concrete

• Chair material made of

stainless

• Information boar

Quality

Function

Deployment

(QFD)

(Hasibuan et

al 2020)

Bus

Shelter

• Suitable of

dimension. Scale and

space

• View, lighting, and

open up to potential

crime place

• Connectivity within

facilities

Rhyme

concept for

anti-

vandalism

and crime

problem

(Marta et al

2013)

Bus

Shelter

• Ramp design should

not be high yet

comfortable for

disability

• Size fits all users

including wheelchair

• Suitable Distance

between shelter and

cars

• Adequate seat area

available

•

Ergonomic

(Toghas

2015)

Bus

Shelter on

campus

• Seat area, ramp, wall,

canopy, floor, color,

setting, information

board, light, rubbish

bin

• Space available 11 m2

• Consider the design of

the main building

Iconic and

local

wisdom

concept

(Apdeni

2019)

Type of

shelte

Design Method use

Public

service

area

shelter

• User is age 2 to 60,

student and worker

• Size 10m x 4m x 3m

• Facility for disable

• Colour creates a fresh

and comfortable area

Comfortable,

discipline,

and

independent

(Kurniawan

et al 2011)

• Material environment

friendly such as metal,

aluminum, plastic

polythene, LED light,

and low E glass

• Solar panel for energy

and technology for

information

Evacuation

shelter

The public facility as a

shelter for tsunami Can

be used for public

activity including a

multi-function

entertainment area and

raying area.

Mitigation

(Alifah et al

2020)

Evacuation

shelter

Structure, evacuation

floor, public service,

capacity 1 m2/ person,

location, and

accessibilit

Mitigation

(Yuhanah

2014)

Evacuation

shelter

• Location in potential

area

• Use of public facilities

such as mosques,

schools, public health

centers, government

buildings, and

sho

centers.

Mitigation

(Husa et al

2019)

The function of shelter and its material use is

varied when the shelter is constructed in a public area.

based on the survey, shelter in which is a function for

transit areas of public transport commuters has

changed gradually considering users in the area and

aspect of maintenance. Function and material use

including evaluation of available shelter can be seen

in table 2.

Table 2: Function and material of Shelter.

Picture Function Material Use

Location: Manado

Town Square,

Manado (2021)

Bus and

microbus

Shelter

Available use

for pedestrian

transit and

commuter for

online

transport

Structure:

Steel

Seat area:

Concrete

The floor is

ceramic with

texture and

color. In good

condition

Picture Function Material Use

Characteristic of Shelter for Child Pedestrian

915

Location:

Boulevard, Manado

(2021)

Bus and

microbus

Shelter

Available use

for pedestrian

transit and

visitor for

short rest

Structure:

Steel

Seat area:

Concrete

Floor concrete

maintenance:

Column and

frame is rust.

Floor is

damage

Location: Mega

Mall, Manado

(2021)

Bus and

microbus

Shelter

Existing use

for street

vendor and

visitor

Structure:

Steel

Wall: brick

Floor:

concrete

maintenance:

ceiling, wall,

and floor are

damage

Location: Mega

Mall, Manado

(2021)

Bus and

microbus

Shelter

Abandon area

Structure:

Pipe Steel

Seat: concrete

Floor: Paving

block

maintenance:

no ceiling and

structure is the

rust

Location: Denpasar,

Bali (2021)

Shelter for

online

transport

commuter

Available use

for pedestrian

transit and

commuter for

online

transport

Structure and

Seat area:

Metal with

eye-catching

color

Location: Denpasar,

Bali (2021)

Shelter for

commuter and

visitor

Structure:

Concrete

Traditional

design

Information

board

Picture Function Material Use

Location :

Megamall, Manado

(2021)

Shelter for

commuter and

visitor

Structure and

Seat area:

Metal with

eye-catching

color

Location: Tikala

Manado (2021)

Seating area

for pedestrian

and visitor

Chair: Metal

Location: A.A.

Maramis, Manado

(2021)

Shelter for

commuter

Structure and

Seat area:

Metal with

eye-catching

color

Location: A.A.

Maramis Street,

Manado (2021)

Shelter for

commuter

Bus Damri

Manado

Abandon area

Ceiling and

wall damage

Structure:

Metal

Location:

Samratulangi

Street, Manado

(2021)

Area for

visitor and

pedestrian

Open

structure

without a roof

Highly use by

pedestrian and

visitor

Structure:

Metal

Chair:

Concrete

Location: Multi

mart, Wolter

Monginsidi Street,

Manado (2021)

Shelter for

commuter

Bus Damri

Manado

Abandon area

Ceiling and

wall damage

Structure:

Metal

Wall: glass

Chair: Metal

Picture Function Material Use

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Location, Bantik

Park, Malalayang

Manado (2021)

Shelter for

commuter

reconstructed

from shelter

for Bus Damri

to public

transport

including

online

commuter

Structure and

Seat area:

Metal with

eye-catching

color

Wall: panel

Location: Ahmad

Yani street, Manado

(2021)

Shelter for

commuter

public

transport

Structure and

Seat area:

Metal with

eye-catching

color

Wall: panel

with the

information

board

Location: Macau

(2019)

Shelter for

commuter bus

Structure:

Wood with

eye-catching

color

Location: Cannes,

France (2019)

Area for

visitor and

pedestrian

Open

structure

without a roof

Highly use by

pedestrian and

visitor

Structure:

wood

Location: Cannes,

France (2019)

Shelter for

commuter bus

Well

maintenance

Structure:

Metal

Location:

Amsterdam,

Holland (2019)

Shelter for

commuter bus

Well

maintenance

Structure:

Metal

Picture Function Material Use

Location: Tourism

Water Village,

Giethoorn,

Amsterdam (2019)

Shelter for

commuter bus

Well

maintenance

Structure:

Metal

Location:

Amsterdam,

Holland (2019)

Shelter for

commuter bus

Well

maintenance

Structure:

Metal

Location:

Geitthoorn, Holland

(2019)

Shelter for

commuter bus

Well

maintenance

Structure:

Metal

Location: Perth,

Australia

Shelter for

commuter bus

Well

maintenance

Structure:

Metal

Location:

Freemantle,

Australia (2017)

Shelter for

commuter bus

Well

maintenance

Structure:

Metal

Location: UWA

Perth, Australia

(2017)

Shelter for

commuter bus

Well

maintenance

Structure:

Metal

Wall: glass

Information

board

Picture Function Material Use

Characteristic of Shelter for Child Pedestrian

917

Location: Perth,

Australia (2017)

Shelter for

commuter bus

Well

maintenance

Structure:

Metal

Wall: glass

Information

board

Location: Perth,

Australia (2017)

Shelter for

visitor

Well

maintenance

Eye-catching

design

Structure:

Metal, wood

Location: Perth,

Australia (2017)

Shelter for the

visitor with

child

Well

maintenance

Eye-catching

design

Structure:

wood

Location: Perth,

Australia (2017)

Shelter for

train

commuter

Well

maintenance

Structure:

Metal

From surveys on shelter in many places, it is found

that there are many types based on design and

function for shelter. The main part of a shelter is

structure, seating area, material use, open plan, or

boundary with wall and information board. Based on

the types of shelter which have been used, the

example of design front and side elevation can be

seen in Table 3.

Table 3: Design and Construction of Shelter.

Front And Side Elevation Design And

Construction

Shelter for bus commuter

Glass wall two parts

Seating area with

metal material

Flat roof, Metal

structure

Transparent walls

can be developed

for child shelters

with a different

color.

Front And Side Elevation Design And

Construction

Shelter for bus commuter

Brick half wall one

part. Seating area

from the concrete

Continuous

structure from Roof

to column, Metal

structure with a

frame.

For child shelter,

Seating areas can be

developed into areas

for playing while

seating.

Continuous design

is attractive as a

child shelter.

Shelter for parents and kids

Open floor plan, no

wall

Seating area from

wood, Structure

from timber

Seating areas with

timber can be

developed for

children playing

boxes in child

shelters.

Redesign shelter for bus Damri

to Shelter for online and public

commuter

Multiplex Wall

combine half and

full part

Wall for the

information board

Seating area from

the metal. Structure

from metal.

Design and color

are attractive for

child shelters. The

information board is

for children

information of

knowledge with

pictures.

Shelter for online and public

commuter

Glass wall three

parts. Wall for the

information board

Seating area with

metal material

Flat roof, Metal

structure

Function and

facility are suitable

o be developed for

child shelter.

iCAST-ES 2021 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science

918

Front And Side Elevation Design And

Construction

Shelter for public commuter

Brick half wall one

part

Seating area from

the concrete

Flat Roof

Metal structure with

a frame

Shelter for public commuter

Metal wall one part

Wall for the

information board

Continuous

structure from Roof

to column

Metal structure

Based on the design listed from the data of the

survey, the shelter's main design is for a temporary

place with adequate space, seating area for rest, an

information board for commuters, and different

materials and colors used for its construction. Shelter

for the bus can be redesign for child pedestrians based

on the design principle and function of the object. The

material and color are suitable for child pedestrians

with attractive designs. Children's preference for an

attractive place is based on their activity and

interaction with the object. Shelter with information

board can be developed to information for children

including knowledge and game through pictures and

words. Seating areas may be used by children

pedestrians for rest yet mostly can be developed into

an area for playing while seating.

Child pedestrians require shelter that can support

their activity including walking, resting, playing, and

running. Based on child behavior, standards

available, literature review, and survey on shelter

from many places, the characteristic of child

pedestrian shelter is evaluated. Evaluation on shelter

for child pedestrian is based on child behavior and the

pedestrian facility can be seen in Table 4.

Table 4: Characteristic of Child Pedestrian Shelter.

Characteristic Desi

n and material

Available playing area Playing objects

Pla

ace

Strong construction and

structure

Local material with

strong joints and finishing

The protected area from

ad weathe

Adequate roof and wall

with resistant material

The protected area from

a traffic crash

Adequate space

considering child space

need and movement

Available seating area Chair available with safe

finishin

Characteristic Desi

n and material

Available information

board

Information board for the

child considering

knowledge development

and safet

rule

Eye-catching design and

colo

Colorful, rich in texture,

design for chil

Well maintenance Material and design easily

maintenance

The design for child pedestrian-friendly shelter is

the potential to be developed. Considering the

existing condition of the pathway on the study area,

characteristics of the pedestrian pathway, and the

concept of the construction system, it is possible to

create a prototype for the child pedestrian shelter.

Major parts of shelter are structure, floor plan with

easy access, material and board for public and

learning information, area for playing with the object.

Alternative concept design for child pedestrian

shelter can be seen in Figure 2 and Figure 3.

Figure 2: Alternative floor plan concept for child pedestrian

shelter.

Figure 3: Alternative elevation concept for child pedestrian

shelter.

Characteristic of Shelter for Child Pedestrian

919

4 CONCLUSIONS

The characteristic of child pedestrian shelters

influence by the function, type, and material use. For

child pedestrians, the main consideration is their

activity should accommodate in the shelter provided.

As there is no standard yet for child pedestrian

shelter, therefore is a need to do further research to

provide an adequate guide in design it and support

child pedestrian needs.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This research is funded by the Center for Research

and Community Service Unit Manado State

Polytechnic under the scheme of Applied Research

2021

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