Introduction of a Modern Management Model of Energy-saving

Technologies at Enterprises

R. H. Bekmurzayeva

, R. K. Ashuralieva

and G. U. Magomedbekov

Chechen State University named after A.A. Kadyrov, Russia, Grozny

Dagestan State Technical University, Makhachkala, Russia

Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia

Keywords: Energy saving, energy efficiency, digital economy, energy sector, global economy, technology.

Abstract: The article examines global trends in the energy sector in the information society. 4 stages of the formation

of the concept of energy saving as a global trend in the historical concept are highlighted. The architectonics

of the formation of models of energy development of the 4th investment cycle is defined as the interrelation

of two models of the development of energy-efficient technologies "Energy Efficiency +" and "New

Paradigm". The directions of implementation of these models as ensuring sustainable socio-economic

development at all hierarchical levels of the economy are determined: consumers, enterprises, countries, the

whole world. The drivers of the development of the "Energy Efficiency +" technology are: the dominance of

centralized energy; the development of trigeneration; the development of dispersed generation; economically

sound innovations; the development of smart energy models in individual clusters (Smart Grid). The

definition of the energy efficiency criterion is proposed based on the Best-in-Class methodology and an

attributive approach in order to realize the potential.

1 INTRODUCTION

The introduction of new engineering and design

solutions in energy supply systems, which provide for

the integrated use of renewable energy sources, will

solve an important economic and scientific and

technical problem of reducing the consumption of

traditional fuel and energy resources for domestic

enterprises. This corresponds to the Energy Strategy

of Russia for the period up to 2035 (Order ..., 2020)

and other legislative documents. However, a complex

of issues related to the definition of the domestic

specifics of the introduction of a modern model of

energy-saving technologies among economic agents

requires in-depth analysis and methodological

clarification. It is becoming increasingly difficult for

energy companies to determine which set of

communication tools is effective for creating long-

term relationships in the market and achieving

optimal influence on the consumer.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5936-7235

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4281-1608

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2238-505X

It should be noted that recently there has been an

increasing interest among scientists and practitioners

in the existing problems of the development of the

energy sector, as evidenced by the appearance of

numerous publications. In modern conditions, the

problem of rational use of energy resources is

becoming increasingly important at all hierarchical

levels: consumers; enterprises; countries; the whole

world.

The need to introduce the concept of energy

conservation as a factor of social development is

considered in the literature from different angles:

saving natural resources (Mady, 2020),

environmental pollution (Di Somma, 2015),

competitiveness of individual companies (Griffiths,

2015), industries and states (Lieder, 2018), the

welfare of society (MacElroy, 2016), Energy security

(Zolotukhin, 2017). Despite numerous studies and the

practical significance of the results obtained, it should

be noted that such issues remain insufficiently

studied: global trends of the fourth investment cycle

Bekmurzayeva, R., Ashuralieva, R. and Magomedbekov, G.

Introduction of a Modern Management Model of Energy-saving Technologies at Enterprises.

DOI: 10.5220/0011554600003524

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Methods, Models, Technologies for Sustainable Development (MMTGE 2022) - Agroclimatic Projects and Carbon Neutrality, pages

57-61

ISBN: 978-989-758-608-8

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

in the energy sector; formation of energy

development models; conditions for building an

energy-efficient society as conditions for sustainable

development of the national economy, etc.

The purpose of the article is to study the

introduction of a modern management model of

energy-saving technologies at enterprises in an

information society.

The methodological and theoretical basis of this

work is the methods of analogy, expert evaluation,

comparison, research of domestic and foreign authors

in the field of modern management model of energy-

saving technologies at enterprises.

2 MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION

The balanced development of the economy, the

environment and society is at the heart of the problem

field of sustainable development. "Solving this

problem requires thoughtful actions that must be

carried out taking into account the interrelationship of

environmental, economic and social aspects"

(Bekmurzaev, 2021). If we consider the stages of the

formation of the concept of energy saving as a global

trend in the historical concept, we can distinguish four

stages.

Stage 1. The invention of accounting devices for

monitoring the volume of consumption of resources,

in particular energy. In developed countries, this falls

in the second half of the XIX century. The

introduction of scientific and technological

achievements in the activities of industrial enterprises

(in particular, steam-based technologies), as the latest

round of the industrial revolution, led to the need to

reduce production costs in order to maximize profits.

Stage 2. The first half of the XX century. The

creation of industrial giants, the active development

of transport and telecommunications networks has led

to a significant increase in the energy intensity of

products. The era of energy and industry of this

historical period can be divided into 2 stages: Fordism

and post-Fordism. Henry Ford is mainly credited with

the development of a modern mass production

system, as a result of the creation of a conveyor. Mass

production has significantly increased the energy

consumption of industrial enterprises.

Stage 3. The second half of the XX century. The

first global crisis in the energy sector in the 70s of the

XX century led to the "oil war", which has been

constantly happening for more than 30 years. The

United States began to create an alliance of oil-

importing countries like the "Anti-OPEC". In

December 1974, a conference was held in

Washington, at which the "International Energy

Agency" (IEA) was created. Formally, the IEA was

formed in order to determine joint actions by

participants in the event of a new energy crisis, as

well as to coordinate plans for better long-term

provision of energy sources (Tetreault, 1981).

The economy needed new cheap types of energy

– the emergence of nuclear power allowed to

significantly reduce energy costs, but raised the issue

of energy security to a new level. This issue is

particularly acute after the tragedy at the Chernobyl

Nuclear Power Plant in 1986. This was the second

shock in the sphere of the use of the atom, when the

problem of the survival of humanity as a whole arises.

The emergence of the last, 4th stage, was

additionally influenced by many other factors, but,

first of all, these are factors of global economic

transformations: the emergence of the Internet, the

achievements of industry 4.0, increased labor

migration, the expansion of the activities of

multinational companies, etc. In the global energy

sector, a new 4th investment cycle is being launched

these days, in which, according to the International

Energy Agency, such global trends will operate (Fig.

1).

Figure 1: Global trends of the 4th investment cycle in the

energy sector (Safe...).

Today, a new energy civilization is being formed

in the leading countries, the main features of which

are: energy efficiency; intelligent energy systems built

according to the Smart Grid concept; decentralization

of energy; new energy sources, etc. The development

of energy of the 4th investment cycle is implemented

within the framework of such models (Fig. 2).

new centers of

attraction for

investments are

being formed with a

lower "entry

threshold" than in

traditional energy

integration of new technological solutions,

new consumers and new suppliers

technological

progress forms

new solutions in

the energy sector

more and

more efficient,

cheaper

Global trends

gas market

restructuring: mobile,

competitive, with

developed distribution

restructuring of

business

processes

fundamental

change in

the nature of

demand and

the status of

energy

consumers

in the

market

MMTGE 2022 - I International Conference "Methods, models, technologies for sustainable development: agroclimatic projects and carbon

neutrality", Kadyrov Chechen State University Chechen Republic, Grozny, st. Sher

Figure 2: Architectonics of the formation of energy

development models of the 4th investment cycle (Azzuni,

2018).

The components of the activation of the "Energy

Efficiency+" development model in the medium term

are: the dominance of centralized energy; the

development of trigeneration; the development of

dispersed generation; economically sound

innovations; the development of smart energy models

in individual clusters (Smart Grid). There is no doubt

that the sustainable socio-economic development of

any country largely depends on the growth of energy

efficiency of the national economy.

Based on the conducted content analysis

regarding the definition of existing approaches to the

definition of the terms "energy saving" and "energy

efficiency", within the framework of this study, the

following definition of the term "energy saving is a

set of actions aimed at obtaining progressive results

regarding the rational and efficient use of energy

resources in order to save energy, reduce energy costs

and losses associated with the reduction of the

negative impact on the environment, the achievement

of a beneficial socio-economic effect" is proposed.

"Progressive results" means focusing on the

samples (countries, companies) with the highest

energy efficiency. This is possible by comparing

these indicators with estimates of the best and

advanced technologies (Best-in-Class) in the study

area based on determining the distance between the

studied result and the efficiency limit. Thus, it is

possible to determine energy efficiency categories

based on the Best-in-Class methodology in order to

realize the potential (Fig. 3).

Figure 3: Determination of the energy efficiency criterion

based on the Best-in-Class methodology in order to realize

the potential.

AB as a set of energy efficiency criteria is the

general set of world criteria (A) and national criteria

(B): AB = AΔB. At the same time, it should be noted

that in order to ensure the competitiveness of national

enterprises in world markets based on the energy

saving factor, national criteria should approach the

world ones: the covariant functor displays the

function f: B→A.

Each block of the subset A and B is a Boolean of

local exponents: 2

, respectively = {A1, A2}; 2

{B1, B2}. A subset of the second type under the

assumption of induction 2

or 2

, a subset of the first

type defines a subset of this type obtained from some

single subset of the second type by adding the element

a0, hence: 2A = A1 ᴗ A2 and A1 ᴖ A2 = ⊕. Each of

the minimums are the minimum criteria for energy

efficiency. So, if we define the criteria of

technological equipment as a technological basis for

ensuring the energy efficiency of an enterprise, we

can thus characterize this minimum. A1 "Theoretical

minimum" is the specific energy consumption

required to perform certain work or transform

materials in accordance with the laws of electro– and

thermodynamics; A2 "Practical minimum" is the best

in world practice indicators of specific energy

consumption when using commercially technologies

with a certain efficiency. Decomposition analysis can

be used to study the influence of factors affecting the

energy intensity of GDP (Table 1). This method is

recommended to be applied by the International

Energy Agency in the practical activities of

enterprises (Energy..., 2016).

The considered decomposition analysis is used for

a more detailed analysis of energy efficiency and

requires additional input data. In order to overcome

this disadvantage of the considered methodology, it is

necessary to determine the aggregated energy

efficiency, consisting of individual indicators: energy

the "Energy Efficiency+" model

1) development of nuclear energy, renewable energy sources;

2) launch of second wave energy efficiency programs (online

consumption management);

3) Carbon capture and sequestration technologies (Carbon

capture and sequestration - CCS)

4) increase in the fuel and energy balance of renewable

energy

the "New Paradigm" model

1) Smart Grid in the "active networks" version;

2) market liberalization in the field of generation, dispersed

generation

3) restructuring of cities (Smart City)

4) the market of energy capacities and the entry of a "buyer -

seller" into it

Energy development of the

4th investment cycle

В2

the best

national

indicators

World

criteria

А1

theoretical

minimum

АВ

energy efficiency

criteria

А2

practical

minimum

А3

average

international

indicators

В3

averaged best

national

indicators

В1

poor national

indicators

National

criteria

Introduction of a Modern Management Model of Energy-saving Technologies at Enterprises

intensity, electrical capacity and fuel capacity of

GDP.

The indicator of the energy intensity of GDP

reflects the trends in the development of the economy

at the macro level from the standpoint of energy

consumption with the definition of the appropriate

type of economic activity: intensive (energy-saving)

or extensive (energy-consuming). Energy-efficient

societies can successfully solve the problem of

efficient provision of energy resources for the

purpose of socio-economic development of the

country. At the same time, appropriate measures are

used in the state regulatory policy in order to increase

the influence of energy factors of stimulants on the

vector of social development based on the

optimization of energy costs.

Table 1: A logical-structural model of the influence of

factors leading to changes in the volume of final energy

consumption.

Factors

Economic secto

Industry Househol

Transpor

Activity

added value of

the total output

of goods

population

size

passenger

traffic or

cargo

volume

Structure

the share of

output of

various types of

products

number of

square

meters per

person

passenger

traffic or

cargo

volume for

transport

Performance

the amount of energy used per unit of activity in

each of the sectors of final energy consumption

In the XXI century, it is possible to solve the

problem of increasing the efficient use of energy

resources only by introducing the latest energy-

efficient technologies and equipment that meet the

appropriate stage of scientific and technological

progress. Unfortunately, in our country, only some

sectors of the economy are gradually switching to the

principles of Industry 4.0. At the same time,

developed countries began to discuss the specifics of

the entry of national economies already to Industry

5.0. Today, business efforts should be focused on

innovative development, especially in the field of

overcoming technical and technological

backwardness.

Energy efficiency is characterized by constant

changes that entail an increase in its level due to

economic, environmental and social components,

ensuring harmonious development at the micro, meso

and macro levels of any system. Increasing energy

efficiency ensures the achievement of energy

independence of the state and business entities, which

is defined as the use of fuel and energy resources

simultaneously with energy-saving production

technologies in order to meet the energy needs of

various entities in different spheres of functioning

without outside interference. At the same time, it is

advisable to cooperate at all levels: national, private,

public. Effective development of the domestic

economy requires public awareness that energy

efficiency is not just a condition for sustainable

development, but an indicator of the self-sufficiency

of the state, a marker of its readiness to be at the

forefront of innovative development, to attract

modern innovative technologies that will ensure

economic and energy independence.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Of all technically possible measures to ensure energy

efficiency, only some are economically feasible and

economically attractive for a certain period of time.

In order to determine the best way to achieve savings

as a result of investments in energy efficiency

projects, it is important to separate economically

sound and financially attractive projects. The

difference between economically sound investments

and economically attractive investments can be

explained by different discount rates between public

and private investments, the indirect impact of energy

savings and the impact of external factors.

When analyzing the transformation of scientific

approaches to determining the content of energy

saving and energy efficiency in enterprises, certain

features of development are highlighted. It is

necessary to consider in more detail the issue of the

development of the energy platform as a basis for

enterprise management based on the concept of

energy conservation. At the same time, it is necessary

to take into account the trends of the current stage of

development of an energy-efficient society,

especially the concept of Smart Grid.

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Introduction of a Modern Management Model of Energy-saving Technologies at Enterprises