Anglicisms Functioning Peculiarities in the Chechen Republic Mass

Media

Luiza Yu. Israilova

Larisa Yu. Israilova

and Sovdat V. Baydarova

Kadyrov Chechen State University Named After A.A. Kadyrov, Grozny, Russian Federation

Institute of the Development of the Chechen Language and History, Grozny, Russian Federation

Keywords: Media, Borrowings, Anglicisms, Foreign Language Lexemes, Donor Language, English, Chechen Language,

Functional Styles, Journalistic Style.

Abstract: At the beginning of the XXI century, there is a tendency of increasing the proportion of foreign-language

borrowings in the Chechen language. The current state of the Chechen language, in particular the language of

the media at the beginning of the 21st century, is characterized by extremely active processes of borrowing

large layers of vocabulary from various spheres of public life. It is well known that the English language today

is considered by linguists as the main source of the latest borrowed words. Over the past three decades, since

the 21st century, the Chechen language has borrowed words from various layers of the vocabulary of the

English language. It is proved that the penetration of borrowings from different styles of the donor language

(most often from English and especially from its American version) is a consequence of the processes of

democratization of society. The newest thematic groups of borrowings recorded in the texts of modern

Chechen mass media are identified and analyzed.

1 INTRODUCTION

The socio-political processes taking place in modern

society over the past three decades have caused

fundamental changes in the life and outlook of

citizens, which could not but be reflected in the

processes that occur in the Russian language. The

dynamism of processes in the field of vocabulary and

stylistics provides linguists with inexhaustible

resources for linguistic research, and also attracts the

attention of writers, journalists and ordinary native

speakers with different levels of linguistic and

communicative competence.

Such significant changes in language occur

precisely during the period of global transformations

in public life. In general, changes at the level of

language functioning have a significant impact on its

language system. Transformations at the level of

language functioning necessitate the identification

and systematization of language transformations

caused by the emergence of new social realities and a

thorough study of the specifics of language processes

that cause them.

Among other processes that are pronounced in the

modern Chechen language, it is necessary to single

out the process of borrowing foreign language

vocabulary – especially English – the specifics of

which, of course, are not limited only to its intensity.

Borrowings that have appeared in the Chechen

language as a result of the process of lexical

interference are subject to semantic and stylistic

changes, being, along with the Chechen vocabulary

itself, the object of action of all processes occurring

in the language.

The phenomenon of borrowing is not new for the

Chechen language – foreign lexemes began to appear

in the lexicon since the end of the XIX century,

however, over the past three decades there has been

an unprecedented intensification of the borrowing

process, which began in the late XX – early XXI

century and which occurs against the background of

other equally active processes in the vocabulary of the

modern Chechen language. At the initial stage of

lexical interference (the end of the XIX century), the

functioning of foreign lexemes was characteristic

mainly of the spoken style, but today, the process of

borrowing lexemes from foreign languages (mainly

from English) to one degree or another finds its

embodiment in all functional styles of the Chechen

language.

Our research focuses on lexical units borrowed

from English, although the Chechen language

Israilova, L., Israilova, L. and Baydarova, S.

Anglicisms Functioning Peculiarities in the Chechen Republic Mass Media.

DOI: 10.5220/0011636600003577

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Actual Issues of Linguistics, Linguodidactics and Intercultural Communication (TLLIC 2022), pages 181-189

ISBN: 978-989-758-655-2

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

181

currently has lexemes borrowed from French,

German, Italian, Spanish, Arabic, Latin, Greek, and

sometimes exotisms from Japanese and Chinese are

used.

At the present stage of research, Anglicisms are

popular and relevant borrowings, since English is the

language of international politics, science and culture,

therefore, despite the influence of globalization

processes on the Chechen language, the activation of

borrowing of English lexemes is due to a number of

linguistic and non-linguistic factors. Lexical units

from the American version of the English language

(the so-called Americanisms) are especially actively

borrowed, which is associated with the popularization

of American cinema and show business in modern

Chechen youth culture.

The intensification of the process of borrowing

Anglicisms is a reflection of such important socio-

political, cultural processes taking place both in the

world and in Chechen society. All these changes have

led to the penetration of Anglicisms into all functional

styles of the Chechen language and the emergence of

various thematic groups of English–language

borrowings and their stratification by stylistic

features - this is what determines the relevance of our

research.

It should be noted that the vocabulary borrowed

by the Chechen language consists not only of

Anglicisms from the sphere of scientific terminology,

sports sphere, but also borrowings from the slang of

the English language, which abound in the colloquial

speech of representatives of the younger generation

of the Chechen Republic.

The increase in the variability of the composition

of borrowed vocabulary in the colloquial speech of

the Chechen language is primarily due to the

globalization processes in the world.

The variety of genre varieties and stylistic

coloring of words of foreign origin were not taken

into account by linguists because of their biased

attitude to borrowed vocabulary, which, in their

opinion, clogs the Chechen language. All these

factors are evidence that foreign words have become

an integral part of the lexical composition of the

modern Chechen language and their functioning has

its own specifics in each of the styles of the Chechen

language, which determines the relevance of this

study.

The rapid development of technology, science and

culture has led to the emergence and active

functioning of a large number of terminological units

in the modern Chechen language. Dyakov A. I. calls

the intensive development of scientific and technical

terminology a "terminological explosion" (Dyakov

2000, p. 7). This "explosion" manifests itself not only

in an increase in the number of terms in the language,

but also by attracting foreign terminological

vocabulary.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

A large number of studies, both foreign and domestic,

have been devoted to the problem of borrowing

foreign vocabulary into the language. Among them,

the works of L. M. Arkhipenko (Arkhipenko 2005),

B. M. Azhnyuk (Azhnyuk 2008), IT. N. Efimenko

(Efimenko, 2009), L. P. Krysin (Krysin, 2006), A.I.

Dyakov (Dyakov, 2003), T. V. Zherebilo (Zherebilo,

2016), I. Yu. Aliroev (Aliroev, 1970), Ovkhadov M.

R. (Ovkhadov, 2017), Israilova Luisa Yu., Israilova

Larisa. Yu. (2015, 2017), etc.

Despite the fact that in Chechen linguistics there

is a large number of studies devoted to the problem of

lexical borrowings and this issue continues to be

developed in Chechen and foreign linguistics, it still

does not lose its relevance and acuteness. In addition,

despite the continuity and intensity of the process of

lexical borrowing, not all aspects of the study of this

problem can be considered sufficiently studied.

Taking into account all the processes that are

taking place in the language now, at the present stage

of the development of Chechen linguistics, the issue

of developing the principles and foundations of

language policy, in particular those provisions that

relate to foreign language borrowings, is of

fundamental importance. At the present stage of the

development of Chechen linguistics, the question of

functional and stylistic differentiation of foreign-

language borrowings is the least studied, since for

three decades they have been considered by

researchers mainly as part of scientific and technical

terminology and as foreign-language inclusions and

exoticism in journalistic, artistic and colloquial styles.

3 RESEARCH RESULTS

The research is dedicated to the study of functional

and stylistic manifestations of the latest borrowings

of foreign origin in the modern Chechen language.

The content and scope of the concepts borrowed

words, foreign words, borrowings, the latest

borrowings are determined, the problem of functional

and stylistic manifestations of the latest borrowings is

considered, the attention is focused on the

peculiarities of their use in modern language styles,

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the influence of internal and external factors on the

development and enrichment of the vocabulary of the

modern Chechen literary language is substantiated.

It is proved that English (especially its American

version) is the main source of the latest borrowings

due to its status as the language of international

science, politics and art.

It is noted that since the XXI century, the Chechen

language began to borrow lexemes from various

layers of the vocabulary of the English language. It is

proved that the penetration of borrowings from

different styles of the donor language (most often

from English and especially from its American

version) is a consequence of the processes of

democratization of society.

The newest thematic groups of borrowings

recorded in the texts of modern Chechen mass media

are identified and analyzed.

4 DISCUSSIONS

Over the past two decades, a significant layer of

foreign words has been borrowed by the Chechen

language. The media term system is one of the

systems that were formed as a result of the

introduction of scientific and technological progress

in various spheres of public life. In the Chechen

language, the system of media terms is at the stage of

formation.

The scientific and technical terminological system

of the Chechen language is constantly updated with

foreign-language terms, which is quite a natural

phenomenon, since the rate of appearance of

scientific and technical concepts exceeds the

linguistic resources of each language to provide them

with terminological language signs (Borisova L. I.,

2007). At the end of the XX – at the beginning of the

XXI century, the scientific and technical terminology

of the Chechen language was enriched by numerous

borrowings from the English language, especially in

the field of the computer science, programming and

computer technology. This is due to the fact that the

focus of scientific and technological progress in

mostly English-speaking countries, so there are many

new phenomena and concepts for which English-

language vocabulary is used. The use of terminology

of English-speaking origin, even in cases where other

countries are the birthplace of technical innovations,

is due to the status of English as the language of

international communication (Streltsova, 2017).

Various thematic groups of borrowings are

recorded in the texts of modern Chechen media,

The latest foreign language lexemes of socio-

economic topics in the language of the Chechen

Republic media. The development of the Chechen

Republic after the sad events that took place at the

beginning of the XXI century caused mainful changes

in the socio-economic sector. Changes in the

economic sphere of any language are associated with

the establishment of the foreign and domestic

economic policy, the search for new conditions and

forms of labor and production, trade and business.

Given into account the intensification of

Chechnya's international relations with other

republics and states and the leading position of the

English language on the world stage, it is quite natural

that the process of borrowing of the socio-political

and economic vocabulary from the English language

has intensified.

A considerable part among foreign-language

lexemes is economic foreign-language vocabulary.

This is due to the fact that one of the first borrowings

from the English language were words from the

economic sphere in the early 90s of the twentieth

century. The Chechen language through gets a large

number of economic, financial, commercial, trade

terms in English: underwriting, leasing, barter,

dealer, distributor, merchandiser, promotion,

holding, etc.

One of the first borrowings of the above period are

the lexemes business and businessman. They come

from the English words business – business,

businessman – entrepreneur. For example:

«Iокху деношкахь белхан гIуллакхашца

доьзна Нохчийн Республикехь хилира Iаьрбийн

Цхьаьнатоьхначу Эмиратийн бизнесан векалийн

делегаци

» ("Daimohk", 02.02.2022").

These borrowings are so ingrained in the system

of the Chechen language that its native speakers no

longer perceive them as foreign words, they can

acquire a figurative meaning and a number of

derivatives of complex nouns are formed from them,

for example: a business forum (from Latin - a

platform for communication), a business session (this

is a system of short-term meetings (two-three

academic hours) aimed at improving the efficiency

of an employee in the workplace, radically

restructuring the attitude of employees to the system

of working relationships, including the training

system), etc. For example:

«ХIокху деношкахь Нохчийн Неспубликин

коьртачу шахьарахь «Грозный-Сити» отелехь

Казахстанерчу а, Къилбаседа Кавказан

федеральни округерчу а бизнес лелоран векалша

бизнес-форум дIаяьхьира» ("Daimohk",

20.08.2016").

Anglicisms Functioning Peculiarities in the Chechen Republic Mass Media

183

«Соьлжа-ГIалахь дIаяьхьира «Кавказана

инвестицеш е» цIе йолу кхоалгIа бизнес-сесси.

Иза вовшахтоьхнера Россин Федерацин

Къилбаседа Кавказан гIуллакхашкахула йолчу

министерствос Нохчийн Республикин

Правительствоца цхьаьна а, «Къилбаседа Кавказ

кхиоран корпораци» («КРСК»), «Къилбаседа

Кавказан курорташ» («КСК») акционерни

юкъараллийн (АО) гIоьнца а» ("Daimohk",

21.07.2017").

In the early 90s of the last century, the following

terms borrowed from the economic sphere were

borrowed by the Chechen language: marketing

(English marketing - "activities aimed at achieving

the goals of enterprises, institutions, organizations by

generating demand and maximizing satisfaction of

consumer needs" (Yartseva, 1988) and its derivative

– marketing; trust (eng. - trust – "a system of

relations in which the property that originally belongs

to the founder is transferred to the disposal of the

trustee, but the beneficiaries receive profit from it"

(Yartseva, 1988), promoter (Eng. promote – promote;

promote – "a person or group of persons engaged in

targeted advertising of goods, services or brand with

the purpose of promoting them to the market"

(Yartseva, 1988). It is worth noting that the

borrowing of the promoter is also widely used in

sports topics, for example: "Латарийн суьйренехь

лаккхарчу говзаллин промоутеран «Ахмат» лиго

а, йозаллехь UFC-н чемпион хиллачу Бразилерчу

Вердум Фабрисиус а цхьаьна бартана

(контрактана) куьйгаш яздира" ("Daimohk", 10.

02. 2017"); tender (eng. tender - offer – "competitive

form of placing an order for the purchase of goods,

provision of services or performance of works"

(Yartseva, 1988), for example: ДӀакхайкхийначу

тендерца нийса а догӀуш, конкурсан толамхо

декхарийлахь хир ву инженерин талламаш бан а,

проект хӀотто а, некъ кечбаран белхаш

дӀабахьа а»

("Daimohk", 29. 07. 2019"); manager (eng. manage –

manage – "an employee engaged in management at a

certain site or service sector" (Yartseva, 1988), for

example: " Ульяновскан, Челябинскан

областашкахь, Башкортостан, Удмурти,

ГIезалойчоь республикашкахь, Красноярскан

крайхь, Москвахь кхаа менеджерех йолу тобанаш

кхоьллина, кхийолчу регионашкахь уьш къастор

дIахьош ду» ("Daimohk", 27. 02. 2018").

Wide-spreaded in the media is the borrowing

offshore (English offshore – beyond the shore) and its

derivatives formed by the suffix method (offshore).

Offshore is a territory or a country that has

attractively low or zero rates on all or some types of

profits of foreign companies. The borrowing offshore

and its derivative offshore has narrowed its semantics

and is used in the Chechen language mainly in

economic meaning, for example: «Шина гIайри

тIехь йолчу цуьнан лаьттан барам 261 кв. км. бу.

Европахой баха хевшинчарах хьалхара гIайренаш

уьш. Кхузахь кхиъна юьртан бахам, офшорни

банкан гIуллакх, туризм» ("Daimohk",

18.04.2017).

If the above–mentioned economic terms of

English-speaking origin have been functioning in the

Chechen language for a long time, then such a new

lexeme as blockchain (English blockchain -"a chain

of transaction blocks (Yartseva, 1988) is not yet

commonly used, but it is actively used in news texts

of economic and social topics. "Ас а, кхин шина

накъоста а биткоинах а, блокчейн технологех а

гIуллакх деш дика хан яьккхина, Иорданехь а,

Iаьрбийн кхийолчу пачхьалкхашкахь а

криптовалюташ лелош, церан мехаш толлуш”

("Daimohk", 13.03.2018).

New in economic topics is the borrowing of a

startup (English start up – to start). A startup is a

newly created company that owns a limited set of

resources and builds its business on the basis of

innovations or innovative technologies (word

formation). For example: "Цул сов, дешаран

хьаьрмин эксперташ

тешна бу диплом яздаран

ламаст стартапаца хийцаро, вузийн

выпускникашна шаьш хаьржинчу говзаллица

болх бан аьтто бийриг хиларх»” ("Daimohk",

18.01.2019).

Media lexicons of foreign language origin in the

modern Chechen mass media. In the modern mass-

media foreign-language lexemes can often be found

in printed media publications, which are used to

denote certain trends in society. For example, the

lexeme trend in the source language has the value: 1)

the general development or change in the situation or

behavior of people; 2) new trends in clothing,

makeup, etc. (Cambridge University Press, 2003). In

the Chechen language, the word has a similar

semantics: "the general fashion trend of the season,

which characterizes recognizability, mass character

and limited time" (Yartseva, 1988) For

example:”Цул сов, дешаран хьаьрмин эксперташ

тешна бу диплом яздаран ламаст стартапаца

хийцаро, вузийн выпускникашна шаьш

хаьржинчу говзаллица болх бан аьтто бийриг

хиларх” ("Daimohk", 21.07.2022).

This group includes the Anglicizm brand. In

English brand means: 1) the type of product produced

by a particular company (Cambridge University

Press, 2003). In the process of adaptation to the

language system of the Chechen language, the brand

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lexeme has undergone a narrowing of its semantic

structure and is used in the meaning of "trademark of

a company, product or product; a set of graphic,

textual and other information related to a company,

product or service, including logos, slogans, etc. For

example: ”Россин Федерацин Юкъараллин палато

«ТОП-1000 локальных культурных и

туристических брендов России» аьллачу

конкурсехь дакъалацаре кхойкху субъектийн

векалш " ("Daimohk", 06.11.2022).

The latest foreign language lexemes of

information technology topics in the language of the

Chechen Republic media. A large number of

information technology terms in the media caused

their division into several thematic groups.

Device names. The development of technology

has caused the emergence of many devices, the names

of which, as a rule, are English-speaking. For

example, today the word gadget (English gadget –

device) is very popular in Chechen – "a thing that is

usually electronic or that has to do with electronics,

an accountant or the Internet" (Yartseva, 1988). For

example: "Таханлерчу дийнахь вайн бераш,

кегийрхой оцу интернетах мел бозуш бу хаьа-кх

вайна. Школе даханчу хIора а (ур-атталла, школе

дахаза долчу а

) беран шен гаджет, смартфон,

компьютер, ноутбук ю " ("Daimohk", 15.06.2018).

Gadgets today are devices whose name contains

the English-language part of smart are very popular

and widespread, for example: smartphone. For

example: "Кхузахь ала догIу, ВТК-н мобильни

сеть баккъал а кхиарна тIаьхьайисна хилар.

Смартфонца а, планшетца а компанин сим-

картица интернет лелор нислур дац: GSM-н

хуьлуш йолчу 2G " ("Daimohk", 17.12.2015);

"ДоьалгIачу чкъурах» (сеть 4-го поколения)

пайдаэца таро ю «Билайнан» 4G USB-модемийн

а, LTE-н

смартфонийн а дайн. Нохчийн

Республикин бахархошна шайн SIM-карташ

USIM-ца (4G технологин карташ) маьхза хийца а,

оьшуш болу гIирс эца таро а ло «Билайно» шен

муьлххачу а офисехь" ("Daimohk", 10.12.2015).

Various messengers have become an integral part

of modernity. Messenger (English messenger –

message sender) is a "telecommunication service for

exchanging text messages between computers or

other devices of users via computer networks" (word

formation). For example: "Соьлжа-ГӀаларчу

Ӏ.Садаевн цӀарахчу урамехь берана акхачу

жӀаьлеша тӀелатар дина хилла аьлла, социальни

сеташкахь а, мессенджерашкахь а баржош хилла

хаам таллар тӀедиллина республикин

Прокуратуро " ("Daimohk", 23. 05. 2022).

The most popular among Chechens are

messengers such as Viber, WhatsApp and Telegram.

The media uses both the common name messenger

itself and the transliterated names of these services,

although their spellings varies – they can be written

with both capital and small letters, in quotation marks

and the like. For example:

"Россин шеран хьехархо – 2021» Ерригроссин

конкурсан Viber майданахь халкъо кхажтасарехь

толам баьккхина Соьлжа-ГӀалин №7 йолчу

школин оьрсийн меттан а, литературин а

хьехархочо Макаева Хьавас" (“Daimohk”, 13. 10.

2021");

"Республикин пачхьенан мэрис,

соьлжагIалахойн хьашташка мелла а сиха

хьажаран Iалашонца, нохчашлахь уггаре а

гIараяьллачу WhatsApp-хь социальни

сета чохь

леррина тоба кхоьллина" ("Daimohk", 26. 06.

2018);

"Лакхахь хьахийначу Kremlin_Russian канало

хаийтина и болх вовшахтохарехь шаьш Telegram

Analytics-х пайдаэцна хилар" (“Daimohk”, 31. 03.

2022);

"Инстаграм олучу социальни сетехь дIахьош

ю и проект шен болх. Юкъаяьккхина Нохчийн

Республикин Экономикин а, юкъараллин а

кхерамазаллин совето" (“Daimohk”, 08. 12. 2017);

The English word photoshop is quite popular in

Chechen. For example: "Монитора тIехь дийнатийн

суьрташ гойтура, уьш компьютеран «фотошоп»

программин г

Iоьнца дехкина дара. Берашна хаа

дезара оцу гайтинчу дийнатех баккъал дерш

муьлха ду, фотошопаца дехкинарш муьлхарш ду"

(“Daimohk”, 12. 06. 2018);

This borrowed lexeme comes from the name of

the Adobe Photoshop graphics editor, which was

developed by the American company Adobe

Systems. This application is considered the most

powerful photo editor and is the market leader in

commercial raster editing tools (Yartseva, 1988). For

example: "Дукха хан яц «Цифровая живопись» цIе

йолу керла проект юкъаяьккхина. И бахьана

долуш, кехата тIехь суьрташ дехкина ца Iаш,

суртдилларан кхузаманан гIирсашца компьютера

чохь йолу «AdobePhotoshop» олучу графикин

редакторан гIоьнца суьрташ дохку бераша"

(“Daimohk”, 11. 05. 2016).

In the media, you can often find the names of

various electronic currencies, which are increasingly

called cryptocurrency (abbreviated crypta – from the

English cryptocurrency – "a type of digital currency,

the issue and accounting of which are based on

asymmetric encryption and the use of cryptographic

methods of protection" (Wikipedia). With a foreign-

Anglicisms Functioning Peculiarities in the Chechen Republic Mass Media

185

language share of crypto, various phrases can be

formed: crypto exchange, crypto market. For

example: "Хьалха ма-аллара, ас а, кхин шина

накъоста а биткоинех а, Блокчейн технологех а

гIуллакх деш дикка хан яьккхина Иорданехь а,

Iаьрбийн кхийолчу пачхьалкхашкахь а

(криптовалюташ лелош, церан мехаш толлуш,

и.дI.кх" ("Daimohk", 03. 04. 2018).

One of the most popular cryptocurrencies in the

world is bitcoin (other spellings bitcoin, bitcoin). It

comes from the English bitcoin, which translates as

an electronic coin, and means "virtual electronic

currency without centralized management and

issuers" (word formation)). For example:

"Биткоинаш цхьана а агIонан долахь а йоцуш,

маьрша интернета

чухула лела, церан доладеш

цхьа а пачхьалкх я организаци яц" (“Daimohk”, 03.

04. 2018).

This thematic group may overlap with the

vocabulary group of economic topics, since these

nominations are used in currency transactions.

The name of various types of illegal activities and

threats on the Internet and frauds committed with the

help of other technical means. Thanks to various

information technologies and the Internet, humanity

has made a huge step forward. But along with

numerous opportunities for comprehensive

development, the Internet contains a huge number of

threats and often becomes a means for conducting

various criminal operations. Most of the names of

illegal activities on the Internet are borrowed from the

English language, in some places in the Chechen

language they have changed their semantics.

In the texts of the media, which talk about various

types of criminal activity on the Internet, you can

often find the word hacker. Hacker (English to hack)

– "a special type of computer specialists whose

activities are associated with an attempt to gain

unauthorized access to systems with secret

(confidential) information, a computer criminal"

(word formation). Initially, the meaning of this word

was not associated with criminal activity. This

computer term was founded in the 60s of the

twentieth century and meant the process of making

changes to one's own or someone else's program. The

verbal noun "hack" meant the results of such changes.

That is, a hack is a way to fix an error in a program,

and a specialist who could fix such errors,

respectively, was called a hacker. However, the hack

was not always aimed at correcting errors – more

often hacks changed the behavior of the program

against the will of its author. It was such scandalous

incidents that "distorted" the meaning of the word

hacker - it began to be used in the meaning of "an

attacker using computer knowledge to commit

unauthorized, sometimes malicious actions in a

computer - hacking computers, writing and

distributing computer viruses. "Discussions about the

semantics of this word are still ongoing. Thus, some

of the well-known proponents of free and open source

software, for example, Richard Stallman, promote the

use of this term only in its original meaning

(Yartseva, 1988). In the Chechen media, this term is

mainly used in the meaning of "computer criminal".

For example: "Къилбаседа Корейрчу хакерша

галъяьккхина Къилба Корейн 140 эзар сов

компьютер, царна чохь хиллачу хаамех шайн

хьашташкахь пайдаэцна" ("Daimohk", 16. 06.

2016).

The intensification of crime on the Internet has

caused the appearance of a number of names of types

of illegal activities with the English prefix cyber -

(English cyber – is associated with involvement or

attitude to computers, especially the Internet)

(Cambridge University Press, 2003). These are

tokens like: cyberattack, cyber threat, cybercrime,

cyber theft, cyberwar, etc. For example:

"Йерригроссин «Терахьан дарсаш» акцин

гурашкахь Нохчийн Республикехь кхочушйийр

йу «Кибератакаш таллар» дешаран программа"

("Daimohk", 22.01.2022).

"Соьлжа-ГӀалин школашкахь дӀадахьа

леринчу дарсашкахь дуьйцур ду

киберкхерамазаллах а, цуьнан талламах а лаьцна"

("Daimohk", 22. 01. 2022).

"Дешархоша кибердетективан ролаш ловзор

йу. Хила тарлуш йолу киберинцидент къастош

талламаш бийр бу" ("Daimohk", 22. 01. 2022).

A characteristic feature of the modern linguistic

situation in the Chechen Republic is the transition of

scientific and technical terms to general linguistic use

through the mass media. Even those lexemes that

belong to the sphere of highly specialized computer

jargon are now actively used in journalistic stylistics.

Moreover, they demonstrate high word-formation

activity and expand their semantics (Kremlin bot, bot

attack, photoshop, bitcoin, hacker, cybercrime, etc.).

However, a lot of scientific and technical terms of

English-speaking origin, which were recorded by us

in the media, still belong to the field of computer

slang (backend, big-date, plug-in, applet, etc.).

Sports vocabulary of foreign-language origin in

modern Chechen media. In the language of Chechen

periodicals, we often come across borrowed sports

terms from different sports. Today, it is possible to

distinguish several thematic groups of foreign-

language origin in media publications.

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186

Football vocabulary of foreign origin. The

popularity of football in the Chechen Republic has led

to the appearance of an extremely large number of

football terms in the Chechen media. Among them:

midfielder (English half-back – midfielder), back

(English back – defender), goalkeeper, penalty. For

example:

"Матчан 58-чу минотехь «Ахматан»

кевнахочун Е.Городовн дог дохийра Голландерчу

хавбека Отман Эль-Кабира – 2" ("Daimohk", 26.

07. 2019).

«Лучан» голкиперан гIалатах говза пайда а

эцна, геннара тоьхна, кевна чу буьрка яхийтира цо

– 5:1. Цу тайппана бIаьрла толам а баьккхина ¼

финале елира "Ахмат". ("Daimohk", 05. 11. 2019).

"Бакъду, кхиаме кхача аьтто «Спартакан» а

ца

белира. Ур-атталла, пенальти а ца тохаелира

хьешашка. Пенальти тоьхнарг З.Бакаев вара, оцу

матчехь жигара ловзарца къаьсташ хилла вол"

("Daimohk", 09. 10. 2021).

Borrowings from the field of boxing. In Chechen

boxing-themed media, borrowings from the boxing

field are also often used. The Chechen language has

long included the following borrowings as boxing

promoter, ring, knockout, round, referee, ring

announcer. For example:

"Вевзаш волу нохчийн боксер Саламов Iумар

вина 1994-чу шеран асаран (июнь) беттан 7-чу

дийнахь Iалхан-ГIалахь" ("Daimohk", 01. 05.

2021).

"2012-чу шарахь Украинерчу вежарийн

КличкогIеран «К2 Promotions»

промоутерийн

компаница барт а бина, Киев гIалахь Iийна иза,

тренеран Байсангуров Увайсан куьйгаллица лата

а Iемаш. 2016-чу шарахь дуьйна нохчийн «Ахмат»

спортан клубан векал ву " ("Daimohk", 01. 05.

2021).

"Карарчу шеран оханан (апрель) беттан 8-чу

дийнахь Соьлжа-ГIалахь дIаяьхьначу «Время

легенд 6: Специальная операция» боксерийн

турниран коьрта хилам бара Саламов Iумаран а

Екименко Сергейн а латар. Екименко эша а вина,

толам баьккхира Саламовс" ("Daimohk", 01. 05.

2021).

"Ирачу къийсамехь, вовшийн кхоор доцуш

дIадоладеллачу оцу цхьаьнакхетарехь юьххьехь

дуьйна а ринган «да» ша хилар дIагайтира

Артура, хьалхарчу раундан чаккхенехь Адам

нокдауне а вохуьйтуш" ("Daimohk", 24. 03. 2021).

"Реферис иссанна тIекхаччалц дагардича а,

хьалагIаьттина кхидIа латта де

ца хилира

цуьнгах" ("Daimohk", 12. 10. 2018).

"Оцу буьйсана ринг-анонсер хир ву дуьненахь

а вевзаш волу Баффер Майкл а, (США), иштта

Загорский Александр а (Росси)" ("Daimohk", 02.

07. 2014).

Lexemes of show business, film industry and art

criticism. The intensification of Russia's international

relations has caused dynamic processes not only in

the layer of socio-economic, scientific and

terminological vocabulary, but also in the field of art

vocabulary. Such changes could not but affect the

vocabulary of the Chechen language, which was

replenished with names from the artistic sphere. The

lexemes of this group were also borrowed from the

English language because the culture of English-

speaking countries has a significant impact on the

modern culture of Russia.

The name of the spheres of art (cinema, theater,

music, television, etc. receive financial benefits from

their activities, comes from the English language –

show business or an abbreviated colloquial version of

showbiz (English show business) "commercial

activity in the field of entertainment") (Yartseva,

1998). For example: "Чемпионийн латаре хьовса

богIур бу экс-чемпионаш Тайсон Мйкл а, Джонс

а, Леннокс Льюис а, Холифилд Эвандер а.

Иштта

Россин шоу-бизнесехь вевзаш волу Кобзон

Иосиф а, Тимати а" ("Daimohk", 02. 07. 2014).

Russian Russian and through the medium of the

Russian language in the Chechen language, the

development of show business as a social, economic

and cultural phenomenon contributed to the

emergence of such concepts as showman and

celebrity.

The showman was first called "the presenter, or

sometimes the organizer of the show or "the presenter

of musical entertainment entertainment programs,

mainly on television" (free encyclopedia). Over time,

this word expanded its semantics and showmen began

to be called not only the leading music programs, but

also the presenters and artists of other genres and

famous people in general, most often those who differ

in an outrageous image and behavior (Yartseva,

1998).

"Цунах майрра ала мегар ду нохчийн

телевиденин дуьххьарлера шоумен, цо

юкъадаьхна телеловзарш" ("Daimohk", 23. 10.

2014).

The producer lexeme has undergone certain

changes, since in the source language it is used not

only to the person financing the film, actor or singer,

but also to any company that produces goods for sale

(Cambridge University Press, 2003). In the Chechen

language, the borrowing producer is mainly related to

the sphere of show business. For example:

"Костроман областан хилла ца Ӏаш, ерриге Россин

а культурин бахам бу. Балетан президент а,

Anglicisms Functioning Peculiarities in the Chechen Republic Mass Media

187

продюсер а ю Россин Федерацин культурин

хьакъйолу белхахо Царенко Елена, Исбаьхьаллин

куьйгалхо а, коьрта балетмейстер а ву Россин

Федерацин культурин хьакъволу белхахо

Царенко Юрий" ("gas "Daimohk", 23. 10. 2014).

Another English lexeme casting is also often

found both in colloquial speech and media.

"Школехь доьшучу хенахь дуьйна, нохчийн а,

оьрсийн а литература йоьшуш а, дукхаезаш а

хиллачу Рамзана ойла тIомаюьйлуш, кечам бира

“кастингана" ("Daimohk", 18.01. 2019).

Thus, the English-language lexemes of show

business and art history demonstrate a significant

degree of penetration into the Chechen language.

So, the analysis of foreign-language lexemes

recorded in the modern Chechen media has shown

that the use of Anglicisms is primarily associated with

the globalization processes in the world, the

intensification of international public and political

activities of Russia and, as a consequence, the

Chechen Republic and the growing influence of the

media in Chechen society.

5 CONCLUSIONS

The journalistic style of the modern Chechen

language has undergone radical transformations over

the past decade.

From the end of the XX – beginning of the XXI

century, socio-economic terms were considered the

largest group of foreign language vocabulary in the

Chechen language, since they were the first to be

borrowed into the Chechen language (for example,

such lexemes as business, businessman, manager,

etc. appeared in the 90s of the XX century and are no

longer perceived by speakers as borrowed words).

Today, English socio-economic terms of the are also

the most numerous among borrowings in the modern

mass media of the Chechen Republic.

The availability of mass media to the general

public of readers (especially young people) caused

the expansion of the themes of journalistic texts and

the use of lexemes and borrowings of various

thematic groups in it. The economic theme remains

one of the important donors of borrowings, however,

it is gradually losing its position due to the

intensification of the processes of borrowing

vocabulary from other fields of activity.

Due to the growing influence of mass media and

the development of network communications, the

texts of media are extremely saturated with the

vocabulary related to the functioning of the mass

media. This is a fairly new and relatively small

thematic group of borrowings, but it is constantly

growing.

Since the beginning of the XXI century, the use of

sports vocabulary in the journalistic style of the

modern Chechen language has significantly

intensified. Like other thematic groups, traditionally

the donor language is also English. Among the

borrowed sports vocabulary, most football terms are

of English-speaking origin, followed by boxing

vocabulary.

The smallest thematic group of borrowings of

English-speaking origin in the modern journalistic

style is a group of show business tokens.

Over the past decades, the trends of borrowing

foreign language vocabulary have changed, if at the

end of the XXth century in the Chechen language

scientific, technical and economic terms dominated

among lexical borrowings, then, starting from the

second decade of the XXI century, borrowed

vocabulary has significantly diversified. Anglicisms

are associated not only with the scientific sphere, but

mainly with the sphere of contemporary art, sports

and the vocabulary of information technology.

The increase in the number of thematic groups of

borrowings has promoted the fact that Anglicisms

today have become widely used in the daily life of

native Chechen speakers, as evidenced by the variety

of vocabulary of English-speaking origin in the

journalistic style of the modern Chechen language.

Such a variety of Anglicisms and the constant

replenishment of the Chechen vocabulary with new

foreign words creates certain difficulties with their

fixation in dictionaries. Lexicographical works do not

keep up with the rapid flow of the latest Anglicisms.

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INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION"

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