Analysis of the Role and Position of Women in Gampong

Government Structures

Ilka Sandela and Nila Trisna

Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Teuku Umar University,Meureubo, Aceh Barat, 23615, Indonesia

Keywords: Roles and positions, women, gampong structure.

Abstract: Balance in a government structure, including gampong government will be created when women are also

involved in the structure of government. There are certain things and problems that require the role of women

and cannot be replaced by men. Based on this, it is necessary to study further about what positions women

can occupy in gampong government structures and how the role and position of women in the gampong

system of government. This research is qualitative research using descriptive methods. The results showed

that the position in the gampong structure that can be occupied by women included keuchik, tuha peut, tuha

lapan, staff elements, regional elements and some implementing elements such as keujruen blang. The role

that can be done by women in gampong government structures is to occupy the position of gampong

government structure, participate in solving problems customarily at the gampong level, bridging women's

ideas and aspirations, advising and input in the preparation of gampong reusam, engaging in decision making

/ deliberation in gampong, and participating in sparking gampong development ideas according to needs. As

for position, women have the same position as men, both in filling certain positions in gampong structures,

and in the process of undergoing gampong government.

1 INTRODUCTION

In a system of government both high and low levels,

it requires a structure in order to run properly. With

the structure, the goals of the association can be easily

achieved. Aceh is one of the areas that has privileges

in the field of organizing religious life and indigenous

life. This is as stated in Article 16 paragraph (2) of

Law No. 11 of 2006 concerning the Government of

Aceh, that the implementation of Aceh's privileges

includes: a) the implementation of religious life in the

form of the implementation of Islamic sharia for its

adherents in Aceh while maintaining harmony of

interfaith life; b) the implementation of customary life

that is based on islam; c) the implementation of

quality education and adding local content materials

in accordance with Islamic sharia; d) the role of

scholars in the determination of Aceh policy; and e)

the implementation and management of hajj in

accordance with the laws and regulations.

Aceh as an area that has privileges in the

implementation of customary life, of course,

increasingly provides opportunities for the people of

Aceh to implement various customary provisions

including in the resolution of disputes in gampong.

The word gampong is a term in Acehnese which

means Village. Gampong in acehnese community is a

unity of customary territory consisting of several

jurong or hamlet. Jurong or hamlet is a term for

gampong parts that are separated from each other by

a jurong or hamlet.

Provisions relating to the gampong government in

Aceh, regulated in Qanun Aceh Number 5 of 2003

concerning gampong government. In the gampong

government system in Aceh there are several

structures including, keuchik, imuem meunasah, tuha

peut, tuha lapan, and other village devices. Keuchik

is the head of the gampong indigenous peoples'

alliance in charge of organizing gampong

government, preserving customs and customary law,

and maintaining security, harmony, peace and order

of the community. Imeum Meunasah is a person who

leads community activities in gampong related to the

field of Islamic religion, implementation and

enforcement of Islamic shari'a. As for tuha peut

gampong or other names are elements of gampong

government that function as gampong consultative

bodies. While tuha eightan or other names are

customary institutions at the mukim and gampong

levels that serve to help the mukim and keuchik

Sandela, I. and Trisna, N.

Analysis of the Role and Position of Women in Gampong Government Structures.

DOI: 10.5220/0011510100003460

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Social and Political Development (ICOSOP 2022) - Human Security and Agile Government, pages 53-58

ISBN: 978-989-758-618-7; ISSN: 2975-8300

imeum or other names. Other gampong devices

consist of staff elements, executing elements and

region elements.

A good gampong government structure is a

government structure in which there is a balance of

positions between men and women. This means that

in the structure is not only dominated by men, but also

there are positions of women who help run gampong

government.

In community life in the gampong government

can not be separated from various problems, both

household problems, disputes, shared property,

disputes and others. Various problems within the

scope of gampong are recommended to be solved at

the Gampong level first. This is in accordance with

the provisions in Article 13 Qanun Aceh Number 9 of

2008 concerning the Development of Customary

Life, that there are 18 cases that can be solved first

customarily in gampong. The 18 cases consist of

disputes in the household; disputes between families

relating to faraidh; disputes between citizens;

perverted khalwat; disputes over property rights; theft

in the family (minor theft); disputes of property

worthwhile; minor theft; theft of pet livestock;

violations of customs concerning livestock,

agriculture, and forests; disputes at sea; disputes in

the market; mild persecution; forest burning (on a

small scale that harms indigenous communities);

harassment, slander, hasut, and defamation;

environmental pollution (light scale); threaten to

threaten (depending on the type of threat); and other

disputes that violate customs and customs.

From this it can be known that many problems can

be solved at the gampong level. Of course, in this case

it requires the ability of keuchik and gampong

devices. Not only the ability of keuchik, in solving

problems in gampong also requires the role of

women, especially problems related to children,

women's problems, and households. Balance in the

gampong government system is created when women

are also involved in their activities. There are things

and problems that in their solution cannot be replaced

by men.

Based on the description above, it can be known

that women have an important position in the process

of government in gampong. Therefore, it is necessary

to study further about what positions women can

occupy in gampong government structures and how

the role and position of women in the gampong

system of government.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Wowem’s Roles and Positions

In the social system position and role are standard

elements and have significance in the layer system.

The social system referred to here is the patterns that

regulate mutual relations between individuals in

society and between individuals with society, and the

behavior of the individual itself. Based on the

Dictionary of The Great Indonesian (KBBI) position

is interpreted as, place of residence, where the

employee (association manager) lives to do his work

or position, the location or place of an object, level or

dignity, actual condition (about matters), status

(condition or level of person, body or State).

According to Shanty Delyana, position (status) is

a collection of certain rights and obligations

possessed by a person in facing or interacting with

others, while what is meant by role (role) is behavior

that is realized in accordance with the rights and

obligations of a certain position. Meanwhile,

according to Soerjono Soekanto, position (status) is

the place or position of a person in a social group or

it can be said that the position is a person's place in

general in society with respect to others, in the sense

of his social environment, and his rights and

obligations"

With regard to women, the position of women

greatly affects the role that a woman can perform as

well as that the position of women is influenced by

her role in an effort to improve her position. In

general, the position and role of women can be

divided as follows.

a. women as wives and housewives and

families, which are referred to as internal

functions

b. women as citizens and members of society

engaged in socio-economic and political life,

which can be referred to as extern functions.

The term role tends to be associated with a

person's status or position or position. According to

Soekanto, the role or role (role) is a dynamic aspect

of position (status). When a person exercises his

rights and obligations in accordance with his position

then he performs a role. Everyone has various roles

that come from the patterns of his life association.

The role determines what he does for the community

and what opportunities the community provides to

him. The importance of the role is because it regulates

a person's behavior. The role of causing a person to

be at certain limits one can analyze the deeds of

others. The person concerned will be able to adjust

ICOSOP 2022 - International Conference on Social and Political Development 4

his own behavior to the behavior of the people of his

group. Social relationships that exist in society are

relationships between the roles of individuals in

society. Roles are governed by applicable norms. A

person occupies a position in society and performs a

role.

Women have the same opportunities as men to be

involved in the social world. Women become an

element of society that should not be ignored for their

involvement. Women's literacy in social structures

is the right of women's human rights to be able to take

part in customary social structures.

2.2 Gampong Governance Structure

Gampong government is the embodiment or unity of

geography, social, economic, political, and culture

that exists in an area, in relation and influence

reciprocally with other regions. The main purpose of

organizing gampong government is to increase

development in public services and advance the

gampong economy. Basically, there are three main

missions for the implementation of gampong

government, namely: improving the quality and

quantity of public service development and

community welfare, creating efficiency and

effectiveness of Human Resource management, and

empowering and creating space for communities to

participate in the development process.

In the Indonesian constitutional system, gampong

is a subsystem of local government under the

subsystem of national government, gampong is the

lowest government administrative unit with the right

of autonomy based on origin and customs, to maintain

the implementation of gampong government then it is

necessary to foster and supervise gampong

government.

Badruzzaman Ismail, et al (In Puteh, 2012) said

that "gampong is an area that has people with their

own government. He also added that a gampong also

has an order of rules, wealth and territorial

boundaries. Gampong has full authority to develop its

customs and customs, even functioning to organize

customary justice in accordance with the customary

order they have."

Gampong governance structure is an activity

related to the functions of a group body that

establishes the relationship between groups that

perform tasks and is designed in accordance with the

development of existing group organizations.

Gampong government will not succeed if it is not

managed by gampong leaders who are highly

dedicated, skilled, responsible, and have a far-sighted

view in realizing a prosperous, safe and peaceful

gampong society so that the economy is well and the

community can feel the positive impact.

3 RESEARCH METHOD

This research is qualitative research with descriptive

methods. Narbuko and Achmadi, provide descriptive

research as research that seeks to explain the current

problem solving based on data, analyzing, and

interpreting; It can also be complementary and

correlative.

The data used in this study is secondary data.

According to Hasan (2002) secondary data is data

obtained by people who conduct research from

existing sources. Secondary data is data obtained

from literature studies, documents, newspapers, the

internet related to the study of this article. To analyze

the data in this study, steps or flows that occur

simultaneously, namely data collection, data

reduction, data presentation and conclusions.

4 RESEARCH RESULTS

4.1 Gampong Government Structures

That Can Be Occupied by Women

Gampong is a unitary legal society that has the lowest

government organization directly under Mukim or

other names that occupy a certain territory, led by

keuchik or other names and has the right to conduct

its own household affairs. Based on Article 4 Qanun

Aceh Number 5 of 2003 concerning gampong

government states that gampong has a function in the

implementation of government, both based on the

principle of decentralization, deconcentration and

affairs of assistance duties and all other government

affairs located in gampong; implementation of

development, both physical development and

environmental preservation and spiritual mental

development in Gampong; community development

in the fields of education, tinsel, socio-culture, peace

and order of the community in gampong; increased

implementation of Islamic Shari'ah; increase the

acceleration of service to the community; settlement

of legal disputes in the event of disputes or customary

matters and customs in gampong.

gampong has structures in managing the

government, including keuchik, tuha peut, imum

meunasah and gampong devices. Gampong devices

consist of staff elements, implementing elements and

territory elements. The staff element is the gampong

Analysis of the Role and Position of Women in Gampong Government Structures

secretariat, which is headed by a gampong secretary

who in the implementation of his duties, assisted by

several staff, such as: 1) Head of Government Affairs;

2) Head of Planning and Development Affairs; 3)

Head of Aceh Speciality and Social Welfare; 4) Head

of Public Order and Tranquility; 5) Head of Women

Empowerment Affairs; 6) Head of Youth Affairs; 7)

Head of Public Affairs; 8) Head of Financial Affairs.

As for the implementing element, it is a functional

technical implementer who carries out certain tasks in

accordance with the needs, abilities and socio-

economic and socio-cultural conditions of the

community, such as: tuha adat, keujruen blang,

seuneubok peutua, pawang laot, haria peukan,

syahbanda and other technical elements in

accordance with gampong needs. While the elements

of the keuchik auxiliary area in the Gampong area,

namely the head of the Hamlet / Head of Jurong or

other names in accordance with local customs.

The various gampong structures mentioned

above, the positions that can be occupied by women

include:

1. Keuchik

Keuchik is one of the positions in the gampong

structure that can be occupied by women. This can be

seen from the requirements to become a keuchik as

stated in Article 17 Qanun Aceh Number 5 of 2003

concerning Gampong Government. A person can

become a keuchik is an Indonesian Citizen who meets

the following requirements.

a. obey in practicing the Islamic Shari'ah

correctly and earnestly;

b. loyal to the Unitary State of the Republic of

Indonesia or the legitimate Government;

c. have lived in Gampong for at least five years

continuously;

d. have been at least 25 (twenty-five) years old

and as high as 60 (sixty) years old at the time

of nomination;

e. educated at least First Level Advanced School

or knowledgeable equivalent;

f. physically and spiritually healthy;

g. manifestly not being disturbed soul / memory;

h. behaving well, honest and fair and being firm,

wise and wise;

i. never be deprived of the right to vote based on

a Court Decision that has had permanent legal

force;

j. never in prison, probationary confinement for

committing a criminal offense;

k. know the geographical conditions,

socioeconomic conditions and socio-cultural

conditions of gampong and are widely known

by the local community;

l. understand well Qanun, reusam and customs

and never commit acts that violate these

customs and customs;

m. willing to run or be nominated by another

party.

From the above requirements there is no provision

that must be male to become a keuchik. Thus it can

be understood that women have the opportunity and

can occupy a position as a keuchik in gampong.

2. Tuha Peut

Tuha peut is a gampong representative agency

consisting of elements of scholars, indigenous

figures, community leaders including youth and

women, as well as clever in Gampong. Another term

tuha peut gampong, is gampong consultative body,

which serves to protect customs, make gampong rules

and channel people's aspirations.

From this understanding, it can be known that in

tuha peut devices there is a female element, so it can

be known that the position of tuha peut can also be

occupied by women.

3. Tuha Lapan

Tuha lapan is an indigenous institution at the

gampong level and serves to help keuchik. Based on

Article 21 paragraph (3) of Qanun Aceh concerning

Number 10 of 2008 that tuha eight consists of

elements of tuha peut or other names and several

people represent areas of expertise in accordance with

gampong needs. In accordance with the function of

the tuha lapan to help keuchik, the position of the

eight tuha can also be occupied by women.

4. Staff Element

The staff element is the gampong secretariat, and

assisted by staff consisting of heads of affairs of

various fields in gampong can also be filled by

women. Women can fill positions as gampong

secretaries, heads of government affairs, planning and

development, privileges, youth, finance and others.

5. Region elements

The element of territory is the keuchik helper

called the hamlet head / head of jurong. In a gampong,

the territory is further divided in the form of hamlets.

The head of each hamlet is called the head of the

hamlet. For the position of the head of the hamlet can

be occupied by women.

The gampong structure in the form of

implementing elements, consisting of tuha adat,

keujruen blang, seuneubok peutua, panglima laot,

haria peukan, and syahbanda did not mention the

requirements including provisions on whether it

should be male or female, both in Qanun Aceh

Number 5 of 2003 concerning Gampong Government

and Qanun Aceh Number 10 of 2008 concerning

Customary Institutions. Therefore, it can be

ICOSOP 2022 - International Conference on Social and Political Development 4

concluded that because it is not mentioned in the

provisions of the laws and regulations, the position of

the implementing element can be filled by both men

and women. However, in reality the position is more

commonly dominated by men than women. However,

it does not rule out the possibility of women filling it

such as the position of keujruen blang in gampong

Cot Puuk, Gandapura District, Bireun Regency,

Aceh.

Gampong structure in the form of Imuem

meunasah, generally filled by men because imuem

meunasah has the task and carry out the function of

leading religious activities, increasing worship,

increasing religious education for children /

adolescents and the community, leading all activities

related to the prosperity of meunasah / Mushalla and

other activities related to the implementation of

Islamic Shari'a in people's lives.

4.2 The Role and Position of Women in

Gampong Governance Structures

Women have an important role in gampong

governance structures. By involving women,

gampong government becomes balanced and the

development carried out is more equitable. Some of

the roles of women in gampong governance structures

include:

1. Occupying the position of gampong

government structure, such as keuchik, tuha peut,

tuha lapan, staff elements and others.

2. Participate in the resolution of problems

customarily at the gampong level, especially

problems related to women and children.

3. Bridging all the ideas and aspirations of the

women in gampong.

4. Give advice and input in the preparation of

reusam gampong

5. Involved in decision making/deliberation in

gampong.

6. Participate in sparking gampong development

ideas according to needs.

As for the position, referring to Qanun Aceh

Number 5 of 2003 concerning the Gampong

Government, that women have the same position as

men in gampong structures. Women have the same

opportunity to occupy important positions in

gampong structures such as keuchik, tuha peut, tuha

lapan and others. In addition, women are also

involved in the deliberation and resolution of certain

disputes at the gampong level.

5 CONCLUSION

5.1 Conclusion

Based on the description in the previous sub-chapter,

it can be concluded that the position in the gampong

structure that can be occupied by women consists of

keuchik, tuha peut, tuha lapan, staff elements,

regional elements and some implementing elements

such as keujruen blang. The role that can be done by

women in gampong government structures is to

occupy the position of gampong government

structure, participate in solving problems customarily

at the gampong level, bridging women's ideas and

aspirations, advising and input in the preparation of

gampong reusam, engaging in decision making /

deliberation in gampong, and participating in

sparking gampong development ideas according to

needs. As for position, women have the same position

as men, both in filling certain positions in gampong

structures, and in the process of undergoing gampong

government.

5.2 Suggestions

From the results of the study, it is recommended that

in the provisions of laws and regulations such as

Qanun Number 5 of 2003 concerning gampong

government, to include more details related to the

positions that women can occupy and list the

requirements of each gampong structure such as

keujruen blang, panglima laot, haria peukan, and

others.

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