Development of Micro Hydro Power Screw Archimedes Turbines

Types in Small Irrigation Channel

I K. E. H. Wiryanta and Achmad Wibolo

Mechanical Engineering Department, Politeknik Negeri Bali, Badung, Bali, Indonesia

Keywords: Renewable Energy, Green Energy, Solar Cell, Solar Panel, Bongkasa Pertiwi, Sangeh, Mengwi, Pelaga,

Pangsan, Badung, Bali.

Abstract: Bongkasa Pertiwi, Sangeh, Mengwi, Pelaga and Pangsan are five villages in Badung Regency, Bali Province.

These five villages are planned by Badung Regency Tourism Office as tourism villages that supported by

green energy. For this purpose, a study on the potential of solar energy that can be used for solar cells was

conducted using data from the Prediction Of Worldwide Energy Resources (POWER) at the average latitude

and longitude position of the five village offices location, i.e., -8.44209 lat and 115.21381 lon. We collect the

data of all sky insolation incident on a horizontal surface (kW-hr/square metre/day) for this position from

2010 to 2019. The prediction of solar energy in these areas can be calculated using sixth order polynomial

equation and its coefficients. This equation can be used to forecast the maximum, mean and minimum values

of insolation in these areas by using coefficients as stated in Table II – IV. The statistic shows that all of the

adjusted r-square of insolation fitness equations have values of more than 90 percent.

1 INTRODUCTION

Research on solar energy in Bali Province has been

carried out by several researchers in several locations,

such as Nusa Penida, Kayubihi, Denpasar and

Badung Regency focused on sunlight intensity,

required battery capacity, comparison of simulation

results with real production of electrical energy and

also solar energy modeling.

Research on solar energy in Nusa Penida, a small

island located at 8°44’4’’ south latitude and 115°32’2’’

east longitude in Klungkung Regency, shows that the

area gets light intensity average of 5.34 kWh/m2/day

with wind speed average of 4.4 m/s . In Kutampi

Village, Nusa Penida, there is a solar power plant to

supply a base transceiver station (BTS) load of 174.66

kWh that requires 45 panels with total battery

capacity of 3,800 Ah and total battery of 16 units.

Solar-powered street lighting in Nusa Penida had also

been analyzed and summarized about the causes of

battery damage were due to disproportionate to the

load capacity requirements and because the battery

has been old.

The study found at Pemecutan Kaja Village,

Denpasar City, Bali Province that daily average

energy produced by the solar panel is 23.59 kWh

yielding cost of energy at IDR 7,766/kWh. Experiment

to clean filters of the plant reduced daily energy

consumption from 8.84 kWh to 3.05 kWh or 65%.

In Kayubihi, Bangli Regency, a 1 MWp solar

power plant has been built and connected to the

electricity network. The comparative study of

simulation results with real production of electrical

energy has been carried out which shows a difference

of 32.3%.

In Denpasar City, the capital of Bali Province,

research on solar energy has been carried out at

elementary school no. 5, which is located in

Pedungan area, with roof angle of 30.96o produces

energy potential of 3214.6 kWh, lower than the

optimal angle of 15o that produce larger potential

value of 3407 kWh. Statistically, the electrical

characteristics of 150-Watt peak solar panel in

Denpasar can be modeled using Boltzmann's sigmoid

function with good fit. The lighting systems with 150-

Watt peak solar panel in Denpasar shows that the

maximum received wattage is 0.76 kW/day in

October based on NASA data (Waters S,2 013).

In Badung Regency, the hybrid solar power plant

for parking area of Cipta Karya Building, Office of

Highways and Irrigation of Badung Regency has been

planned which works automatically controlled by the

inverter system that produces 148.274 kW, which is

1420

Wiryanta, I. and Wibolo, A.

Development of Micro Hydro Power Screw Archimedes Turbines Types in Small Irrigation Channel.

DOI: 10.5220/0010966500003260

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science (iCAST-ES 2021), pages 1420-1424

ISBN: 978-989-758-615-6; ISSN: 2975-8246

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

equal to 30% of the electrical energy consumption in

the building of 2.310 MWh (

Kumar U, 2016

In this paper we discuss the projections of solar

energy in Bongkasa Pertiwi, Sangeh, Mengwi, Pelaga

and Pangsan area that has never been studied by other

researchers. The research aims to support this area to

become tourism villages that supported by green

energy.

2 METHODOLOGY

The development of micro hydro power screw

Archimedes turbines were divided into two sections.

The first was creates a design of the screw

Archimedes turbines that suites for irrigation water

channel, and the second was build the micro hydro

power. The flowchart of the research are shown in

Figure 1.

Figure 1: Flowchart of the research.

By using CAD the design of the micro hydro power

screw Archimedes turbines were shown in Figure 2.

1. Screw Archimedes Turbine

2. Battery

3. Bearing

4. Generator

5. Inverter

6. Box

Figure 2: Design of micro hydro screw Archimedes turbines.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

From the geometry design using CAD in Fig.2, then

the prototype of micro hydro power screw

Archimedes turbines were built and developed. The

rotor construction has 3 screw blades, a thread range

of 492 mm, a radius of outer blade (Ro) 112.5 mm

and an inner screw radius (Ri) of 55 mm. The turbine

was 70 cm long with the number of turbines turns of

2 turns with 3 blade, and the length of turbine turn are

24 cm. The turbines shaft designed with adjustable

slope which was 15°, 20°, 25°, and 30°. The turbine

shaft conducted with a generator from DC stepper

motor with power output 24V. The generator

connected to an inverter to convert the current output

generator from DC into AC. The power produce from

the system will be storage in a battery. The prototype

of micro hydro power screw Archimedes are shown

in Fig. 3 below:

Yes

tart

Desi

rotot

e of Micro

Hydro

Power Model

Design of screw Archimedes turbines

ith

ope

1 5 ° - 30 °

Build and fabrication of micro hydro power

screw Archimedes turbines

Experimental report

tin

f mi

ower screw

him

edes

Fini

Development of Micro Hydro Power Screw Archimedes Turbines Types in Small Irrigation Channel

1421

Figure 3: Prototype micro hydro screw Archimedes

turbines portable.

Figure 4: I Power generation components (generator,

inverter, and battery).

Table 1: Micro Power Hydro Specification.

Name Specification

Dimension (p x l x t) 100 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm

Number of blade 3

Turbine stainless plat

Number of turn 2

Length of turn 24 cm

Screw length 70 cm

Do 20.5 cm

Di 11 cm

Generator DC stepper, Output 24 V

Inverter AC 230V, 500

Battery 12V 3Ah

The micro hydro power tested in small irrigation

channel with the widh about 70 cm and the depth of

the water about 12 – 15 cm. The test done 2 times in

different irrigation channel, where both has the same

average size of channel. The water velocities (v) were

test by the average speed of water flow in 1 meter

length of the irrigation channel.

Figure 5: Schematic of water irrigation channel.

𝐴 = 𝑙 𝐷

𝐴 = 70 𝑥 12

𝐴 = 875 𝑐𝑚

𝐴 = 0.0875 𝑚

By measure the average time of water flow in 1 m

length, it can be known the water flow rate of the

irrigation channel upstream the micro hydro power

generator. Test 1 the average time of water flow in 1

m length was 1.95 s, and the Test 2 the average time

was 1.62 s.

The water flow rate:

Test 1.

Test 2.

The power output from the generator measure using a

digital AVO meter, and the rotation of generator

measured using a digital tachometer. The water flow

to the micro hydro generator were assumed to be

homogen, which was it’s a steady condition of water

flow, no rainfalls, no turbulence of water flow

upstream the micro hydro generator.

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The power output from generator analyze using the

formula:

P = V.I (1)

Where:

P = Power (watt)

V = voltage (volt)

I = current (ampere)

The result of the micro hydro power test were shown

in table 2 and table 3 below:

Table 2: Micro Hydro Power Performance (v = 0.513 m/s).

Slope/

inclination

(°)

Rotation

(rpm)

Output

Generator

(Volt)

(Ampere)

(watt)

1 15 901,6 8,9 2,2 19,58

2 20 1318,17 11 2,92 32,12

3 25 906,008 9,65 2,36 22,77

4 30 1061,43 10,7 2,7 28,94

Table 3: Micro Hydro Power Performance (V = 0.617 M/S).

Slope/

inclination

(°)

Rotation

Output

Generator

(Volt)

(Ampere)

(watt)

1 15 953,3 9 2,4 21,6

2 20 1345,7 12,3 3,12 38,4

3 25 934,02 11,1 2,56 28,5

4 30 1100,04 11,8 2,96 34,9

The performances analysis of micro hydro power

screw Archimedes are shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7

below:

Figure 6: Turbines inclination to generator performance.

Figure 7: Turbines inclination to power output.

Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 above shows that the micro hydro

power screw Archimedes can work properly for uses

in small irrigation channel. The flow velocities of the

water was 0.513 m/s and 0.617 m/s with depth of

water about 12 cm. The screw Archimedes turbine

can rotate with all various shaft inclination.

The test result showed that the inclination takes a

good effect to the output of generator, which was the

highest turbine and generator rotation (about 1300

rpm) and also the highest power output generate

about 38 W at the inclination of turbine 20°. This

shown that the inclination of turbine to the water flow

take an important things. When the water flow

constantly and flew smooth to the micro hydro screw

Archimedes the maximum inclination was about 20°.

Whenever we set the inclination higher than 20° the

water flew in the screw turbine will floods and take

effect to the performance of rotation of generator. The

generator will be flooded and drown with the water

so the rotation will decrease. It will cause the power

generate from generator also decreasing.

4 CONCLUSIONS

From the foregoing analysis, it can be concluded that

the micro hydro power screw Archimedes turbines

that has been design and build with adjustable turbine

inclination can work properly. The construction of the

design is made with turbine specifications: the rotor

construction has 3 screw blades, a thread range of 492

mm, a radius of outer blade (Ro) 112.5 mm and an

inner screw (Ri) of 55 mm. The box frame has a

dimensions of 1m long, 30cm wide and 30cm high.

The screw Archimedes turbine and the generator in

the prototype of micro hydro power that have been

developed were not equipped with any coupling

system but it’s connected directly so that the turbine

rotation was always the same as the generator

rotation.

Development of Micro Hydro Power Screw Archimedes Turbines Types in Small Irrigation Channel

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The result showed that the screw Archimedes

turbines can produce enough rotation with low head

from irrigation water channels and produce an

electricity. The voltage generated by the generator is

not able to charge the battery yet. If the power on the

battery is allowed to quickly run out of use by the

inverter, therefore a step up module is installed to

increase the output voltage of the generator so that the

power from the generator to the battery becomes

more stable. The highest rotation of generator were

found in turbines inclination of 20° which was about

1300 rpm, and the power output produce from the

generator about 38 watt.

From the results of experimental it can be

suggested several things to improve the micro hydro

power screw Archimedes turbines performances. The

first is an improvement on the system design. The

design of blade and number of turn of the turbine can

more varying for a better rotation performance, it can

also connected with a gearbox as a transmission in

order to step up the rotation of generator. The second

improvement are the material, include the material of

turbines blade, the generator, and the box frame

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to acknowledge The Director

and Head of P3M State Polytechnic of Bali for

funding this research. Authors also likes to thanks full

to the research team and all the staff of Mechanical

Engineering Department of Bali State Polytechnic for

the support.

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