Identification of Ergonomic Factors of Rattan Bag Handicraft

Products in Indonesia

Dwi Cahyadi

1,2

, Siti Haida Ismail

, Mohd Yusof Md Daud

and Roslina Mohammad

Department of Design, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda, Indonesia

Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Keywords: Ergonomic, Handicraft, Rattan, Bag, Indonesia.

Abstract: Ergonomics is a field of science that pays attention to the suitability of products with humans as users. One

of the products used by humans is handicraft products. Rattan handicrafts are works of art that have great

opportunities for improving the economy in Indonesia. One of these handicraft products is a bag made of

rattan. Rattan bags continue to be developed in production and innovation to meet market needs. With these

market opportunities following the direction of the Indonesian government's policy to increase rattan craft

innovation, this study aims to find the application of ergonomic factor analysis to rattan bag handicraft

products in Indonesia by reviewing previous studies, sources, journals, books, and websites. From the SLR

and PRISMA method findings, most references mentioned the importance of ergonomics in increasing

product innovation of rattan bags through the importance of the user's anthropometric role in designing rattan

bags. It also includes the importance of ergonomic handle designs, placing items in the bag for easy to find,

and using rattan materials that are processed in such a way that they are more robust in accommodating loads

and safe and comfortable in designing rattan bags in Indonesia.

1 INTRODUCTION

Rattan is the second most important economic

product of forest products after bamboo (Pratono,

2019). Rattan raw materials can be sold directly and

can also be used as material for the manufacture of

handicraft and furniture products. One of the

producers of rattan raw materials in the world is

Indonesia, where around 70-80 percent of rattan raw

materials are produced in Indonesia (Octavia &

Nugroho, 2019).

With high rattan resources, it provides an

excellent opportunity for Indonesia to make and

develop products made from rattan, especially

handicrafts made from rattan. This handicraft in the

form of woven rattan has existed since ancient times

in Indonesia. One of the points in the Master Plan for

Indonesia's National Industrial Development 2015-

2035 states that to increase industrial development in

Indonesia, it can rely on increasing competitiveness

and product quality, one of which is rattan

handicrafts.

From the master plan, the rattan handicraft

industry is expected to achieve quality products to

improve Indonesia's economy by 2020-2035. One of

the steps taken to achieve the appropriate quality of

rattan handicraft products is to increase research and

innovation activities in developing rattan handicraft

product designs (Perindustrian, 2015).

Various types of rattan handicraft products that

are commonly made are baskets, bags, and mats.

Rattan bags have the potential to develop product

innovations from a variety of materials and shapes.

The shape and uniqueness of the rattan bag have

various forms that can attract buyers. As a product,

rattan bags need to be developed in order to have

better product quality. Product quality can be

developed through an ergonomic design (Armougum,

Gaston-Bellegarde, Joie-La Marle, & Piolino, 2020).

In determining the direction in developing rattan

bag products that have innovations according to the

directions of the master plan, it is necessary first to

know the extent to which ergonomic factors play a

role in the development of handicraft products made

of rattan bags. Therefore the ergonomic requirements

of rattan bag craft products in Indonesia will be an

essential part of meeting consumer needs and

satisfaction and will further affect the economic value

of the product itself.

Cahyadi, D., Ismail, S., Daud, M. and Mohammad, R.

Identiﬁcation of Ergonomic Factors of Rattan Bag Handicraft Products in Indonesia.

DOI: 10.5220/0011713100003575

In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science (iCAST-ES 2022), pages 94-100

ISBN: 978-989-758-619-4; ISSN: 2975-8246

This study was conducted to find the application

of ergonomic factor analysis to rattan bag products in

Indonesia by reviewing previous studies. The final

result of this research using A Systematic Review and

PRISMA will later seek conclusions about the role of

ergonomic factors in developing product innovation,

especially rattan bag handicraft products in Indonesia.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Handicraft from Rattan

Products from rattan can be found in the form of

furniture and handicraft products. Rattan is one of the

natural raw materials for non-timber forest products

used to manufacture various products. According to

Gu and Zhang (2020), rattan raw materials can be

processed through traditional handicraft techniques.

Rattan strips can be arranged and made to support

each other in the webbing to provide a product's

flexible, lightweight, comfortable, and durable

support.

Indonesia is one of the world's largest producers

of rattan raw materials. These rattan plants are often

found in Kalimantan, Sumatera, and Sulawesi. Since

ancient times in Indonesia, processing raw rattan

materials has been an art of production from furniture

and handicraft products. These handicraft products

can function as a tool to carry or store garden and

forest products.

Figure 1. is an example of a rattan bag handicraft

product that was most often used to store garden

products and animal hunts on the island of

Kalimantan, Indonesia (DekranasdaKaltim, 2015).

Figure 1: Handicraft rattan bags (DekranasdaKaltim, 2015).

2.2 Ergonomic Factors in Handicraft

Today, handicraft rattan bags in Indonesia made by

industry are now shifting from storing gardening

products to functions for modern living needs, such

as rattan fashion products used when going to

shopping centers or traveling to tourist attractions,

and can even be used at formal events. Figure 2 is an

example of rattan handicrafts as bags that can be used

in these activities (Manika, 2021).

Figure 2: Rattan handicraft products and their functions

today (Manika, 2021).

With the addition of the function of the rattan bag

product into a fashion bag product, it is necessary to

design a rattan bag product design that is more

comfortable, aesthetic, and creative that is adapted to

its function as a fashion product today.

According to Choi et al. (2021); (Leung, Shin,

Han, & Jiao, 2021), developing an ergonomic product

design must pay attention to human activities as users.

The development of innovative products such as more

ergonomic handicrafts can result in higher user

satisfaction because the products are more

comfortable and safe to wear (Aminy &

Purwaningrum, 2021; Kim, Sung, Saakes, Huang, &

Xiong, 2021).

2.3 The Systematic Literature Review

Method

The systematic literature review (SLR) method

identifies, reviews, evaluates, and interprets all

available research with topic areas of interest. The

SLR method can be carried out through systematic

review and identification of journals, which follow

the steps or protocols set (Triandini, Jayanatha,

Indrawan, Putra, & Iswara, 2019).

A systematic literature review was carried out to

guide identification and analysis. A systematic review

was undertaken to serve many vital roles in

synthesizing the state of knowledge in the field. In

addition, this review can also answer questions that

otherwise cannot be answered by studies (Akhigbe,

Zolnourian, & Bulters, 2017; Gonçalves, Castro,

Araújo, & Heineck, 2018; Page et al., 2021).

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic

Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) aims to

improve the quality of systematic reviews to produce

more transparent results. Preferred reporting items for

systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines

Identiﬁcation of Ergonomic Factors of Rattan Bag Handicraft Products in Indonesia

(PRISMA) were adopted to explore the literature

systematically. PRISMA can be done through the

stages of Identification, Screening, and eligibility

(Hulshof et al., 2021; Oluleye, Chan, & Olawumi,

2022).

3 METHOD

This research will use A Systematic Literature

Review. The steps in this research are :

a)Research Questions

Research Questions are made based on the research

objectives to be achieved later.

b)Search Process

The data search process is carried out to answer

research questions from journals, proceedings, and

books.

c)Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

This step is to decide whether the data obtained are

feasible or not in SLR research.

d) Quality Assessment

The data that has been obtained will be analyzed and

evaluated in SLR research based on the following

quality assessment criteria questions.

e) Data Collection

Data collection is the stage where data for research is

collected.

f) Data Analysis

At this stage, the data that has been collected will be

analyzed.

g) Deviation from Protocol

As a result of the study, the authors wrote several

changes to the deviation from protocol.

4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

a) Research Question

Research Question based on the purpose of this

research are several questions, namely:

RQ1: What are the ergonomic factors in the

development of rattan bag products from

2016-2022?

RQ2: What are the ergonomic factors in supporting

the development of rattan bag products in

Indonesia?

b)Search Process.

The process of searching for data in this study to

answer research questions came from journals,

proceedings, and books which were carried out using

search engines from sites such as Scopus, Google

Scholar, and Springer Journal.

c) Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria.

In this step, it is necessary to decide whether the data

obtained are feasible or not in SLR research. The

feasibility of this study is based on:

1. Data used in the period 2016 - 2022.

2. Data was obtained through Scopus, Google

Scholar, and Springer journals sites.

3. The data used only relates to ergonomic factors

in developing handicraft products made of rattan

bags in Indonesia.

d) Quality Assessment

The data that has been obtained will be analyzed and

evaluated in this SLR study. The data is based on the

following quality assessment criteria questions:

QA1: Are journals, proceedings or books discuss

about ergonomics in the development of

rattan bag published in 2016-2022?

QA2: Does the journal discuss ergonomics in

the development of rattan bag products in

Indonesia?

From each research obtained, an answer value for

each of the questions above will be given, namely:

1. Y (Yes): for the role of ergonomic factors in

ergonomics research in developing rattan bag

products in Indonesia during the 2016-2022

period.

2. N (No): the role of ergonomic factors is not used

in research on the development of rattan bag

products in Indonesia during the 2016-2022

period.

e) Data Collection

Data collection is the stage where data for research is

collected. The data collection process can be seen in

Figure 3.

f) Data Analysis.

At this stage, the data that has been collected will be

analyzed to show:

1. The role of ergonomic factors in the

development of rattan bag products from 2016-

2022 (referring to RQ1).

2. The role of ergonomics used in research on

rattan bag products in Indonesia (refer to RQ2).

iCAST-ES 2022 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science

Figure 3: Flowchart articles selection.

g) Deviation from Protocol

As a result of the study, the authors wrote several

changes to the deviation from protocol:

1. Identify the role of ergonomic factors in

developing rattan bag products in Indonesia

(Research Question).

2. Collect journals, proceedings, and books to

answer and ensure the role and analysis of

ergonomics in developing rattan bag products in

Indonesia as needed, as shown in Table 1.

3. Expand the description of SLR.

Table 1: Quality assessment results from articles.

No Years QA1 QA2

1 2016

2 2017

3 2018

4 2019

5 2020

6 2021

7 2022

Sum 253 5

Data Analysis

Data analysis from the literature review results with

the snowballed process is shown in table 2.

Table 2: Articles that have been selected from the process.

No Authors/

Years

Gaps Results

1 (Shyafary

& Rahman,

2016)

Ergonomic

analysis to

determine the

weight of the

bag and

product

dimensions

according to

the user's

anthropometry.

The bag is

designed using

rattan as an

accent as well as

elevating local

wisdom from

the use of rattan

raw materials.

2 (Ho &

Nirmal,

2017)

Ergonomic

handles on bag

products can

provide a

comfortable

feeling when

using the bag.

In addition to

the need for a

handle on the

bag, it is also

necessary to pay

attention to the

volume of bags

users can carry.

3 (Shyafari &

Pahrani,

2017)

The size of the

rattan bag must

be adjusted to

the user's

anthropometry,

and the

material used

needs to be

reviewed in

terms of safety

and comfort

when used.

Human

measures

closely related

to comfort can

be traced

through

anthropometric

science to

achieve comfort

and

functionality of

the product.

4 (Bitan,

Ramey, &

Milgram,

2019)

The

importance of

placing items

in the bag is

needed when it

will be used,

easy to find,

and reach the

user.

Designing a new

bag requires

attention to the

ease of finding

equipment in

terms of each

part's position,

shape, and color.

5 (Wulandari

Puspitasari,

2020)

Ergonomics is

a supporting

factor in

maximizing

the aesthetic

value of rattan

products.

This research

discusses the

production

process of

making products

from woven

rattan and aims

to determine

product comfort

standards,

6 (Ramadan

& Al-

Tayyar,

2020)

The load on the

bag should not

exceed 10

Exploration of

bag design

development

based on

Identiﬁcation of Ergonomic Factors of Rattan Bag Handicraft Products in Indonesia

percent of the

body weight.

primordial

studies and

testing the

developed

backpack by

comparing it

with existing

bags.

7 (Samri &

Rudiyanto,

2021)

Products made

of comfortable

rattan require

anthropometric

data to

determine the

size of an

ergonomic

handle.

Appropriate

ergonomics and

anthropometry

play a role in

product

development

using rattan

material.

8 (Andansari,

Keliwar, &

Pristanti,

2021)

Material is one

of the factors

that can

increase the

emotions of

bag users.

Factors

influencing

people's

preferences

in choosing a

bag of

attractiveness,

color, material,

design, and

variance.

9 (Sudana &

Mohamad,

2021)

Convenience

and anatomical

size of the

product that

does not fit the

user can affect

the user's

comfort.

The concept

of developing

arts and crafts

can be carried

out through

diversification

and innovation

in production,

product, and

distribution

technology,

according to

technological

advances and

market

dynamics.

From snowballed obtained nine articles related to

the research objectives, namely identifying and

analyzing the application of ergonomic factors in

handicraft products of rattan bags in Indonesia. In

searching articles from journals, proceedings, and

books obtained from 2016-2022, 253 articles were

identified as articles about ergonomics, bags, and

rattan. This process was followed by a screening

process through abstracts and titles so that 33 articles

were obtained. The process is carried out for better

results by conducting a quality assessment through

the eligibility process, and five articles have been

selected. In this process, the snowballing process will

be continued.

From the nine articles obtained after the

snowballing process, conclusions can be found from

the identification and analysis of the application of

ergonomic factors to rattan handicraft products in

Indonesia, namely:

1. The importance of using user anthropometric

data in designing rattan bags. To design an

ergonomic rattan bag, anthropometric data is

used to measure the bag strap's dimensions and

length. Anthropometric data used as the basis

for the minimum size are from Asian ethnic

groups, with the female gender in the 50th

percentile. Figure 4 is an example of applying

the length of a rattan bag sling strap with a size

of 64 cm.

Figure 4: The length of the bag strap (Shyafary & Rahman,

2016).

2. The importance of ergonomic handle design on

rattan bags. Ergonomic handles can be the size

and shape of the handles and straps on the bag.

An ergonomic handle can provide comfort when

used. Figure 5 is an example of a handle on a

bag that is not ergonomic.

Figure 5: Non ergonomic handle (Ho & Nirmal, 2017;

Samri & Rudiyanto, 2021).

3. It is important to place items in the bag when it

is used so that it is easy to find. The need for

placing items in the bag will form the spaces in

the bag into several parts. This makes it possible

for the bag to have one area for placing items

and an item area for other products such as keys,

wallets, and cell phones.

iCAST-ES 2022 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science

4. The rattan bag material used must have comfort

and safety when used. Its importance to use

rattan material that is processed in such a way

that it is more comfortable, safe and robust in

accommodating the load carried in the bag. The

use of a combination of materials and the shape

of the rattan weave can affect it. The shape of

woven rattan with various motifs, as shown in

Figure 6, can be selected and adjusted to the

designed bags' needs, functions, and sizes.

Figure 6: Some examples of rattan motifs (Samri &

Rudiyanto, 2021; Wulandari & Puspitasari, 2020).

Thus, in developing innovative rattan bag

handicraft products in Indonesia in the future, it is

crucial to pay attention to these ergonomic factors.

5 CONCLUSIONS

In search of journals, proceedings, and books

obtained from 2016-2022, 253 articles were identified

that wrote about ergonomics, bags, and rattan in

Indonesia. There are nine articles related to the

research objectives, which contain the importance of

the user's anthropometric role in designing rattan

bags, the importance of ergonomic handle designs,

placing items in the bag as needed when it will be

used so that it is easy to find and the use of rattan

materials that are processed in such a way that they

are stronger, safer and more comfortable in carrying

loads on rattan bags.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This study was financially supported by the

Politeknik Negeri Samarinda, Ministry of Education,

Culture, Research, and Technology of Indonesia,

through the Development Assignment Research

Scheme funded by Politeknik Negeri Samarinda

(grant number : SP DIPA-023.18.2.677612/2022),

Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics (UTM)

and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). This

research is also student research for the Ph.D.

program at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)

Malaysia; thank you for all the support towards

making this study a success.

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