Stylistic Analysis of the Concept "Dottag1" in the Chechen Poetic

Discourse

Elina Idrazova

, Marina Mungasheva

and Zarina Altamirova

Kadyrov

Chechen State University, Grozny, Russia

Chechen State Pedagogical University, Grozny, Russia

Keywords: Сoncept, "dottag1", Friend, Poetry, Chechen Language, Poem, Phraseological Unit, Metaphor.

Abstract: The article examines the concept of a friend in the spheres of its metaphorical transferences in the Chechen

poetic discourse. The central thesis is the objectification of the sensory-emotional and spiritual side of friendly

relations. We have identified and classified stylistic methods: 10 metaphors: of them anthropomorphic, having

a heart in the composition of somatism "dog"- 2; metaphors "reification" - 26: 1 zoomorphic, 2 phytomorphic,

4 abstract concepts, 2 material objects; 1 metaphorical sentence; 2 comparisons; 1 phraseological unit. The

metaphorical embodiment of the concept friend, as a way of reflecting the national linguistic consciousness

and mentality of the Chechen people, has not yet been considered. The interrelation of lexical-semantic

processes and individual perception of the linguistic picture of the world organizes the abstract conceptual

thinking of a person and, therefore, can help in understanding the differences in the ways of thinking and

understanding the concept by representatives of different peoples.

1 INTRODUCTION

Friendship, as a type of interpersonal relationship, is

always relevant for research. In the minds of

representatives of different peoples, the values and

images of friendly relations may differ. In this

research, we will consider the metaphorical

embodiments of the concept dottag1 "friend" in the

Chechen poetic discourse.

The relevance of the research of the

metaphorization of the concept friend in the Chechen

language is the "high metaphorical nature of the

nominative sphere of the Chechen language"

(Abueva, 2011). The metaphorical embodiment of the

concept friend, as a way of reflecting the national

linguistic consciousness and mentality of the

Chechen people, has not yet been considered.

Metaphors are a way of processing information by

the collective consciousness and a means of

reproducing it in language, a kind of mechanism that

allows you to think abstractly (Khashimov, 2020).

Metaphor, as a result of individual perception of

reality, is born through the interaction of culture,

language and thinking (Skovorodnikov, 2014).

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1095-3019

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According to J. Lakoff and M. Johnson,

“metaphors permeate our entire life, not only in

language, but also in thinking and in action” (Budaev,

2007).

Working on the analyzed material, the following

methods and techniques were used: identification,

classification, contextual, quantitative and cognitive-

discursive analysis.

The material for the research was the poetic works

of Chechen authors. For a deeper understanding of the

image of a friend in the Chechen language culture,

metaphorical expressions presented by various

stylistic devices were considered.

2 MAIN SECTION

In the Chechen language, as in many others,

somatism "heart" occupies a special place in the

linguistic picture of the world. The heart, being the

central organ of a person, acts as the embodiment of

the spiritual life of a person, is an object of the inner

world of a person. But it also symbolizes various deep

human feelings and emotions.

Idrazova, E., Mungasheva, M. and Altamirova, Z.

Stylistic Analysis of the Concept "Dottag1" in the Chechen Poetic Discourse.

DOI: 10.5220/0011608100003577

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Actual Issues of Linguistics, Linguodidactics and Intercultural Communication (TLLIC 2022), pages 115-118

ISBN: 978-989-758-655-2

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

115

The most numerous are phraseological units and

metaphorical embodiments of the concept under

consideration, which have somatism “heart” in their

composition. Let's consider them below.

In the work of Satuev Khusain “Dottagashka”,

dog “heart” is personified by means of the verb khere

hilla, literally “he who has gone mad”. Somatism dog

here describes a strong emotional feeling of sadness,

sorrow using the metaphorized verb khere hilla.

Separation from a friend is seen as a grieving

event that brings excruciating suffering. To

demonstrate the expressiveness of expressing

feelings from parting, an artistic trope is used -

personification, (as a subspecies of metaphor):

Table 1: Example from a poem “Dottagashka”.

Vaj da`lla nekkh sanna,

Dog kh`ere khilla. –

Dottag1ekh` k`a`stina,

D1a mukha g1ur vu?

(Satuev, 2019)

Like an agitated

hive

Heart is mad,

Breaking up with a

friend

How can you leave?

Let’s consider the heart somatism as a container

metaphor. Isa Mahmudov in the poetic work

"Dottag1" represents the heart overflowing with

enthusiasm and joy from the realization of the

presence of a faithful, wise, caring friend. The heart

is conceptualized here as a vessel containing human

feelings, such as enthusiasm, joy.

Table 2: Example from a poem "Dottag1".

Czu`nan kh`ekhar khu`lu

ma`1anakh du`zna,

Czunakh a vokkkhavesh,

san dog du du`zna

(Makhmudov, 2013).

His advice is full of

wisdom,

My heart is filled

with pride for him.

In Zura Autieva's poem "Dottag1" the author

sensually experiences the absence of a friend and

compares himself in the image of a friend with an arzu

"eagle". The author relates himself to arzu temakh

kha’dcha – “the eagle that lost its wing”. Just as an

eagle, exhausted without a wing, loses its habitual

physical ability to soar in the sky, so a friend, without

a comrade, is deprived of a full life, the opportunity

to share joy and feel all the colors of life. Here we see

the personification of the human condition.

The reason for using comparison with a zoomorph

is the symbolic properties attributed to its prototype.

Most often, an important aspect of the use of

animalistic metaphors is the evaluative nature of the

traits of behavior, intellect, fortitude of the prototype.

The eagle symbolizes positive and exalted qualities,

such as freedom, strength, power, superiority.

Table 3: Example from a poem "Dottag1".

Arzu t1emah hadcha

t1omah

Dukkha hedala jish yac

Ishtta so a dottag1

vocush

Deg1ekh g1ora dolush

ac (Autieva).

The eagle lost its wing

It won't last long in

flight...

So I am without a

friend

Exhausted.

In the poetic work of Gatsaev S.A. “Hyo, san

degan dottagla!...” the spiritual closeness of friends is

represented by the unity of the oak with its roots,

which represents friendship as something indivisible

and reliable. The basis of metaphorical transfer here

are: integrity, close connection, the basis of life.

Table 4: Example from a poem “Hyo, san degan

dottagla!...”.

So, nazh sanna

oramcza,

Kh`o`cza vara ojlancza

(Gatsaev, 2014).

Like an oak tree with

roots

I was mentally

connected with

ou.

In the same work, the author uses an antithesis in

which he contrasts the significance of the roots for the

oak with the insignificance of the foliage for it. The

metaphor "friend - foliage" objectifies such properties

as: flowering, wilting, periodic renewal.

Table 5. Example from a poem “Hyo, san degan

dottagla!...”.

Larve akh` kh`aj

dottag1a,

Dacz i kh`una dittan g1a,

Kh`o`cza merza

kkhi`nelakh`,

Kh`o`ga merza

kkhijdenekh` (Gatsaev,

2014).

Take care of your

friend

It's not a leaf from a

tree

If you grew up

together

If you were friendly

The author points out the need to protect a true

friend, time-tested, emphasizing that a friend is not a

foliage that is renewed every year, not of vital

importance for an oak, but something valuable that

stems from the closest connection, like a trunk is

connected to roots, without which the life of an oak

tree would be impossible.

This opposition is expressed by phytomorphs,

whose verbal representatives are the lexemes nazh -

oak, g1a - leaf (foliage).

TLLIC 2022 - I INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE "ACTUAL ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS, LINGUODIDACTICS AND

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Here we observe a comparison of a friend and his

qualities with inanimate objects, where we see an

unexpected similarity in features with an absolute

absence of a visual representation of the image. In this

context, the reception of reification is used in a

positive connotation in a non-stereotypical

presentation, in contrast to the generally accepted

cases, where this trope is used for the purpose of its

negative character.

As you know, one of the key conceptual signs of

friendship is the reliability and loyalty of a friend who

can always be relied upon. So, in Isa Makhmudov's

poem "Dottag1", reification is carried out through the

lexeme g1ortor - a support, as the embodiment of

reliability, support, help. The author emphasizes that

having no friend feels vulnerable, lives in sorrow:

Table 6: Example from a poem "Dottag1".

Dottag1 shen voczurig vu

g1ortor joczush,

Dottag1 a voczuchokh`,

singattam kkhi`na

(Makhmudov,2013).

He who is without

a friend is without

support,

Where there is no

friend, sadness

rows.

In the same work, a friend is associated with

dog1a "the key", implying complete trust, where

friends know all the secrets of each other, where a

friend is the keeper of everything secret:

Table 7: Example from a poem "Dottag1".

Du iza san masso a

k`ajlenan dog1a

(Makhmudov, 2013).

He (friend) is the key

to all my secrets.

In poetic works, there are examples of

metaphorization of the concept "friend" not by

directly correlating the lexeme with a specific part of

speech, but by presenting it as a sentence. So, Saiev

I.M. "Dottag1e" actualization of the value of a friend

is realized through comparison with phraseological

units:

Table 8: Example from a poem "Dottag1e".

Dottag1a vu kh`una

du`nenan mekha

(Saiev, 2010)

A friend is valuable to

the world...

Artistic translation: A friend at the price of the

world, where the stable phrase dunen fur letters:

“world value”, transfer: “priceless” is used to reflect

the feelings of the author, the brightness and

emotionality of perception in the evaluative

interpretation.

Askhabov I-I. in the work "Dottag1a" very vividly

describes a friend as an object of reliability, fidelity,

trust and happiness, focusing on the lexemes denoting

these abstract concepts and emphasizing their

importance and necessity in friendship.

Table 9: Example from a poem "Dottag1a".

Dottag1a kh`an sinan

tesham bu

Dottag1a kh`an

degajovkho yu

Dottag1a kh`an marzo,

ch1ag1o yu

Dottag1a vajn Delan

sov

1at du (Askhabov).

A friend is the trust of

your soul

A friend is hope

This is the delight of

life, support.

A friend is a gift from

God

Tesham - “trust”, as an indicator of the reliability

of true friendships, actualizes closeness, sincerity,

complete trust between friends. The author uses the

figure of speech of sinan tesham - literally: “soul

trust”, emphasizing that a friend is a participant in

spiritual unity, showing empathy.

Further, the author associates a friend with the

abstract concept of degayovho - a sense of hope.

Hope is used by the author in the same way as in the

above example, as a sign of reliability, the

personification of help at any time.

The following example uses the identification of

a friend with ch1ag1o - a promise. In this context, a

promise implies a promise of fidelity, that is, a friend

is again presented as a representative of reliability.

A friend is also called marzo - sweetness, meaning

the delight of life, which objectifies such emotions as

joy, fun, happiness, joy.

3 CONCLUSIONS

We have reviewed more than 30 poetic works

dedicated to friendship. It is revealed 12 artistic trops,

of which: 10 metaphors: of them anthropomorphic,

containing somatism dog "heart" - 2; metaphors

"reification" 6: 1 zoomorphic, 2 phytomorphic, 4

abstract concepts, 2 material objects; 1 metaphorical

sentence; 2 comparisons; 1 phraseological unit.

The identified stylistic devices serve to convey a

sensual-emotional relationship to a friend, bringing

the spiritual side of friendly relations to the fore with

a less pronounced functional one. In the Chechen

linguistic consciousness a friend is presented as an

integral part of a spiritually fulfilling life.

The relationship of lexico-semantic processes and

individual perception of the language picture of the

world organizes the abstract conceptual thinking of a

Stylistic Analysis of the Concept "Dottag1" in the Chechen Poetic Discourse

117

person and, therefore, can help in understanding the

differences in the ways of thinking and understanding

the concept of each other by representatives of

different peoples.

REFERENCES

Abueva, M. S-S., 2011. Conceptual metaphor in the

Chechen language: dissertation. p. 166.

Askhabov. 1-1. Dottag1a.

Autieva, Z. Dottag1.

Budaev, E. V., 2007. Formation of cognitive metaphor.

Linguistics and culture. 1. pp.16-32.

Gatsaev, S. A., 2014. I was yours, Chechnya... p. 528.

Makhmudov, I., 2013. Dottag1.

Saiev, I. M., 2010. Dagara diytsakhya, Nokhchiycho! p.

256.

Satuev, Kh. D., 2019. Melodies of mountains. p. 351.

Skovorodnikov, A. P., 2014. Literalization of metaphor, or

realization of metaphor: Dictionary-reference book. p.

75.

Khashimov, R. I., 2020. Metaphor of elements and elements

of metaphors I.A. Bunin. pp. 231-239.

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INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION"

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