Determinants of COVID-19 Protocol Compliance Behaviour in

Adolescents

Nia Musniati and Fitria

Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Indonesia

Keywords: COVID-19, Health Protocol, Adolescents.

Abstract: Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic is a threat to everyone, including teenagers. The transmission of COVID-

19 in adolescents will have an impact on adolescent productivity, overall health, and social impacts such as

stigma and discrimination in infected adolescents. The data on adolescents infected with COVID-19 is

estimated at 10% of the overall COVID-19 patients, but the impact of this COVID-19 on adolescents will

reduce productivity and trauma. The purpose of this study was to determine the determinants of health

protocol compliance behaviour in preventing COVID-19 in adolescent students of SMA Muhammadiyah 13

Jakarta. This research is quantitative research with a cross-sectional design. The sample is some students of

SMA Muhammadiyah 13 Jakarta as many as 127 students. The Distribution of the questionnaire was carried

out on June-July 2022. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between health protocol

compliance behaviour with gender, knowledge, attitude, family support, teacher support, friend support,

information, media, counselling. The attitude variable is the dominant variable that influences protocol

compliance behaviour in adolescents.

1 INTRODUCTION

The world at the beginning of 2020 experienced a

COVID-19 pandemic. The global situation as of

August 8, 2022 shows the number of confirmed cases

581,686,197, deaths 6,410,961 with 232 countries

infected (Kemenkes RI, 2022). COVID-19 cases in

Indonesia as of August 31 showed 6,354,245 cases

with the highest number of cases being in the

province of DKI Jakarta 1,392,192 (Satuan Tugas

Penanganan COVID-19, 2022). One of the ways to

control and prevent COVID-19 is to break the chain

of the spread of COVID-19. Breaking the chain of

transmission of COVID-19 can be done by

implementing health protocols with discipline such as

washing hands with running water using soap or hand

sanitizer and not touching the face area before

washing hands, wearing masks, and keeping a

distance in every activity (Kemenkes RI, 2020).

Currently the COVID-19 pandemic is a threat to

everyone, including teenagers. The transmission of

COVID 19 in adolescents will have an impact on

adolescent productivity, overall health and social

impacts such as stigma and discrimination in

adolescents who are infected. The impact of COVID

19 for teenagers will reduce productivity and trauma.

There are many factors that cause adolescents to

contract COVID-19. Based on the research results of

Afrianti & Rahmiati (2021) & Fadilah, Pariyana,

Aprilia, & Syakurah (2020), found that the

determinants of the COVID-19 health protocol are

age, gender, education, knowledge, attitudes, and

motivation. Based on research by Hidayati, Musniati,

Hidayat, & Nurmansyah (2022) it shows that 61.2%

of respondents have good COVID-19 prevention

behaviour. The results also showed that there was a

significant relationship between preventive behaviour

and counselling, health motivation, advertising,

perceived benefits, media access and perceived

barriers.

The results of the BPS 2020 survey stated that

respondents with an age range of 17-30 years in

complying with health protocols were lower than

those in the above age range (BPS, 2020). The

purpose of this study was to determine the

determinants of health protocol compliance

behaviour in preventing COVID-19 in adolescent

students of SMA Muhammadiyah 13 Jakarta.

186

Musniati, N. and Fitria, .

Determinants of COVID-19 Protocol Compliance Behaviour in Adolescents.

DOI: 10.5220/0011662500003608

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Social Determinants of Health (ICSDH 2022), pages 186-189

ISBN: 978-989-758-621-7; ISSN: 2975-8297

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

2 METHOD

This study is a quantitative analytic study with a

cross-sectional design. The research was conducted at

SMA Muhammadiyah 13 Jakarta. The sample of this

research was 127 students of SMA Muhammadiyah

13 Jakarta. Stratified random sampling technique is

used in this study.

Data collection was carried out in June-July 2021.

The study used a questionnaire instrument that was

distributed online via Google Form. The instrument

is equipped with Approval After Explanation and

passes the ethical test with no. 03/21.06/01057 from

the UHAMKA health research ethics commission.

The questionnaire link was distributed to all

homeroom contacts of each class (grades 1, 2 and 3).

Next, the homeroom teacher distributed questionnaire

links to social media per class. Data processing and

analysis was carried out with the SPSS application.

The analysis carried out is univariate, bivariate and

multivariate analysis.

The variables in this study consisted of the

dependent and independent variables. The dependent

variable is the behaviour of the health protocol. The

independent variables are gender, knowledge,

attitudes, information exposure, counselling, media

access, family support, teacher support, and friend

support.

3 RESULT

Table 1 shows that more respondents have COVID-

19 protocol behaviors that are compliant (52.8%),

female gender (59.8%), less knowledge (78.0%), less

attitude (71.7%), information exposure is not good

(51.2%), counseling is not good (60.6), and media

access is not good (81.1%), family support is less

supportive (72.4%), teacher support is not good (52

0,0%), friend support is not good (70.1%).

Table 2 shows that there is a significant

relationship between the behavior of the COVID-19

protocol with gender (P−value 0.021), knowledge

(P−value 0.033), attitude (P−value 0.000),

information exposure (P−value 0.000), counseling

(P−value 0.000), media access (P−value 0.009),

family support (P−value 0.000), teacher support

(P−value 0.000), peer support (P−value 0.000). Table

3 shows that from the multivariate analysis, the most

dominant variable associated with the behavior of the

student's COVID-19 protocol was attitude with an

OR of 4.277.

Table 1: Subject Distribution.

Variable n Percentage (%)

COVID-19 Protocol Behaviou

Obey 67 52.8

Not obe

60 47.2

Total 127 100

Gende

male 76 59.8

female 51 40.2

Total 127 100

Knowled

not goo

99 78.0

28 22.0

Total 127 100

Attitude

not goo

91 71.7

36 28.3

Total 127 100

Information

not goo

65 51.2

62 48.8

Total 127 100

Counselin

not goo

77 60.6

50 39.4

Total 127 100

Media

not goo

103 81.1

24 18.9

Total 127 100

Famil

ort

not goo

92 72.4

35 27.6

Total 127 100

Teacher su

ort

not goo

61 48.0

66 52.0

Total 127 100

Friend support

not

89 70.1

goo

38 29.9

Total 127 100

4 DISCUSSION

The results of the research carried out are in line with

the research of Wiranti, Sriatmi, & Kusumastuti

(2020) which shows a relationship between the

attitude variable towards the PSBB policy with p =

0.000 (p < 0.05), where compliant respondents are

superior to respondents with a positive attitude. There

is a relationship between gender and adolescent

COVID-19 protocol behaviour. Other Research by

Zhong in 2020, there is a significant relationship

between gender and COVID-19 prevention measures

Zhong et al. (2020). Knowledge also has a significant.

Determinants of COVID-19 Protocol Compliance Behaviour in Adolescents

187

Table 2: Relationship between Covid-19 Protocol.

relationship with behaviour of COVID-19 protocols

(p = 0.015 < 0.05), where the majority of people with

high knowledge have good compliance (Afrianti &

Rahmiati, 2021).

Hidayati et al. (2022) also show that there is a

relationship between the media and prevention

behaviour. Such as getting information from television

(p 0.027), getting information from seminars or

counselling (p 0.001), and getting information from

social media (p 0.000). The media is very accessible

to teenagers, so the media plays a role in conveying

information to teenagers, including information on

health protocols.

Family support, teacher support, and support in

this study showed a significant relationship with

health protocol behaviour in adolescents. Based on

Lawrence Green's precede-proceed theory which

states that support is one of the reinforcing factors that

support the occurrence of certain behaviours (Green

& Kreuter, 2005; Saifah, Sahar, & Widyatuti, 2019).

Support from family, teachers, friends can

motivate adolescents to carry out health behaviours

such as obeying health protocols. This is also

supported by the research results of Hidayati et al.

(2022) which shows that health motivation is very

dominant in influencing COVID-19 prevention

behaviour.

Table 3: Multivariate Result.

Variable P−value OR

Attitude 0.004 4.277

Teacher support 0.015 3.060

Friend Su

ort 0.013 3.722

Information 0.048 2.409

Constant 0.000 0.001

Variable

COV I D-19 Pr ot ocol

behaviour

P−val ue

95% CI

Obey Not obey

n % n %

n %

Gender

33 64.7 18 35.3 51 100

0.021

2.265

(1.090-4.704)

34 44.7 42 55.3 76 100

now

not good 57 57.6 42 42.4

99 100

0.033

2.443

(1.024-5.829)

goo

10 35.7 18 64.3 28 100

Att

not good 58 63.7 33 36.3

91 100

0.000

5.273

(2.216-12.548)

good 9 25.0 27 75.0

36 100

Information

not good

45 69.2 20 30.8 65 100

0.000

4.091

(1.951-8.577)

good

22 35.5 40 64.5 62 100

Counselling

not good

51 66.2 26 33.8 77 100

0.000

4.168

(1.951-8.904)

good

16 32.0 34 68.0 50 100

Media

not good

60 58.3 43 41.7 103 100

0.009

3.389

(1.293-8.880)

goo

7 29.2 17 70.8 24 100

not good

58 63.0 34 37.0 92 100

0.000

4.928

(2.068-11.742) goo

9 25.7 26 74.3 35 100

ach

not good 46 75.4 15 24.6

61 100

0.000

6.571

(3.013-14.331) goo

21 31.8 45 68.2 66 100

not good 59 66.3 30 33.7

89 100

0.000

7.375

(3.013-18.053)

goo

8 21.1 30 78.9 38 100

ICSDH 2022 - The International Conference on Social Determinants of Health

188

5 CONCLUSIONS

Determinants of health protocols in adolescents are

gender, knowledge, attitude, family support, teacher

support, friend support, information, media, and

counselling. The attitude variable is the dominant

variable that influences protocol compliance

behaviour in adolescents.

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