Cyberbullying, Social Media, and Teenagers

Yuliyanti

, Muhammad Haris Zubaidillah

and Mohamad Nursalim Azmi

Arabic Language Education, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Al Qur’an Amuntai, Rakha Pakapuran Street, Amuntai, Indonesia

Arabic Language Education, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Al Qur’an Amuntai, Amuntai, Indonesia

Keywords: Cyberbullying, Social Media, Teenager.

Abstract: The majority in Indonesia use social media as a place to interact with each other. Social media provides many

conveniences for its users, one of which can make it easier for someone to interact wherever he is. However,

behind this convenience, social media can also have a negative impact if it’s not used wisely. One example is

cyberbullying. And the phenomenon of cyberbullying mostly occurs in teenagers. The purpose of this paper

is to describe the phenomenon of cyberbullying in social media, by including several examples of

cyberbullying cases that have occurred in Indonesia. In addition to knowing the impact of cyberbullying on

adolescents on social media along with how to respond to cyberbullying base on an Islamic religious

perspective. The method used is a literature review using articles and journals obtained from the Google

Scholar electronic database. The results of various studies obtained indicate that many cases of cyberbullying

afflict teenagers. And cyberbullying has a huge psychological, physical, and social impact on a person. The

impact is not only felt by the victim, but the perpetrators of cyberbullying also feel it.

1 INTRODUCTION

Along with the times, technological advances are also

increasingly sophisticated, especially in the use of

communication media facilities. In Indonesia, the

most widely used communication media is social

media. Social media provides many conveniences for

its users, one of which can make it easier for someone

to interact wherever he is. Moreover, during a

pandemic like this requires activities to be carried out

using online media both in the fields of education,

health, and others.

The definition of cyberbullying is the act of

intimidating using media or electronic devices.

Bullying on social media is a deliberate act by the

perpetrator with the intent or purpose of causing the

occurrence of losses, actions that are always carried

out consistently or repeatedly, and cyberbullying

always involves an element of a relationship which is

characterized by an imbalance of power (Hellsten,

2017).

Based on data obtained from Hootsuite.com and

We Are Social it was revealed that the number of

internet users in Indonesia as of January 2019 reached

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0376-313X

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1375-4413

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2744-9321

150 million users. This number has increased from

Indonesia's internet users last year, which was as

many as 143 million users. The data also reveals that

the use of social media gets the longest time accessed

by internet users in Indonesia. These social media

include Twitter, Instagram, Path, Ask.FM, Facebook,

and others (Suryaningrum R. A., 2019). However,

behind this convenience, social media can also have

a negative impact if it is not used wisely. One

example is cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is a form of

bullying that occurs on social media. Social media is

a medium that is often used as a place for

cyberbullying.

Meanwhile, cyberbullying occurs when a child is

threatened, intimidated, humiliated, or made "buddy"

by other children, either through the internet, digital

and interactive technology or cell phones (Priyatna,

2010). Cyberbullying only applies to fellow teens. If

there are adults who are involved in it, then it is not

included in the category of cyberbullying. These

activities can be categorized as criminal acts

(cybercrime). Cyberbullying is a big problem that can

have various impacts or consequences on teenagers.

Adolescents who are victims of cyberbullying report

Yuliyanti, ., Haris Zubaidillah, M. and Nursalim Azmi, M.

Cyberbullying, Social Media, and Teenagers.

DOI: 10.5220/0011095400003368

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Mental Health (Icometh 2021), pages 64-72

ISBN: 978-989-758-586-9

feeling angry, sick, embarrassed or afraid. These

emotions can make the victim react to take revenge

on the perpetrator, withdraw from the association and

activities that were usually carried out before and

"change" to both like to do cyberbullying (Priyatna,

2010).

Cyberbullying has characteristics including

intentional, harmful, and repeated. First,

intentionally. Behavior that is intentional and has a

specific purpose. This incident can happen anytime as

long as you are connected to the internet.

Cyberbullies in conducting cyberbullying have

determined who the target will be hurt. As is the case,

the perpetrator already knows the victim's account.

And the victim has a physical form that is bad enough

to allow the perpetrator to intimidate the victim.

Second, harmful. The danger that is caused by

cyberbullying can be felt continuously by the victim.

It was because of what was done cyberbullies can be

distributed over the internet in seconds to all over the

world. An example of a dangerous action is to carry

out threats made by perpetrators against the victim.

Third, repeatedly. This behavior is repeated, so that

makes the victim constantly worry about what the

cyberbullies will do next. An example is the action of

the perpetrator who can access the account victims so

that they can do it repeatedly, which makes the victim

feel powerless to defend himself (Dwipayana,

Setiyono, & Pakpahan, 2020).

Cyberbullying comes from the word bully. In

Indonesian, the word bully literally means a bully, a

person who annoys weak people. Examples of

bullying behavior include mocking, spreading

rumors, inciting, ostracizing, scaring (intimidating),

threatening, bullying, bullying, or physically

attacking (pushing, slapping, hitting). Bullying

certainly has a negative impact, although sometimes

for the bully, the act of bullying he does sometimes

unnoticed. Bullying can lead to feelings of insecurity,

isolation, feelings of low self-esteem, depression or

stress that can end in suicide, such as cases that are

rampant in all parts of the world. In connection with

the development of information and communication

technology, such as the internet, making bullying

behavior easier to do. The internet is now used as a

medium for bullying by irresponsible people.

Bullying via the internet is commonly known as

cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is a treatment for

bullying through the internet and digital technology.

Its purpose is to annoy, threaten, embarrass,

humiliate, socially exclude, or damage the reputation

of another person (Rudi, 2010).

The absence of identity (anonymous) is often

associated with online interactions that place an

individual in a position of power or powerlessness

(Ybarra & Mitchell, 2004). According to Brown, the

internet allows individuals to create new identities.

Cyberbullying perpetrators may make temporary

accounts with a false identity in order to deceive the

victim so as not to recognize him (Hinduja & Patchin,

2006). Victims will not know who the real

cyberbullying perpetrator is because the perpetrator

will be absent and even blame someone else as the

culprit. Cyberbullying perpetrators are often unaware

of the consequences of their behavior, which results

in a lack of remorse or empathy. Being anonymous

will limit cyberbullies worries to be known and make

the school and also parents find it difficult to step up

and do something to stop bullying. Parents'

knowledge and awareness of online activities is also

the cause of the difficulty of overcoming the problem

of cyberbullying (Beraducci, 2009).

The phenomenon of cyberbullying often occurs in

teenagers. Adolescence is a period that is vulnerable

to deviant behaviors, one of which is bullying.

Meanwhile, according to Hurlock (Hurlock, 2003)

adolescence has characteristics including adolescence

as an important period, a transition period, a period of

change, a problematic age, the search for identity, an

age that causes fear, unrealistic period, and as the

threshold of adulthood. Bullying can be grouped into

four types, namely verbal bullying, physical bullying,

indirect bullying (relational bullying), and

cyberbullying (Wang, Lannotti , & Nansel, 2009).

Cyberbullying is an act of humiliation,

psychological violence or intimidation carried out

through technology and information devices in

cyberspace against other people with the aim of

humiliating, spreading ugliness and hatred or

intimidating directly or openly (known to the public)

to the victim. Based on data reported from Suara.com

on April 11, 2019, entitled "The Case of Violence

against Audrey", television shows are one of the

causes of bullying cases that occur in Indonesia. The

article states that one of the factors that cause bullying

behavior is watching television shows violence on

television, even 60-70% of shows can have an

influence on a person's psychological, psychological

way of thinking, emotions and behavior. Television

in Indonesia broadcasts a lot of cartoons which raise

stories about brutality, fights which indirectly have a

negative impact on one's cognitive (thinking), and

psychological function.

In addition, many cases of bullying also occur on

social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Blogs.

Someone who makes negative comments on posts

uploaded by victims is also a form of indirect verbal

bullying. Bullying has an extraordinary impact based

Cyberbullying, Social Media, and Teenagers

on the reference in this study is the case of Goo Hara,

a South Korean artist who committed suicide. Goo

Hara was found dead at her home in Gangnam, Seoul,

on Sunday, November 24, 2019. Before she died, Goo

Hara often received negative comments about her,

either because of violence by her ex-boyfriend or

plastic surgery.

Goo Hara is also depressed and survived a suicide

attempt in May 2019. Previously, Goo Hara got into

trouble with her ex-boyfriend, Choi Jong Bum, who

threatened to spread an intimate video of what

happened to Hara. As a result of this case, Hara

actually received negative and malicious comments

or cyberbullying on social media. Goo Hara's death

happened less than two months since the departure of

the K-pop star (Sulli) who decided to end her life

because of the cyberbullying she experienced

(Adawiyah & Munir, 2020).

Cyberbullying is difficult to avoid, especially

with the development of increasingly sophisticated

technology. This can make it easier to access

everything so that there is an opportunity for the

increasingly widespread phenomenon of

cyberbullying. Based on research (Uswatun,

Wijayanti, & Puspita Sari, 2016) about the crisis of

politeness and ethics on social media. The study

explains that social media users pay less attention to

the ethics of speaking on social media, which can

trigger the emergence of cyberbullying.

Basically, cyberbullying behavior is carried out

because of behavior that is not in accordance with the

norms that exist in society. Therefore, when someone

becomes a victim of cyberbullying, they should look

for someone who can help solve the problem.

Revealed that most children when they become

victims of cyberbullying do not dare to reveal it to

adults. Case this can have a negative impact on their

psychological condition (Vaillancourt, Faris, &

Mishna, 2017).

Based on research (Sartana & Afriyeni, 2017)

found as many as 78.0 percent of students claimed to

have seen the phenomenon of cyberbullying, 21.0

percent of students had been perpetrators and 49.0

percent of students had been victims. The research

shows that out of a total of 102 students, 80 percent

of students often experience cyberbullying (Safaria,

2016).

Cyberbullying is a big problem that has various

impacts on teenagers. Cyberbullying has an impact on

physical, psychological and emotional, school-

related, and psychosocial (Navarro, Yubero, & Elisa,

2016). In Indonesia, 80 percent of teenagers who are

victims of cyberbullying are reported. The

phenomenon of cyberbullying is experienced by

victims almost every day (Safaria, 2016). Based on a

report by the United Nations Children's Fund

(UNICEF) in 2016, cyberbullying victims in

Indonesia reached 41-50% (Harususilo, 2018).

Another thing that causes cyber bullying to

become a serious problem is that in traditional

bullying, it usually occurs during school hours, while

cyber bullying can occur for 24 hours (Besley, 2012).

Teenagers can become victims of cyber bullying

anytime and anywhere. He can be bullied by his

friends after school hours are over (Griezel, Craven ,

Yeung, & Finger, 2008).

The purpose of writing is to describe the

phenomenon of cyberbullying on social media, by

including several examples of cyberbullying cases

that happened in Indonesia. In addition, to find out the

impact of cyberbullying on adolescents on social

media. And to find out how to respond to the

phenomenon of cyberbullying based on the

perspective of Islam.

2 METHOD

The method used in this study is a literature review.

The data presented in this study were obtained from

an electronic database, namely Google Scholar. The

literature used in this study is data between the years

2011-2021. The article used is by the research to be

studied, namely the case of cyberbullying in

adolescents on social media. In this study, there are

two criteria, namely inclusion and exclusion criteria.

The inclusion criteria in this study were articles with

relevant titles and contents. The exclusion criteria in

this study is the article does not have a complete

structure.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 The Phenomenon of Cyberbullying

in Teenagers on Social Media

The internet can make it easier for users to exchange

information with everyone without having to meet

face to face. The internet also encourages the

emergence of various social media such as Facebook,

Twitter, and Instagram. Internet users in Indonesia

continue to increase from year to year. Based on data

obtained from Internet World Stats show that the

number of internet users in Indonesia in November

2015 had reached 78 million people and was ranked

fourth in Asia after China, India, and Japan. Found on

Icometh 2021 - International Conference of Mental Health

a survey from We Are Social, shows that internet

users in Indonesia in January 2016 reached 88.1

million to 79 million active social media users and

almost 50% of its users are teenagers aged 13-29

years (Rifauddin, 2016). In general, social media can

be regarded as online media, where users (users) can

share, participate and create accounts in the form of

blogs, forums, and social networks using internet-

based applications in creating virtual world spaces.

Some forms of social communication carried out

by teenagers are communicating through internet

services, known as social media. Statistical data from

APJII in 2019 stated that there were around 171

million internet users in Indonesia, with the majority

of internet users being in the productive age, namely

15-19 years and 20-24 years. And of the 171 million

users or users, 150 million users use it to access social

media. Statistical data from APJII concludes that

internet users in Indonesia are dominated by

productive ages, and data shows that teenagers mostly

access internet services to access social media. Henri

Kasyfi, Secretary General of APJII in the IDN Times

online media in 2018 concluded that most internet

users in Indonesia are only intended to access chat

services such as Line, WhatsApp, We Chat, and

others with a figure of 89.35 percent, and social media

at 87.13 percent for Facebook, Twitter, Instagram,

and several other social media accounts.

Statistical data from APJII concludes that the

percentage of internet users in Indonesia is mostly

dominated by teenagers, using internet services only

as a medium for conversation or chatting on social

media, and not using internet services as a means of

learning by accessing educational information. The

impact of the behavior of teenagers who only use

internet services to chat on social media has a

tendency to abuse these social media services.

Among the forms of abuse of these services is

Cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is an act of bullying

that is carried out by someone using the internet,

based on a site or platform social networking

(Marinun & Riwanto, 2020).

Cyberbullying is a term that added to the OED

(Oxford English Dictionary) dictionary in 2010. This

term is defined as the information technology to bully

people by sending or posting intimidating texts

(Rifauddin, 2016). Cyberbullying is an intentional

and repeated intimidation activity. There are many

forms and types of cyberbullying. Likewise, the

motivations of cyberbullying perpetrators are also

very diverse, such as wanting to get attention, getting

frustrated, wanting revenge, and only just for fun.

According to Willard (Willard, 2007), cyberbullying

is classified according to its type as follows:

 Flaming is sending text messages whose

contents are angry and frontal words. The term flame

refers to ordered words that are fiery.

 Harassment is messages that contain

interference with email, SMS, or text messages in

social media that are carried out continuously.

 Cyber stalking is to annoy and defame

someone intensely to create great fear in that person.

 Denigration is the process of revealing

someone's badness on the internet with the intention

of damaging that person's reputation and good name.

 Impersonation is pretending to be someone

else and sending messages or status that is not good.

 Outing and Trickery, Outing is spreading

other people's secrets or personal photos. Meanwhile,

trickery is to persuade someone with deceit to get

secrets or personal photos of that person.

 Exclusion is intentionally and cruelly

removing someone from an online group.

Found on research conducted by the Ministry of

Communication and Information in collaboration

with UNICEF from 2011 to 2013, released in

February 2014 stated that most teenagers in Indonesia

have become victims of cyberbullying. This study

involved 400 children and adolescents with an age

range of 10-19 years. From this data, 13% of

respondents claimed to be victims of cyberbullying in

the form of insults and threats (Rifauddin, 2016).

The presence of social media has changed the

forms of bullying in such a way. In the past, bullying

was done directly (in the sense of face-to-face), but

now it can be done in the cyber world (without face

to face). This type of bullying takes advantage of the

development of information and communication

technology such as internet facilities, mobile phones,

computers, cameras, video/audio recorders. By

utilizing existing technology, perpetrators can send

messages in the form of text, images or videos that

can be threatening, spread rumour, and terror. This,

of course, can not only embarrass the victim, but can

also hurt the victim because his disgrace becomes

public consumption and is difficult to deal with delete

something that has been uploaded. In this regard,

intentional, often repeated, and hostile behaviour is

intended to harm the victim using information and

communication technology media, most often

through mobile phones and the internet (Kowalski,

Sue Limber, & Agatston, 2008).

Difference between cyberbullying direct and

indirect. Direct cyberbullying includes direct

negative communication between the doer

(perpetrator) and victim, while indirect

cyberbullying, bullying does not lead to the

communication of negative content directly to the

Cyberbullying, Social Media, and Teenagers

victim, but to the public or semi-public audiences via

the internet or cell phones (Elvigro, 2014). Gender

can also affect cyberbullying behaviour. Adolescent

boys are more likely to participate in overall bullying

and to use direct forms of traditional bullying, such as

physical and verbal, whereas women prefer to use

indirect and related forms of intimidation (Barlett &

Coyne, 2014).

Cyberbullying can be experienced by anyone,

including a badminton athlete, Jonatan Christie, or

commonly called Jojo. Jojo is a single Indonesian

badminton athlete who was born in Jakarta on

September 15, 1997. At a young age, he has gained

many achievements in the field of badminton. One of

the achievements he has ever won is a gold medal at

the 2018 Asian Games at Istora Senayan Jakarta. In

that tournament, Jojo won the final round and

celebrated by taking off his shirt after the competition

was over. It reaped many comments on his instagram

account @jonatanchristieofficial regarding his body

shape.

Three forms of cyberbullying can be seen on the

account, namely cyber stalking, harassment, and

flaming. Cyber stalking on the account is in the form

of repeated stalking and commenting. The stalking

done by none other than his fans to get Jojo's

attention. Things to do as installing Jojo's instagram

account notifications in instagram settings and

sharing Jojo's account posts with other friends. And

the harassment on the account is in the form of some

inappropriate comments, such as Instagram followers

who convey their fantasies about Jonathan's physical

shape. The flaming on the summary was a form of

comments with harsh words when Jonathan lost in the

tournament or when Jonathan had not participated in

the event for a long time. Flaming is more often done

by male followers than female followers

(Suryaningrum R. A., 2019).

3.2 The Impact of Cyberbullying on

Teenagers on Social Media

Cyberbullying can have a negative impact on victims,

such as depression, anxiety, discomfort, declining

school achievement, withdrawing in association with

peers, and even suicide attempts. If cyberbullying is

experienced continuously, it can cause severe stress,

lose self-confidence so that it triggers the birth of

actions such as cheating, truancy, leaving the house,

and even drinking alcohol or drugs. Cyberbullying

can also make them moody, always worrying, and

feeling guilty or failing. The most worrying impact is

the thoughts of cyberbullying victims to end their

lives.

Someone who has been a victim of bullying will

usually be a different person from the others. That's

because he has a psychological disorder. Victims of

bullying will also experience various problems in

their lives that can be detrimental in their future.

Bullying will have an impact on its victims in the

future. There are two impacts, namely short-term and

long-term. For the short term impact, people who

experience bullying will usually feel uncomfortable,

isolated, feeling low self-esteem, depression or stress

which can end in suicide. Anxiety also surrounds the

victim of bullying. This is due to feelings of anxiety

about being bullied again by others. Personality plays

an important role in causing anxiety disorders.

Constantly thinking about negative things can also

cause anxiety disorders. Because of that, a person is

always anxious about carrying out daily activities.

Bullying often occurs in schools, dormitories, and

also in society. The long-term impact of bullying is

on the behaviour of its victims. The process of

changing a person's attitude due to being bullied is

very influential, an attitude such as being aloof as if

he feels he is living alone without friends. Bullying in

the long term can also happen to victims of bullying,

namely being a bully. He felt like revenge for what he

had experienced in the past. Victims of bullying who

become perpetrators of this bullying often occur

everywhere. Sometimes the phenomenon of bullying

is underestimated by people or teachers, even though

the impact is very bad. So that they put aside the

impact and the dangers that will come later, both to

the victims of bullying or the perpetrators in the wider

community (Hidayati, 2002).

Cyberbullying has an impact on adolescent

psychology. This is in line with research which found

the impact of cyberbullying on adolescents where

they experienced mood disorders as much as 32%,

depressive symptoms as much as 15% and abnormal

behavior before suicide as many as 37% (Sukmawati

& Kumala, 2020). The research (Fahy, et al., 2016)

shows that there is a relationship between

cyberbullying and mental health. The higher the

prevalence of cyberbullying, the higher the potential

for victims to experience symptoms of depression and

anxiety. This is also supported by research which

showed that there was a relationship between

cyberbullying victimization and mental health such as

suicidal ideation (Desmet, et al., 2014).

And cyberbullying also has an impact on teenager

physicality. Based on the results of research (Triyono

& Rimadani, 2019) showed that victims experienced

various physical impacts such as headaches that did

not wear, insomnia which resulted in disturbed body

health such as drowsiness in the morning, red eyes,

Icometh 2021 - International Conference of Mental Health

loss of appetite, and feeling nauseous. These physical

impacts are related to each other so that the victim is

not good. Based on this, it can be concluded that the

physical impact of cyberbullying on social media in

adolescents is that it is difficult to control mind or

attitudes towards what their friends do. In addition,

the victim's personality type is a thinker, causing a

burden on the mind that affects physical health. This

is in line with research (Navarro, Yubero, & Elisa,

2016) that the impact of cyberbullying is adolescents

experience headaches, stomachaches, sleep

disturbances, fatigue, back pain, loss of appetite, and

digestive problems.

In addition to the psychological and physical

impact on adolescents, cyberbullying also has an

impact on adolescent social life. Suggesting that

victims of cyberbullying have bad experiences in the

form of being scolded by others in the online world,

it can cause a loss of trust in others, or they as victims

will become cyberbullies or continue to be victims

(Beran & Li, 2007). This is in line with research

(Navarro, Yubero, & Elisa, 2016) that cyberbullying

has a negative impact on victims who experience it,

such as having feelings of isolation and loneliness,

isolation and even social rejection.

3.3 How to Deal with Cyberbullying

based on the Perspective of Islam

The history of bullying itself started even hundreds of

thousands of years ago when Neanderthal humans

were replaced by the stronger and more developed

Homo sapiens (Olweus, 1993). From this history, it

can be interpreted that bullying is the behavior of

exploiting the weak from the stronger and more

developed, which is carried out purposively or

purposefully. In Islam, bullying has also existed since

ancient times. One example is what happened at the

time of the prophet Yusuf AS. Prophet Yusuf AS

experienced violence perpetrated by his brothers as

stated in the Qur'an. This started from the jealousy of

the brothers of the prophet Yusuf AS because their

father, the prophet Ya’kub AS more loved the prophet

Yusuf AS and his brother Benjamin. The reason the

prophet Ya’kub AS acted this way because the

prophet Yusuf AS and Benjamin had been abandoned

by their mother when they were little. However, the

special treatment of prophet Ya’kub AS to the

prophet Yusuf AS made his brothers jealous. They

then gathered and planned something to harm the

prophet Yusuf AS. At first one of them planned to kill

the prophet Yusuf AS, but in the end they agreed to

drown him in a well. But before the prophet Yusuf AS

was put into the well, they persecuted the prophet

Yusuf AS first (Az-Zuhaili, 2013).

There is a hadith of the Prophet Muhammad

which tells about his friend, namely Abu Bakr, who

was insulted by people from the Bedouin tribe in the

presence of the Prophet Muhammad. Once upon a

time, someone came to the assembly of the Prophet

Muhammad. Once there, the person without further

ado immediately threw insults and hurtful words to

Abu Bakr who was sitting with the Prophet

Muhammad. At that moment, the Messenger of Allah

was surprised, but he smiled. However, the people

increasingly hurled insults at Abu Bakr. Prophet

Muhammad was silent. For the third time, the man

continued to insult Abu Bakr, and now Abu Bakr

stood up and defended himself against these

presumptuous words. Immediately, the Prophet

Muhammad stood up and was about to leave. There

was a look of disapproval on his face. So Abu Bakr

immediately followed the prophet Muhammad and

asked: "O Messenger of Allah! When that person

insults me, you sit still and remain silent. Why when

I denied it, you got angry and then left? Prophet

Muhammad replied, "Indeed, there was an angel who

defended you when you were silent hearing that

person's insults. But when you objected to that

person, Satan came, and I did not want to sit with the

devil (‘Asy’ath & Sijstani).

Everyone must have experienced the incident of

being insulted by others. In this hadith we are given

an overview of how we can deal with bullying. Do we

fight or be patient and leave everything to Allah

SWT. From this hadith, it can be seen that Islam

teaches us to learn to respond to various kinds of

character of a person. Because a person will know the

nature and character of others if he has plunged into

society and become a part of it. And there will be

many who love it and not a few people will hate it.

Therefore, by learning to respond to the nature and

character of other people, it will also have an impact

on yourself. Including bullying, if someone is able to

react to it, it will have a positive impact both

spiritually and emotionally, not even a few people are

successful or rise from their failures because of

bullying from the people around them. However, if a

person is not able to react to it, he will fall and will

never change.

Basically, the act of cyberbullying can cause

something fatal. Because the cybercrimes contained

in the ITE Law, apart from being categorized in

several forms, of course there are also provisions for

punishment for the perpetrators. For example, there

are actions that intentionally and without rights

spread information aimed at causing hatred or

Cyberbullying, Social Media, and Teenagers

hostility to certain individuals and community groups

based on ethnicity, religion, race and intergroup

(SARA), may be subject to punishment in accordance

with Article 45 paragraph 2, where: “Everyone who

fulfills the elements as referred to in Article 28

paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) shall be sentenced to a

maximum imprisonment of six years and a maximum

fine of one billion rupiah”. But in reality, there are

still many who think that cases of cyberbullying are

only trivial things that can be resolved immediately

without any bad impacts that will occur (Nasrullah,

2014).

As time goes by, the ways in which people bully

other people also develop. Social media is an online

media where users can easily participate, share, and

create content. Bullying using social media is often

known as cyberbullying. This term refers to the use

of information technology to bully people by sending

or posting texts of an intimidating or threatening

nature. Almost all corners of the world have

implemented a ban on bullying and set appropriate

penalties for those who violate it. However, long

before that determination, the Qur'an had explained

the prohibition of bullying. It can be seen in Q.S. al-

Hujurat [49]: 11.

It means:

"O ye who believe! Let not a folk deride a folk

who may be better than they (are), not let women

(deride) women who may be better than they are;

neither defame one another, nor insult one another by

nicknames. Bad is the name of lewdness after faith.

And whoso turned not in repentance, such are evil-

doers”

The verse above explains the prohibition of

making fun of, insulting, mocking, and demeaning

others, especially among believers. In this prohibition

it appears that people who like to find faults and

mistakes of others, will surely forget the faults that

are in themselves.

The act of bullying or cyberbullying involves two

parties, namely the perpetrator and the victim. Both

parties have their own solutions in dealing with it. In

the Qur'an there are explanations about this with

various solutions. For perpetrators, there are a number

of verses that explain the procedures or attitudes that

need to be adhered to so as not to fall into the same

behavior or mistakes. Are as follows:

 First, by increasing fear to Allah SWT it is

found in QS al-A'raf [7]: 201, and QS al-Ahzab [33]:

70-71.

 Second, saying good is found in QS al-

Baqarah [2]: 263 and QS Al-Isra '[17]: 53.

 Third, calling with a good call, is found in QS

Yusuf [12]: 5, Hud [11]: 42, and Luqman [31]: 13.

First, fear Allah as described in QS Al-A'raf [7]:

201. In the Qur'an, there are many verses that describe

fear. However, in this explanation, only a few verses

related to bullying and how to anticipate it will be

mentioned.

"Indeed, those who are pious when they are

afflicted with anxiety from Satan, they remember

Allah, so at that time they will see their faults."

In the previous verse, it is explained that Satan

always seduces and tempts people to turn them away

from the truth. Satan whispers into the human heart

so that it creates negative impulses and makes

humans experience a psychological condition that

leads them to do things that are not commendable

(Shihab, 2002). Then in this verse it is explained

about how to deal with the devil's seduction. The way

to avoid the whispers of the devil is to fear Allah and

remember Allah. Always remembering Allah will

instill in the soul the love of truth and virtue, thereby

weakening negative, or bad tendencies.

Another verse that explains fear and its relation to

bullying is QS al-Ahzab [33]: 70-71. This verse

commands to speak the right words and hit the target.

Redaction 'O you who believe, fear Allah, have the

intention that humans avoid the punishment of Allah

by carrying out His commands and staying away from

His prohibitions. Believers are advised to always

maintain their faith and piety and always speak the

truth. By obeying Allah and His Messenger, you will

get happiness both in this world and in the hereafter.

Second, good words which are the

implementation of one's fear. There are two verses

that will be discussed in this matter, namely in QS al-

Baqarah [2]: 263 and al-Isra '[17]: 53. In QS. al-

Baqarah [2]: 263, there is word which means good

words. Both words are mubtada (subject), while

khabar (predicate) is not mentioned. So it means that

good words are more important and better. It could

also be that these two words are khabar (predicate)

from mubtada the mahdzuf (not mentioned). So what

you are commanded is to use kind words. The

sentence spoken is a prayer, hope and request to Allah

SWT then speak kind words.

While in QS al-Isra '[17]: 53, Allah ordered the

Messenger of Allah to tell all his servants to say better

words when talking or arguing with polytheists or

others, so that they do not use harsh words and insults

that will cause hatred, but let's use the right words and

contain good lessons.

Third, call with a good call to anyone. This is

explained in QS Yusuf [12]: 5, Hud [11]: 42, and QS

Luqman [31]: 13. These verses were chosen because

of the use of the word 'ya bunayya', one of the most

polite sentences exemplified in the Qur'an. The word

Icometh 2021 - International Conference of Mental Health

bunayya is a form of tashghir (minimizing) of the

word my son. Among other things, this form is used

to describe affection, because affection is usually

bestowed on children, especially those who are still

small. Errors are tolerated, at least on the basis that

they are considered minor. This reduction is used to

describe intimacy, such as when the Prophet

Muhammad SAW called one of his companions by

the name of Abu Hurairah. The word Hurairah is a

reduced form of the word hirrah, namely cat, because

at that time the person concerned was playing with a

cat (Shihab, 2002).

The solutions for victims of bullying based on the

perspective of Islam include being patient with the

ridicule they receive and not responding to them.

Among the verses that discuss it is QS al-Muzammil

[73]:10 and QS al-Furqan [25]: 63. In QS al-

Muzammil [73] explained about the command to be

patient for the prophet Muhammad SAW, because he

was often ridiculed and even hurt when preaching.

Then Allah ordered, in addition to surrendering and

trying to be patient with all the falsehoods and lies

that the polytheists always do and say. And leave

them in a beautiful way so that they do not feel that

you are hostile to them and at the same time you do

not sacrifice your duties and principles.

In QS al-Furqan [25]: 63 it is explained about the

servants of ar-Rahman, namely people who always

walk on the earth with gentleness, humility, and full

of authority. One of the forms of weakness in their

hearts is their attitude towards ignorant people. In this

verse as well and the following verses explain the

characteristics of a good and true Muslim. When

ignorant people greet them, they respond by greeting

them, and if someone says inappropriate or indecent

words towards them, they do not reply with similar

words. However, they answered with kind words and

contained advice and hope that Allah would guide

them.

Hasan al-Basri explained that believers are always

generous and never speak harsh words. When they are

given words that are not polite, they are not

emotional, and do not reply with words that are not

polite either. Then, in case of prolonged quarrels and

disputes, every believer must prevent them. One way

is to eradicate it by repaying a bad action with a good

one so that the person who did the bad action will be

ashamed and realize that they did something

inappropriate (Al-Qurthubi, 2009).

The Qur'an does not explicitly explain the word

bullying. It's just that the act of hurting others, making

fun of, mocking and criticizing are actions that are

similar to the term bullying. Some of these actions in

the Qur'an include demeaning, insulting or making

fun of, criticizing, doing arbitrarily and making

trouble for others. The form of bullying that the

author examines is that which leads to verbal or non-

physical bullying that occurs through social media.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Along with the times, technological advances are also

increasingly sophisticated, especially in the use of

communication media facilities. In Indonesia, the

most widely used communication media is social

media. Social media provides many conveniences for

its users, one of which can make it easier for someone

to interact wherever he is. However, behind this

convenience, social media can also have a negative

impact if it is not used wisely. One example is

cyberbullying that occurs in teenagers in Indonesia.

Cyberbullying can have a negative impact on victims

as well as perpetrators. This impact has a huge impact

on a person's life, both psychologically, physically,

and socially. In addition to victims, perpetrators also

feel the impact that perpetrators can be criminally

prosecuted based on Law Number 11 of 2008

concerning Information and Electronic Transactions

(UU ITE). The act of bullying or cyberbullying

involves two parties, namely the perpetrator and the

victim. Both parties have their own solutions on how

to deal with it. The way to respond to cyberbullying

is to increase fear to Allah SWT., say good things, and

call with good calls. As for the victim, it is by being

patient with the ridicule received and not responding

to it.

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