Study of the Potential and Utilization of Springs for Clean Water

Supply to Supporting Tourism Development in the

North Badung Regency

I Gusti Lanang Made Parwita, I Made Tapayasa, Made Mudhina, Ketut Wiwin Andayani,

I Nyoman Sedana Triadi and I Nyoman Anom P. W.

Department of Civil Engineering, Politechnic State of Bali, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia

Keywords

Springs, Badung Regency, Potential, Utilization, Tourism.

Abstract

Badung Regency is the main tourist destination in Bali with the distribution of tourist areas mostly in the

southern area. Although most of them are located in the southern part, the northern area of Badung remains a

concern for the Regional Government to be developed through several programs including the tourism village

program based on community tourism development. To support this program, one of the supporting capacities

that must be provided is the availability of sufficient water in terms of quantity, quality and continuity. From

the preliminary research that has been carried out, it shows that the northern part of Badung has the potential

for large springs that are spread almost throughout the region. Some of these springs have been used by the

community as a source of clean water for daily needs, some have been used by as a source of raw water but

some have not been utilized. With the significant impact caused by the tourism sector and to avoid excessive

groundwater use by Badung Regency water company, it is very important to conduct a study on the

availability of water from springs in the study area. Bali has 1287 springs spread throughout the province,

35% of which are in Badung Regency with significant potential. The potential of springs in this area is

supported by water storage in Lake Batur which is right above Badung Regency in the North. The research

method is carried out by studying literature and observing and measuring directly in the field. Activities are

carried out by hearings with related institutions, communities and rural water user groups.The output of this

research is in the form of a study on the potential of springs and their utilization as well as policies in the

development of clean water supply in Badung Regency which are sourced from springs.

INTRODUCTION

The development of human life causes an

increase

in interest water resources seen from various

angles

such as social, economic culture, security and

other

needs (Romadhan, 2020) (Gupta and Kulkarni,

2018). The very important role of water as a source

of life has made water have a high bargaining power

at the economic level. This condition has an impact

on conservation and protection of water sources but

also has an impact on overexploitation which can

reduce water quality (León and Domínguez-, 2021),

(Rasul, 2016) .

Badung Regency is the main tourist destination

in Bali Province with the number of incoming tourists

in 2019 amounting to 821,234 tourists both local and

foreign (Patera et al., 2015).

Most tourist

destinations are still targeting the southern area such

as Kuta, Benoa, Nusa Dua, Garuda

Wisnu Kencana

Cultural Park and others. However,

the data also

shows that Badung Regency as an

agricultural area

has begun to be glimpsed by tourists

as an

agricultural and cultural destination. In order to

support the development of tourism in northern

Badung, one of the much needed carrying capacities

is the availability of clean water. The current

conditions in North Badung are mostly using water

from Badung Regency Water Company, partly from

village water company and partly by self-drilling

groundwater. With the geographical position of North

Badung under Lake Batur, in this area there are more

than 46 potential springs spread across several

villages (Arntz et al., 2015). Several

large springs

have been used by Badung Regency

water

company as a source of raw water. In the

framework of a reliable clean water supply system in

922

Parwita, I., Tapayasa, I., Mudhina, M., Andayani, K., Triadi, I. and P. W., I.

Study of the Potential and Utilization of Springs for Clean Water Supply to Supporting Tourism Development in the North Badung Regency.

DOI: 10.5220/0010956700003260

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science (iCAST-ES 2021), pages 922-926

ISBN: 978-989-758-615-6; ISSN: 2975-8246

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Northern Badung, it is very necessary to study the

potential and use of springs accurately so that they

can become a very important reference in the

development of the tourism village. Research on the

potential and conservation of springs is very

important to know with certainty the amount of water

and how to do the right conservation for the

preservation of existing water resources. (Romadhan,

2020), (M.C. Baleseng, 2015), (E. Kreuzberg-

Mukhina, N. Gorelkin, A. Kreuzberg V. Talskykh, E.

Bykova and I. Mirabdullaev, 2004)

METHOD

The research was conducted in the form of

information collection (secondary and primary data

collection), field surveys and problem analysis. The

surveys and data collection activities carried out

included: data collection on potential springs, data

collection for Badung Regency Water Company,

spring development systems, measurement of deviant

discharge in several potential springs and testing of

water quality in several springs. More clearly the

research methodology is carried out with the

following steps:

Inventory of water sources is based on secondary

data and field checks are carried out. In the field,

the

topographic location, water discharge and

conservation efforts that have been carried out

the community are recorded

Coordinate with the community and local

community leaders related to conservation and

development efforts. The method used is in the

form

of group discussions and deep interviews

Perform instantaneous discharge measurements

several potential springs with the

instantaneous

measurement method with the

help of a current

meter tool

Conduct water quality testing using laboratory

testing methods for physical, chemical,

biological

and bacteriological components

Conducting an analysis of several villages that

have

developed a tourism village program

Provide a reference for spring management

policies

related to development

3 DISCUSSION

3.1 Overview of Badung Regency

Badung Regency is located between 08

14'20" -

50'48" south latitude, and 115

05'00" -

115

26'16" east longitude, with the boundaries: north:

Buleleng Regency; East: Bangli, Gianyar, and

Denpasar City; South: Indonesian Ocean; West :

Tabanan Regency. The area of Badung Regency is

418.52 km

administratively covering 6 sub-districts.

The area of Badung Regency per District is as

presented in Table 1 and the location map of Badung

Regency is presented in Figure 1 below:

Table 1: Area of Badung Regency.

Sub District Area (km

)

Kuta Selatan 101,13

Kuta 17,52

Kuta Utara 33,86

Mengwi 82

Abiansemal 69,01

Petang 115

Total 418,52

Source: Badung Regency Government, 2021

Figure 1: Map of Badung Regency.

3.2 Topographical Overview

The highest altitude is in Petang District

(2,075 m)

above sea level, the lowest is in Kuta

District

(27 m) most of the urban areas are in the

south.

This indicates that physically development is

progressing faster in the southern part, so it can be

said that the further south Badung Regency is more

urban and north it will be more rural. The slopes of

Badung Regency can be grouped into 7 namely:

slope 0 – 3%, is a flat area, generally an alluvial

plain area of rivers, swamps and beaches. Its

distribution includes Kuta, Legian and Benoa with

Study of the Potential and Utilization of Springs for Clean Water Supply to Supporting Tourism Development in the North Badung Regency

923

an area of 22.01 km² or 5.64% of the total area

slope >3 – 5%, is a sloping area, generally

alluvial river plain area. Its distribution

includes

Jimbaran, Basangkasa and Petinggan

with an area

of 23.12 km² or 3.93% of the total

area.

slope >5 – 10%, is a undulating area generally is

undulating hilly area, the distribution covers

the

areas: Munggu, Dalung, Abianbase,

Lukluk,

Mengwi and Cemengan with an area of

109.9 km²

or 28.19% of the total area.

slope >10 – 15%, is a slightly sloping area.

Its

distribution includes Sembung,

Batangnyuh,

Sangeh, Allan, Getasan and

Pangsang areas with

an area of 59.53 km² or

15.27% of the total area.

slope >15 – 30%, is a sloping area. Its

distribution

covers the areas of Unggasan,

Pecatu, Kutuh,

Petangan, Uluwatu and

Sawangan with an area of

93.33 km² or 23.94% of the total area.

slope > 30 – 70%, is a very sloping to steep

area.

Its distribution covers around Plaga,

Kladan and

Belok with an area of 75.49 km² or

19.36% of the

mapping area.

the slope of the slope > 70%, is an area that is

to steep. Its distribution covers the peak

area of

Mount Catur, with an area of 6.45 km²

or 1.65%

of the total area.

3.3 Springs Potential

In analyzing the springs in Badung Regency,

it is

carried out with secondary data from the Bali

Penida River Council and direct observation to the

field. The potential of existing springs in Badung

Regency is shown in Table 2 below:

Table 2: Potential Springs In Badung Regency.

No District Springs

1 Petang 100

2 Abiansemal 106

3 Mengwi 67

4 Kuta Utara 6

Total

379

Source: analysis, 2021

The results of the analysis and field

observations show that there are 37 potential springs

in Badung Regency with a total discharge of 1,439.54

litres/second. There are 10 springs that have been

used as raw water sources with a water production of

116.3 litres/second or 8.08% of the total spring

production. The springs that have been used for

Badung Regency Water Company can be seen in

Table 3 below:

Table 3: Springs for Badung Regency Water Company

Sources.

Source: analysis, 2021

3.4 Fulfillment of Drinking Water by

Village Water Company

The use of village water company in Badung

Regency is very low, is within the value of 4.29%.

There are many problems in the implementation of

village water company, in this report all existing

problems will be shown as evaluation material for

agencies related to the fulfillment of drinking water

for the community in Badung Regency. The use of

water sourced from village water company is much

smaller than that sourced from regency water

company. This is due to the fact that most of them

have been served by regency water company, while

some areas with high or far topographical conditions

have only used water from the village water company.

The fulfillment of water by the community on a small

scale is very good for the environment because it does

not over-exploit, the community uses water wisely on

a small scale.(Gupta and Kulkarni, 2018), (WCPA,

2012), (Barquín and Scarsbrook, 2008), (United

Figure 2: Comparison of the number of families using

regency water company and village water

company.

o. Springs Discharge

(litres/second)

unan 5

2 Batu Kurung 5

3 Kedewatan 4,5

4Tanahwu

5Tuka 12

6 Dungun 15

7Kerta 10

8 Sulangai 7

9 Sulangai Atas 2,8

10 Tangkup 25

Total 116,30

iCAST-ES 2021 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science

924

Nations, 2011), (Freeston et al., 2017) Figure 2 shows

a comparison of the number of families using water

from Regncy water company and village water

company.

3.5 Fulfillment of Drinking Water with

Non-Pipeline Network

Sources of water used in non-pipeline services

include dug wells, boreholes and rivers. In calculating

the percentage of non-pipeline network users, the

only users who are counted are users of water sources

in the form of drilled wells and dug wells. In Badung

Regency there are quite a lot of users of dug wells and

drilled wells. However, in the calculation, dug well

users are only counted as 80% of the total existing

users. This is because most of the owners of dug wells

also use other water sources such as Badung Regency

water company. Many of the dug wells are idle and

no longer in use. So that the users of dug wells cannot

be calculated optimally. The comparison between the

total family and the family using dug wells and drilled

wells can be seen in Figure 3

Figure 3: The comparison between the total

family and

the family using dug

wells and drilled wells.

3.6 Service of Badung Regency Clean

Water

Sources of water used in clean water services

Badung regency is Badung regency water

company, village water company, dug wells, drilled

wells and rivers. The use of rivers as a source of

drinking water is very little in Badung Regency, only

67 families. Clean water services in Badung Regency

are very good. Overall, the service coverage of

Badung Regency is 92.39%.

3.7 Water Quality

Spring quality testing was carried out on

several

potential springs by testing in the laboratory

several parameters that were generally carried out

regarding temperature, pH, BOD5, COD, Nitrate and

Nitrite. The test results show that there are almost no

springs that have good quality to be drunk directly but

must go through a processing process first. The

results of a more complete water quality test can be

seen in table 3

Table 3: Water Quality Test.

No.

Spring

Village

Parameter

Colur

pH BOD

COD

Nitrat(NO2-N)

Nitrit(NO3-N)

Unit Pt Co

mg / L

mg / l

Mumbul Sangeh

No Detection

7,2

18,02

24.24

0,267

No Detection

Beji

Pangsan

0,442

7,44

24.02

40.4

0,924

No Detection

Purna

Mengwi

23,67

6,74

16,02

32,32

5,22

No Detection

B. Megoong Bongksa Pertiwi

33,467

7,21

16,02

48,48

1,325

0,06

Jukut

Pelaga

33,12

7,2

8,56

11,45

1,27

No Detection

Limit

6-9

Source: laboratoriumanalysis

3.8 Tourism Village

Tourism Village is tourism based on the

cultural

excellence of the local community by

carrying

out the concept of sustainable conservation.

This

tour is managed by the local community ranging

from accommodation, transportation attractions and

other activities (Dewi et al., 2018) (Permatasari,

Widiati and Suryani, 2019) (Widnyana, Karunia and

Sujana, 2020).

The Regency government has pioneered the

development of five tourist villages in Badung

Regency, namely Mengwi, Sangeh, Bongkasa

Pertiwi, Pangsan and Pelaga. In these five villages,

Sangeh is a village with a spring with a large

discharge, namely the Mumbul spring, furthermore,

Mengwi village has quite large springs, namely Purna

springs, Bongkasa Pertiwi village has Batu Megoong

springs, Pangsan village has Beji springs and Pelaga

village has many springs but with a small discharge

spread over almost the entire village area.

From the analysis of the instantaneous

discharge and water needs for the purposes of the

tourist village, it shows that the village has a

sufficient amount of water.

4 CONCLUSION

Based on the results of field observations and

analyzes that have been carried out related to springs

in the North Badung area, it can be concluded several

things as follows:

Study of the Potential and Utilization of Springs for Clean Water Supply to Supporting Tourism Development in the North Badung Regency

925

a. The potential for springs in Badung Regency is

379

springs located in four sub-districts in the

northern

part of Badung, namely in Petang

District as many

as 200 units, in Abiansemal

District as many as

106 units, Mengwi District

as many as 67 units

and in Kuta Utrara District

as many as 6 units.

Based from the discharge

category, it can be

classified into three groups,

namely with 93 large

potentials, 154 medium

potentials and 132 small

potentials. There are

37 potential springs

developed

b. The number of springs that have been utilized for

the fulfillment of raw water currently amounts to

10 pieces

c. Regarding sustainable spring management, it can

be said that the local community and government

have a high appreciation for water management

because each spring has been protected by custom

through local regulations/awig-awig which have

implications for sustainable springs. The

government, in this case the Regency Government

and the Bali River Council has carried out several

spring arrangements aimed at preserving the

existing springs in the area.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Appreciation and gratitude are expressed to all

parties who have helped, especially to the Badung

Regency government and the Bali Penida River

Council

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