Factors Related to Food Sanitation Hygiene at Angkringan

Merchants in Serpong and North Serpong Districts, South

Tangerang City in 2022

Zahra Aulia Rizki, Ony Linda and Ikhwan Ridha Wilti

Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka, Jl. Limau II No.2, RT.3/RW.3,

Kramat Pela, Kec. Kby. Baru, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia

Keywords: Hygiene, Food, Behavior, Food Merchant.

Abstract: Sanitary hygiene is an effort to control the factors of food, people, places and equipment that can or may cause

disease or disturbance. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to food sanitation

hygiene at angkringan traders in Serpong and North Serpong Districts, South Tangerang City in 2022. This

study uses a quantitative method with a cross sectional design. The sampling technique used is total sampling

where the number of samples taken is the entire population found by researchers, namely 85 samples.

Collecting data by interview using a questionnaire and direct observation with an observation checklist sheet.

Data analysis using chi square test. This research was conducted in January-July 2022. The results showed

that 57 traders (67.1%) had poor food sanitation hygiene, 71 traders (83.5%) were male, 80 traders (94.1%)

had a high level of education, as many as 80 traders (94.1%) new sales <5 years, as many as 55 traders (64.7%)

have less knowledge, as many as 48 traders (56.5%) have a negative attitude, as many as 47 traders (55.3%)

availability of facilities good infrastructure, and as many as 84 traders (98.8%) never attended hygiene

sanitation training. The conclusion of this study shows that knowledge (p = 0.007) and attitude (p = 0.045)

have a relationship with food sanitation hygiene, as well as on gender (p = 1,000), education level (p = 0.166),

duration of selling (p = 1,000) , availability of infrastructure (p = 0.103), and sanitation hygiene training had

no relationship with food sanitation hygiene. It is hoped that traders will increase their knowledge about food

sanitation hygiene, one of which is by looking for information on the internet so that when touching food they

can apply it better.

1 INTRODUCTION

The human body requires food intake to become a

source of energy when carrying out daily activities. In

Indonesia, food is divided into two categories, namely

heavy food and light food. Heavy food is usually the

main menu in the morning, afternoon, and evening,

so that it can make the stomach full. Meanwhile,

snacks are small meals or snacks whose function is to

temporarily delay hunger.

According to WHO in 2020 said that consumption

of contaminated food or drink is estimated to be the

cause of disease in 1 in 10 people worldwide and the

death of 420,000 people every year. The highest

incidence and mortality rates are seen in the

continents of Africa and Southeast Asia. According

to statistics from various developed countries, 60

percent of the incidence of foodborne illness is caused

by inadequate food processing and handling methods,

which lead to contamination when serving food in

TPM or Food Management Places (Suryani &

Jannah, 2021).

According to Badan POM (2019) that there were

474 cases of food poisoning and 819 cases of

beverage poisoning, which together led to the high

prevalence of national poisoning. With this incident,

it is necessary to apply food sanitation hygiene to

anticipate or prevent the occurrence of cases of food

and beverage poisoning.

Food sanitation hygiene at traders has an influence

on food safety so that food ingredients are not

contaminated and sanitation is applied at the point of

sale to control environmental conditions from

processing raw materials to the stage of food

distribution (Hariyadi in Suryani & Astuti, 2019).

Public places have a high enough risk for the

occurrence of places of disease transmission caused

Rizki, Z., Linda, O. and Wilti, I.

Factors Related to Food Sanitation Hygiene at Angkringan Merchants in Serpong and North Serpong Districts, South Tangerang City in 2022.

DOI: 10.5220/0011651100003608

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Social Determinants of Health (ICSDH 2022), pages 105-110

ISBN: 978-989-758-621-7; ISSN: 2975-8297

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

105

by food, the environment and other health problems.

Some of the symptoms that will arise if food and

drink have been contaminated with pathogenic

bacteria are fever, abdominal pain, and vomiting.

Types of pathogenic bacteria that cause food

poisoning, including staphylococcus, escherichia

coli, and salmonella (Zakuan & Suryani, 2018).

Based on the statistical data of the National

Poisoning Case Report (2019) there are 5 provinces

with the highest number of poisoning cases, namely

West Java, East Java, DKI Jakarta, Bali, and Banten.

There were 214 cases of poisoning and 20 cases of

food poisoning reported in Banten Province (BPOM,

2019).

According to data from the South Tangerang City

Health Office in 2018, there were cases of food

poisoning in a school, namely SD Taruna Bangsa

Ciputat Serua with a total of 23 cases, the complaints

felt were nausea and dizziness.

According to information from the South

Tangerang City Health Office, there were 95

incidents of food poisoning among employees of Ace

Hardware Living World Alam Sutera in North

Serpong District in 2014.

Angkringan is a food that is located on the side of

the road that offers a variety of snacks. Angkringan

are generally found on the side of the highway or on

the corner, which is actually a very dangerous place

with a lot of traffic pollution. In addition, the food in

the angkringan is rarely covered, so dust and fumes

from passing vehicles can contaminate the food. The

food and drinks offered may become contaminated as

a result of this activity (Suryani & Astuti, 2019).

Based on observations that have been carried out

by researchers by 10 angkringan traders in Serpong

and North Serpong Districts, it was found that there

are still food sellers who have not implemented food

sanitation hygiene, namely where people who are

directly in contact with or in contact with food such

as food handlers have not performed food sanitation

hygiene behavior, such as not washing hands before

handling food ingredients that will be processed by 9

traders, not wearing gloves when handling food 8

traders, leave food open for 6 people, talking while

processing food 6 people, unavailability of trash cans

as many as 8 traders, the unavailability of a place to

wash hands and adequate equipment such as water

taps and the absence of clean running water as many

as 8 traders.

Based on the description of the background, the

researchers are interested in conducting research

related to “Factors Relating to Food Sanitation

Hygiene at Angkringan Merchants in Serpong and

North Serpong Districts, South Tangerang City in

2022".

2 METHOD

This study uses quantitative research methods and

cross sectional design. Based on the results of

observations made by researchers in Serpong and

North Serpong sub-districts, there are 85 angkringan

traders. The population of this study were all

angkringan traders in Serpong, South Tangerang

City. The sampling technique used is the total sample,

where the number of samples taken is the entire

population found by researchers 85 samples.

Researchers collected data using questionnaire-based

interviews and direct observation with checklist

sheets. The analysis used by the researcher is

univariate and bivariate.

The variables studied were food sanitation

hygiene, gender, education level, length of sale,

knowledge, attitude, availability of infrastructure, and

sanitation hygiene training. This research was

conducted from January to July 2022.

3 RESULT

Research Overview

This research was conducted in the districts of

Serpong and North Serpong. Serpong sub-district

with an area of 24.04 km2 with a population of

191,968 people consisting of 9 sub-districts, namely

Lengkong Wetan Buaran, Ciater, Rawa Buntu, Rawa

Mekar Jaya, Serpong, Lengkong Gudang,

Cilenggang, Lengkong Gudang Timur, and Buaran.

Meanwhile, North Serpong District has an area of

17.84 km2 with a population of 188,476 people

consisting of 7 sub-districts, namely Jelupang

Village, Pondok Jagung, Lengkong Karya, East Corn

Cottage, Paku Jaya, Paku Alam, and Pakulonan (BPS

Tangerang Selatan, 2019).

ICSDH 2022 - The International Conference on Social Determinants of Health

106

Univariate Analysis

Table 1: Recapitulation of Distribution of Respondents

Based on Univariate Analysis Results on Angkringan

Traders in Serpong and North Serpong Districts, South

Tangerang City in 2022.

Variable

Cate

n %

Food Sanitation

Hygiene

Not Good

Good

67,1

32,9

Gende

Man

Woman

83,5

16,5

Level of

Education

Low

High

5,9

94,1

Long Selling New (<5 Years)

Old (≥5 Years)

94,1

5,9

Knowledge

Not Good

Good

64,7

35,3

Attitude

Negative

Positive

56,5

43,5

Availability of

Infrastructure

Not Good

Good

44,7

55,3

Sanitation

Hygiene

Trainin

Never

Ever

98,8

1,2

Table 1 distribution of respondents based on the

results of univariate analysis on angkringan traders

showed that more traders had less food hygiene and

sanitation, amounting to 57 people (67.1%), traders

with male sex amounted to 71 people (83.5%), higher

education level as many as 80 people (94.1%), old

selling new <5 years as many as 80 people (94.1%),

lack of knowledge as many as 55 people (64.7%),

negative attitude as many as 48 people (56.5%),

availability of good infrastructure as many as 47

people (55.3%), never attended hygiene sanitation

training as many as 84 traders (98.8%).

Bivariate Analysis

Table 2: Recapitulation of the Distribution of Respondents Based on the Results of Bivariate Analysis on Angkringan Traders

in Serpong and North Serpong Districts, South Tangerang City in 2022.

Variable

Food Sanitation

Hygiene

Total

(95% CI)

Pvalue Description

Not Good Good

n % n % n %

Gender

Man

Woman

67,6

64,3

32,4

35,7

100

1,159

(0,349-3,853)

1,000 Unrelated

Level of

Education

Low

100

1,538

(1,310-1,807)

0,166

Unrelated

Lon

Sellin

New <5 year

Old ≥5 year

67,5

32,5

100

1,385

(0,218-8,800)

1,000

Unrelated

Knowled

Not Good

Good

78,2

46,7

21,8

53,3

100

4,095

(1,566-10,709)

0,007

Attitude

Negative

Positive

77,1

54,1

22,9

45,9

100

2,859

(1,124-7,270)

0,045

Availabilit

Infrastructure

Not Good

Goo

76,3

59,6

23,7

40,4

100

2,187

(0,847-5,642)

0,161

Unrelated

Sanitation

Hygiene Training

Never

Ever

67,9

32,1

100

0,321

(0,236-0,439)

0,329

Unrelated

Factors Related to Food Sanitation Hygiene at Angkringan Merchants in Serpong and North Serpong Districts, South Tangerang City in

2022

107

Based on table 2 The distribution of respondents from

the results of bivariate analysis on angkringan traders

explained that there was a relationship with food

sanitation hygiene on the knowledge variable (p-

value 0.007) and attitude (p-value 0.045). While the

gender variable (pvalue 1,000), education level (p-

value 0.166), long selling (p-value 1,000), availability

of infrastructure (p-value 0.161), and sanitation

hygiene training (p-value 0.329) explained that there

was no relationship with food sanitation hygiene. The

results of the calculation of the prevalence ratio of the

knowledge variable show that poor knowledge has a

risk of 4,095 times having poor hygiene and

sanitation behaviour. and the results of the calculation

of the prevalence ratio on attitudes show that a

negative attitude has a 2.859-fold risk of having poor

hygiene and sanitation behaviour.

4 DISCUSSION

Research conducted on angkringan traders in Serpong

and North Serpong Districts showed that as many as

57 traders (67.1%) had poor food sanitation hygiene,

but traders who had good food sanitation hygiene

were 28 respondents (32.9). Traders who do not use

head coverings when processing food mostly perform

less food hygiene hygiene behavior, as many as 70

traders (82.4%). This behavior can cause

contamination of food due to physical or biological

objects that fall on food, for example, dirt in hair.

Traders who behave in food sanitation hygiene are

less good than those with good behavior. This is due

to the lack of knowledge and information about food

sanitation hygiene by traders, the attitude of traders

who do not pay too much attention to things that need

to be done such as washing hands before and after

handling food. But if traders have a high initiative

regarding hygiene and sanitation by seeking

information, then have the opportunity to have good

hygiene and sanitation behaviour.

Based on the findings of research conducted on

angkringan traders in Serpong and North Serpong

sub-districts, it was found that 71 traders (83.5%)

were male, while only 14 traders (16.5%) were

female. The findings of the bivariate analysis carried

out with the chi-square test revealed that there was no

statistically significant correlation (p-value 1,000).

Based on the findings of the research conducted, male

traders have a lower level of food sanitation hygiene

compared to women. This is because women are more

concerned about maintaining a clean environment

than men. It is common for men to neglect their

individual hygiene practices such as rarely cutting

their nails or not washing their hands before or after

handling food.

Based on the results of univariate analysis,

respondents who have a higher education level are 80

traders (94.1%), but respondents who have a low

level of education are 5 traders (5.9%). The results of

the bivariate analysis obtained a p-value of 0.166

which means that there is no significant relationship.

The high and low level of education will affect the

mindset of individual behaviour, but it will still lose

to the habit factor that has been done for a long time

and is believed to not have a bad impact on anyone

(Astuti in Humayroh, 2016).

According to the results of univariate research

conducted, it shows that as many as 80 traders

(94.1%) who have been selling angkringan <5 years

and as many as ≥5 traders (5.9%) who have been

selling 5 years. The results of the bivariate analysis

show that the p-value obtained is 1,000, which means

that there is no relationship between the length of time

selling and food sanitation hygiene. Traders who have

been selling for more than 5 years have poor food

sanitation hygiene, this is due to the lack of

knowledge possessed by traders, so that the

implementation of good food hygiene and sanitation

is not realized. Traders who have been selling for a

long time or are new in order to be able to carry out

good food sanitation hygiene need to get support in

finding information.

Based on research conducted on angkringan

traders in Serpong and North Serpong sub-districts

showed that as many as 55 traders (64.7%) had less

knowledge and as many as 30 traders (35.3%) had

good knowledge. The results of the bivariate analysis

showed a p-value of 0.007 which means that it has a

relationship between knowledge and food sanitation

hygiene behavior. Angkringan traders have less

knowledge because according to them, the most

common sources of transmission of non-food

digestive diseases have poor hygiene and sanitation

behavior. This is due to lack of knowledge due to lack

of information and education for angkringan traders.

Based on the results of univariate analysis, as

many as 48 traders (56.5%) had a negative attitude,

while 37 traders (43.5%) had a positive attitude. The

P value of 0.045 based on bivariate data analysis

explains that there is a relationship between attitudes

and sanitation hygiene in food traders. The negative

attitude of angkringan traders can be influenced by

practices in work or selling, as well as the

environment that encourages these attitudes.

Changing the habits of food handlers is one way that

can be done to have a good attitude towards food

management. A positive attitude results from the

ICSDH 2022 - The International Conference on Social Determinants of Health

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formation of habits and awareness of the importance

of food sanitation hygiene. So that food safety can be

free from contamination.

Based on the results of univariate analysis showed

that as many as 47 traders (55.3%) who had the

availability of good infrastructure were more than

those who had the availability of poor infrastructure

as many as 38 traders (44.7%). the results of the

bivariate analysis showed a P value of 0.161. This

shows that there is no relationship. Facilities available

for anything can have a beneficial or negative impact

on the behavior of people who use these facilities

(Notoatmodjo, 2018). Based on the results of

observations using the observation checklist sheet on

the availability of infrastructure that most of the

angkringan traders' infrastructure still does not meet

the requirements, namely some angkringan traders

who do not have a place to wash their hands, do not

provide soap or hand sanitizer. In landfills, there are

still many traders whose trash cans are not closed, nor

are they made of strong and water-resistant materials.

The results of the research carried out explained

that as many as 84 traders (98.8%) had never attended

hygiene sanitation training and as many as 1 trader

(1.2%) had attended hygiene sanitation training.

Based on the data from the bivariate analysis, a P-

value of 0.329 was obtained, which means that there

is no relationship between sanitation hygiene training

and food sanitation hygiene. Based on the research

results that have been described previously,

angkringan traders who have received food sanitation

hygiene training are more likely to maintain high food

sanitation hygiene standards. This is because the

training that has been followed makes business

owners more aware, helps them understand it, and

enables them to operate it effectively.

5 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of the study it can be concluded

that: The results of the study on the variables of

gender, education level, duration of selling,

availability of infrastructure, and sanitation hygiene

training showed that there was no relationship with

food sanitation hygiene. while the results on the

knowledge and attitude variables show that there is a

relationship with food sanitation hygiene, with the p-

value of knowledge (0.007) and attitude (0.045).

It is hoped that the Health Office can help traders

to increase their knowledge about sanitation hygiene:

provide education in the form of direct counseling to

angkringan traders, indirect counseling such as using

social media where the Health Office makes

interesting videos or broadcast messages, and

distribute posters containing information on food

hygiene and sanitation and training.

It is recommended to angkringan traders to pay

attention to the condition of inadequate infrastructure

such as water used when washing equipment, pay

attention to how to store food so that it is not

contaminated by dust, and improve the quality of food

sanitation hygiene, such as providing a place to wash

hands.

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