Analysis of Polycrystalline Solar Panel Energy Supply in Series and

Parallel Circuits for on-Grid PLTS

I Nyoman Sugiarta

Electrical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bali, Jimbaran, Bali, 80361, Indonesia

Keywords: PLTS on-Grid, Series Circuits, Parallel Circuits, Smart Grid Inverters, Polycrystalline Solar Panels.

Abstract: This on-grid PLTS utilizes renewable energy in the form of solar energy combined with PLN's power grid.

One of the most basic needs in the education process on campuses, schools, both private and government

especially during the day is the use of LCDs, practical equipment, computers / laptops and air conditioners.

From the research results of Polycrystalline Solar Panel Energy Supply Analysis in Series and Parallel Circuits

for on-grid PLTS using smart grid inverters, the average electrical energy produced by two solar panels

arranged in series in various weather is 0.3 kWh/day while in parallel circuits 0.2 kWh/day. The graph of

electrical energy (kWh/day) in series is higher than in parallel circuits. The average electrical energy produced

by one solar panel of 200 Wp on an on-grid system in various weather is 0.187 kWh/day while for two 100

Wp solar panels arranged in series is 0.336 kWh/day. The graph of electrical energy produced by two 100 Wp

solar panels in a series circuit is higher than one 200 Wp solar panel. For on-grid systems two 100 Wp solar

panels arranged in series are better than one 200 Wp solar panel. It can be concluded that the series circuit is

able to obtain maximum electrical energy in the on-grid system by using a smart inverter compared to two

100 Wp solar panels arranged in parallel and one 200 Wp solar panel.

1 INTRODUCTION

This enormous potential of solar energy can be

utilized as electrical energy with the help of

photovoltaic technology, which is technology that is

able to convert sunlight directly into electrical energy.

The use of photovoltaic technology as a power plant

in Indonesia is known as PLTS (Solar Power

Generation). PLTS is a power plant that fully utilizes

sunlight as an energy source. Types of solar cells

include monocrystalline and polycrystalline.

Polycrystalline types have lower efficiency and

greater dimensions compared to monocrystalline

types. However, this type can produce electrical

energy in cloudy weather conditions and has a lower

price so it is widely used in the market (Muhammad,

2017). On-grid PLTS is one of the main examples of

generating systems that are properly applied to areas

that are already covered by large-scale and small-

scale generating systems. This on-grid PLTS utilizing

renewable energy in the form of solar energy

combined with existing power networks such as

diesel or other existing energy sources. Solar energy

is converted into electrical energy through

photovoltaic modules that are directly channeled to

the electricity network that was previously supplied

by the Diesel Generator Set or other source, so that it

becomes a more efficient and reliable system to be

able to supply electrical energy needs during the day.

One of the most basic needs in the education process

on campuses, schools, both private and government

especially during the day is the use of LCDs, practical

equipment, computers / laptops and air conditioners.

To support a government program that launches

"green energy" and energy savings or energy

efficiency, the authors plan the study of

Polycrystalline Solar Panel Energy Supply Analysis

in the Series and Parallel Series for on-grid PLTS.

2 METHOTOLOGY

Monthly average insulation on horizontal surfaces at

the indicated GMT (kW / m

/ day) data for Denpasar,

Bali (Narottama, 2017). as table 1.

1180

Sugiarta, I.

Analysis of Polycrystalline Solar Panel Energy Supply in Series and Parallel Circuits for on-Gr id PLTS.

DOI: 10.5220/0010962000003260

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science (iCAST-ES 2021), pages 1180-1183

ISBN: 978-989-758-615-6; ISSN: 2975-8246

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Table 1: Monthly Average Insulation For Denpasar, Bali.

Month 22-year average

Jan 4.93

Feb 5.04

Mar 5.43

Apr 5.39

May 5.19

Jun 4.84

Jul 4.79

Aug 5.33

Sep 5.95

Oct 6.19

Nov 5.67

Dec 5.28

The lowest isolation occurred in July of 4.79 (kW/m

/day) and the highest in October was 6.19 (kW/ m

/day). The average insulation measured is 5.335833

(kW/ m

/day).

2.1 Research Flow Chart

The research flow chart can be seen as shown in the

figure 1.

Figure 1: Research flow chart.

2.2 Tools and Materials Used

The materials and measuring instruments used in this

research are as follows:

1. 100 Wp and 200 Wp Polycrystalline solar

panels.

2. Solar Smart Microinverter SG 600.

3. Data Box - Data Collector (Model

DataBox24G).

4. High-precision watt meter.

5. Digital AC Wattmeter 0-3680 W.

6. MC4 Solar Panel PV Cable Connectors

7. 20m Solar Cell Green Power cable.

8. 20m PLN cable 3x2.5 mm.

Measurement and data collection were carried out

empirically at the same time using a data box

connected to a computer.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Research Objectives and Location

This research was conducted at Kodya Denpasar, Bali

using 100 WP polycrystalline solar panels arranged in

series and parallel. Kodya Denpasar is located at

coordinates 8.67 south latitude and 115.21 east

longitude. This study aims to determine the difference

in electrical energy produced by solar panels arranged

in series in the figure 2 and parallel in the figure 3 on

the PLTS on-grid system.

Figure 2: PLTS series on-grid.

Figure 3: PLTS parallel on-grid.

Analysis of Polycrystalline Solar Panel Energy Supply in Series and Parallel Circuits for on-Grid PLTS

1181

The specification of poly crystalline 100 Wp in the

table 2 and poly crystalline 200 Wp as shown in the

table 3.

Table 2: 100 Wp solar panel specifications.

Item Value

Model

Rated Maximum Powe

SP100-18P

100W

Cell Efficiency

Open Circuit Voltage

(Voc)

16.93%

21.8 V

Short Circuit Current

(Isc)

6.05 A

Voltage at Maximum

Power

(

17.8 V

Current at Maximum

Power

(

5.62 A

Power Tolerance ±3%

Max System Voltage

Series fuse rating(A)

1000 V

Number of b

ass diode 2

Operating temperature

Cell Technology

Dimension

(

)

-4

C to 85

Poly-Si

1000x670x30mm

Table 3: 200 Wp solar panel specifications.

Item Value

Model

Rated Maximum Power

(Pm)

GH200P-20

200W

Power Tolerance

Open Circuit Voltage

(

Voc

)

30.87 V

Short Circuit Current

(Isc)

8.51 A

Voltage at Maximum

Power (Vmp)

24.72 V

Current at Maximum

Power

(

8.10 A

Max System Voltage

Normal Operating Cell

Tem

(

NOCT

)

1000 V

47± 2

Number of bypass diode 2

Operating temperature

Cell Technology

Dimension (mm)

-40

C to 85

Poly-Si

1320x992x35mm

3.2 Data Analysis

3.2.1 Theoretical Energy Results

The output power generated from the solar panel can

be calculated based on the specifications of the solar

panel used, and also by using the equation: (Eka,

2014).

The average insulation measured in Kodya

Denpasar is 5.335833 (kW/ m 2 /day)

The area of solar panels used in the research is

0.67 m 2 (100 Wp) and 1.3 m 2 (200Wp)

The efficiency of the solar panel η = 0.1693

Then the solar panel output power of 100 Wp is

calculated by the formula:

P (watt peak) = Area x PSI x η

P (watt peak) = 0.67 [m 2] x 2 panels x 5.34 [kWh/m

2 /day] x 0.1693 PG = 1.216 [kWh/day]

P (watt peak) = 36.48 [kWh / month]; PG = 443.84

[kWh/year]

Then the solar panel output power of 200 Wp is

calculated by the formula:

P (watt peak) = Area x PSI x η

P (watt peak) = 1.3 [m 2] x 1 panel x 5.34 [kWh/m 2

/day] x 0.1693 PG = 1.175 [kWh/day]

P (watt peak) = 35.26 [kWh / month]; PG = 423,101

[kWh/year]

Information:

Area = Area of solar panels

PSI (Peak Solar Insulation) = Average solar

insulation

η = solar panel efficiency

3.2.2 Empirical Energy Results

Electrical energy generated from two solar panels

arranged in series and two solar panels arranged in

parallel at the same time as figure 4 and one solar

panel 200 Wp, two solar panels 100 Wp series.

Figure 4: Graph of electrical energy produced by two series

solar panels and two parallel solar panels.

iCAST-ES 2021 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science

1182

Figure 5 below:

Figure 5: Graph of electrical energy produced by one solar

panel 200 Wp vs two solar panels 100 Wp series.

The average electrical energy produced by one

solar panel is 200 Wp in an on-grid tie system in

various weather 0.187 kWh per day while for two 100

Wp solar panels arranged in series is 0.336 kWh. In

figure 5 can be seen a graph of electrical energy

produced by two 100 Wp solar panels in a series

circuit higher than one 200 Wp solar panel. For on-

grid systems two series 100 Wp solar panels arranged

in series are better than one 200 Wp solar panel. It

should also be remembered that the installation of

solar panels in the series of allowable voltage limits

does not exceed the smart grid inverter voltage limits

used.

4 CONCLUSIONS

The average electrical energy produced by two solar

panels arranged in series on an on-grid tie system in

various weather 0.3 kWh per day while for solar

panels arranged in parallel is equal to 0.2 kWh. The

graph of electrical energy produced by solar panels in

series is higher than solar panels arranged in parallel.

For on-grid systems the series of solar panel series is

better than parallel circuit solar panels. The average

electrical energy produced by one solar panel is 200

Wp in an on-grid tie system in various weather 0.187

kWh/day while for two 100 Wp solar panels arranged

in series is 0.336 kWh. The graph of electrical energy

produced by two 100 Wp solar panels in a series

circuit is higher than one 200 Wp solar panel. For on-

grid systems two series 100 Wp solar panels arranged

in series are better than one 200 Wp solar panel. It can

be concluded that the series circuit is able to get

maximum electrical energy in the on-grid tie system

by using a smart inverter. It should also be

remembered that the installation of solar panels on

this circuit allowable voltage limits do not exceed the

smart grid inverter voltage limits that are used. The

theoretical energy calculation of two solar panels 100

Wp produces 1,216 [kWh/day], while the electrical

energy results of two solar panels arranged in series

empirically get an average yield of 0.3 - 0.336

kWh/day. The theoretical energy calculation of 200

Wp solar panels yields 1,175 [kWh/day], while the

energy yield empirically yields an average of 0.187

kWh/day.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This research was funded by DIPA of the Bali State

Polytechnic (PNB) No. SP.DIPA-042.01.2.401006 /

2020. We thank the Center for Research and

Community Service (P3M PNB) for providing the

kind of support.

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