Effect of Reducing Fertilizer Application Models on Nutrient Use
Efficiencies of Wheat in Rice-wheat Cropping System
Hanfeng Xiong
1
, Yousheng Xiong
2,
*
, Yanlong Guo
3
, Wei Liu
2
, Yuanyuan Xie
2
, Jianxiong Zhou
2
and Lijun Yang
2
1
Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
2
Ezhou Vocational University, Ezhou, China
3
Agricultural Sciences Institute of Ezhou City, Ezhou, China
*
Corresponding author
Keywords: Nutrient Use Efficiency, Reducing Fertilizer Application Modes, Rice-wheat Cropping System, Wheat.
Abstract: In order to explore the effects of different reducing fertilizer application modes on nutrient use efficiency of
wheat in rice-wheat cropping system to provide theoretical basis for achieving high efficient application of
chemical fertilizer and its zero increase in China, this paper carried out 3 years field positioning experiment
of rice-wheat cropping system. The experiment set 6 treatments including no fertilizer(T1), conventional
chemical fertilization (T2), combined application of organic; manure and chemical fertilizer (T3), reducing
20% Chemical fertilizer plus increasing nitrogen fertilizer synergist application (T4), reducing 20% chemical
phosphorus fertilizer long with phosphorus activator application (T5), and reducing 20% chemical nitrogen
fertilizer and 20% Chemical phosphorus fertilizer along with nitrogen fertilizer synergist plus phosphorus
activator application (T6). The results showed that T4 treatment was beneficial to enhance the nitrogen
absorption capacity of wheat, improve the nitrogen absorption efficiency, enhance the nitrogen use efficiency,
improve the potassium use efficiency; T5 treatment could significantly increase the total phosphorus uptake,
phosphorus uptake efficiency, partial productivity and absorption efficiency of wheat. T6 treatment could
significantly improve the nitrogen absorption capacity, phosphorus partial productivity and potassium use
efficiency of wheat. T3 treatment had no significant effect on the absorption and utilization of nitrogen and
phosphorus in wheat, and significantly reduced the partial productivity of potassium in wheat. In conclusion,
theT6 treatment was beneficial to coordinate nutrient uptake and stabilize wheat yield. It could be a preference
pattern for reducing fertilizer application and increasing efficiency in rice-wheat cropping system at the
Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River and with similar ecological conditions.
1 INTRODUCTION
Fertilizer synergist is one of the effective means to
reduce the amount of fertilizer and improve the
utilization rate of fertilizer. In recent years, there have
been reports on the application of different kinds of
fertilizer synergist in corn
(Wang 2015), cotton (Xu
2018), rice (Wu 2012) and other crops. Studies (He
2011) have shown that the application of fertilizer
synergist can reduce the amount of fertilizer, simplify
the method of fertilization, reduce the cost of
fertilization, reduce chemical fertilizer pollution and
protect the environment. Influenced by climatic
conditions and soil fertility, the effect of reduced
fertilization may vary regionally. This study carried
out in Ezhou of Hubei province three-year positioning
rice-wheat rotation reduction fertilization field
experiment, the different modes of reduced
fertilization on rice and wheat yield and nutrient
absorption use, in order to provide theoretical and
technical basis of rice-wheat rotation.
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Test Design
The experiment set 6 treatments including no
fertilizer(T1), conventional chemical fertilization
(T2), combined application of organic; manure and
chemical fertilizer (T3), reducing 20% Chemical
fertilizer plus increasing nitrogen fertilizer synergist
348
Xiong, H., Xiong, Y., Guo, Y., Liu, W., Xie, Y., Zhou, J. and Yang, L.
Effect of Reducing Fertilizer Application Models on Nutrient Use Efficiencies of Wheat in Rice-wheat Cropping System.
DOI: 10.5220/0011371200003444
In Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Healthcare (CAIH 2021), pages 348-352
ISBN: 978-989-758-594-4
Copyright
c
 2022 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved

application (T4), reducing 20% chemical phosphorus
fertilizer along with phosphorus activator application
(T5), and reducing 20% chemical nitrogen fertilizer
and 20% Chemical phosphorus fertilizer along with
nitrogen fertilizer synergist plus phosphorus activator
application (T6) . Fertilization was shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Different fertilizer application models for rice-wheat cropping experiment (kg/hm
2
).
Treatment Chemical fertilizer(kg/hm
2
)
N P
2
O
5
K
2
O
Organic
Fertilizer
(kg/hm
2
)
Nitrogen
fertilizer
synergist
(kg/hm
2
)
Phosphorus
Activator
(kg/hm
2
)
T1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0
T2 180.0 105.0 120.0 0 0 0
T3 180.0 105.0 120.0 1500 0 0
T4 144.0 105.0 120.0 1500 1.67 0
T5 180.0 84.0 120.0 1500 0 225.0
T6 144.0 84.0 120.0 1500 1.67 225.0
2.2 Sample Collection and Analysis
The grain and straw samples were bagged and put into
an oven and dried to a constant weight at 80℃, after
crushing and sieving, use concentrated H
2
SO
4
-H
2
0
2
to
discook. The content of nitrogen and phosphorus was
determined by flow injection analyzer, and the
content of potassium was determined by flame
photometer
(Bao 2000).
2.3 Computational Formula
Nutrient index calculation method (Wang 2017) is as
follows:
Total uptake amount kg/hm
2
= Sum of the dry
weight of each organ x Nutrient content; Partial factor
productivity kg/kg = Crop yield/ fertilizing amount;
Uptake efficiency kg /kg = Total nutrient uptake/
fertilizing amount; Use efficiency kg/kg = Grain
yield/total nutrient uptake.
3 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
3.1 Effects of Different Fertilizer
Application Models on Nitrogen
Uptake and Utilization in Wheat
As can be seen from Figure1 and Figure2, in 2018,
the total nitrogen uptake of T4 was significantly
higher than that of other treatments, while the total
nitrogen uptake of aboveground was also different
among treatments T2, T3, T5 and T6. The total
nitrogen uptake of T5 treatment was the highest in
2019 and 2020, which increased by 9.22% and 20.7%
compared with T2, respectively. The total nitrogen
uptake of T4 in 2020 was significantly higher than
that of T2. In 2018 and 2020, the nitrogen absorption
efficiency of T4 and T6 treatment was significantly
higher than that of T2 treatment. In 2019, the nitrogen
absorption efficiency of T5 and T6 treatment was
significantly higher than that of T2 treatment. The
nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen partial
productivity of T5 and T6 treatment were
significantly higher than that of T2 treatment for 3
years. In 2018 and 2020, the N use efficiency and N
partial productivity of T4 treatment were significantly
higher than that of T2 treatment.
Figure 1: Effect of different treatments on nitrogen uptake and utilization of wheat in the three year at rice-wheat cropping
system.
a
c
b
c
bc
b
a
c
b
b
c
bc
a
b
b
b
bc
b
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
Total N uptake kg/hm
2
2018
2019
2020
a
a
b
a
b
a
a
a
b
b
a
a
b
b
b
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
N upta ke effi ci ency Kg/Kg
2018
2019
2020
Effect of Reducing Fertilizer Application Models on Nutrient Use Efficiencies of Wheat in Rice-wheat Cropping System
349

Figure 2: Effect of different treatments on nitrogen utilization of wheat in the three year at rice-wheat cropping system.
3.2 Effects of Different Fertilizer
Application Models on Phosphorus
Uptake and Utilization in Wheat
As can be seen from Figure3 and Figure4, compared
with CK, fertilization (T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6)
significantly increased the total phosphorus uptake
from wheat shoots. In 2018, T4 treatment increased
the total phosphorus uptake in wheat shoots by
11.75% compared with T2 treatment. In 2019, T5 and
T6 treatments increased the total phosphorus uptake
in wheat shoots significantly higher than T2
treatments. The phosphorus absorption efficiency of
T5 treatment for 3 years was significantly higher than
that of T2 treatment. In 2019, the phosphorus
absorption efficiency of T6 treatment was also
significantly higher than that of T2 treatment. In 2018
and 2019, the P partial productivity of T5 and T6
treatments was significantly higher than that of T2
treatment. In 2020, the P partial productivity of T6
treatment was also significantly higher than that of T2
treatment, and the P partial productivity of T5
treatment was 12.18% higher than that of T2
treatment.
Figure 3: Effect of different treatments on phosphorus uptake and utilization of wheat in the three year at rice-wheat
cropping system.
Figure 4: Effect of different treatments on phosphorus utilization of wheat in the three year at rice-wheat cropping system.
3.3 Effects of Different Fertilizer
Application Models on Potassium
Uptake and Utilization in Wheat
As can be seen from Figure5 and Figure6, the total
uptake of potassium in the shoot of wheat in each
fertilization treatment was significantly higher than
that in the control treatment (T1). Total potassium
uptake and uptake efficiency in T5 treatment was
significantly higher than that in T2 treatment in 2018
and 2019. In 3 years, potassium utilization efficiency
of T6 treatment was significantly higher than that of
T2 treatment. In 2018, the potassium utilization
efficiency of T4 treatment was significantly higher
than that of T2 treatment. In 2019, the partial
a
b
b
b
b
a
a
b
a
b
a
a
a
a
a
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
N us e effi ci enc yKg/Kg
2018
2019
2020
a
a
b
a
b
a
a
b
b
b
aa
b
ab
ab
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
N partial factor productivity kg/kg
2018
2019
2020
a
b
b
b
b
b
a
b
b
b
b
b
a
b
b
b
b
b
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
Total P uptake kg/hm
2
2018
2019
2020
a
a
a
ab
a
a
a
a
b
b
a
a
a
ab
a
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
P upta ke effi ciency Kg/Kg
2018
2019
2020
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
b
b
b
a
a
a
a
a
0.00
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
600.00
700.00
800.00
900.00
T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
P use effi ciency
2018
2019
2020
a
a
a
b
b
a
a
a
b
b
a
a
a
ab
b
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
P partial factor productivity kg/kg
2018
2019
2020
CAIH 2021 - Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Healthcare
350

productivity of potassium in T6 treatment was
significantly higher than that in T2 treatment.
Compared with T2 treatment, T3 treatment
significantly reduced the partial productivity of
potassium in wheat.
Figure 5 Effect of different treatments on potassium uptake and utilization of wheat in the three year at rice-wheat cropping
system.
Figure 6: Effect of different treatments on potassium utilization of wheat in the three year at rice-wheat cropping system.
4 CONCLUSION AND
DISCUSSION
Nutrient uptake is an important parameter to measure
crop growth. Tian X Y (2006) found that the total
amount of urea combined with nitrogen fertilizer
synergist could significantly improve the agronomic
efficiency, physiological efficiency and nitrogen use
efficiency of nitrogen. Yi Q (2010) showed in his
study that rice and wheat yield did not decrease under
the treatment of 20%-30% nitrogen reduction, while
nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen agronomy use
efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity increased
in the current season. The results of this study showed
that the reduced fertilizer treatment combined with
nitrogen synergist was beneficial to enhance the
nitrogen absorption capacity of wheat, improve the
nitrogen absorption efficiency, and enhance the
nitrogen utilization efficiency. The reason may be
that fertilizer synergist can improve the utilization
rate of fertilizer.
Phosphorus uptake and utilization by plants are
affected by various factors. Some studies (Cai
2018,
Zhan
2017) believed that Haoda fertilizer synergist
could promote the absorption of nutrients by radish
and Chinese cabbage, and improve the efficiency
coefficient of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
nutrients in radish and Chinese cabbage. The results
showed that the reduced fertilizer treatment with
phosphorus synergist could significantly increase the
total phosphorus uptake, phosphorus uptake
efficiency, phosphorus partial productivity and
absorption efficiency of wheat. This is consistent with
the previous research results of our research group
(Liu 2018). The reason may be that the synergist can
stimulate crop growth and promote nutrient
absorption, reduce the degradation of phosphorus in
the soil, enhance the growth of crop root system, and
comprehensively regulate the absorption and
utilization of nutrient elements in crops, so as to
improve the utilization rate of fertilizer.
The crop demand for potassium is high (Liu
2006). Xu M
(2018) showed that the synergist could
promote the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus
and potassium nutrients in the shoot of cotton plant
and promote the utilization of nutrients in chemical
fertilizers. The results of this study indicated that
reduced fertilization combined with synergist could
significantly improve K utilization efficiency and K
partial productivity. This is consistent with the
research results of others (Yang 2015). This may be
the synergistic effect that leads to the improvement of
phosphorus and potassium utilization.
a
b
c
b
b
b
a
b
b
b
b
b
a
b
b
b
b
b
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
Total K uptake kg/hm
2
2018
2019
2020
a
b
a
ab
a
a
a
a
ab
ab
ab
a
a
a
a
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
K uptake effi ci ency Kg/Kg
2018
2019
2020
b
a
b
b
b
a
a
b
a
b
a
b
b
b
b
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
K us e effi ci ency
2018
2019
2020
b
b
b
b
a
a
a
b
b
b
a
a
a
a
a
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
K partial factor productivity kg/kg
2018
2019
2020
Effect of Reducing Fertilizer Application Models on Nutrient Use Efficiencies of Wheat in Rice-wheat Cropping System
351

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was financially supported by The China Key
Research and Development Program of the 13th Five-Year
Plan (2018YFD0200506)
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