System Design and Practical Elements of Digital Government

Construction: Practice and Exploration Cases Based on the Path of

Digital Government in Three Places

Yutong Wu

Soochow University, Suzhou, China

Keywords: Digital Government, Digital Governance, e-Government Services.

Abstract: Using digital information technology to promote government transformation is an inevitable requirement to

promote national governance system and governance capacity. This article will through the lateral digital

government construction in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Guizhou, Hongkong and comparative study of the path, to

clarify the three Numbers, emphasis of the construction of the government and the government of the

construction of the theoretical logic and structural elements, in the future continue to use digital technology

to increase efficiency to provide government services experience, to provide the digital construction of

outbreak era "plan" in China.

1 INTRODUCTION

Since the 19th National Congress of the Communist

Party of China in 2017 proposed the three strategies of

building a "cyber power, digital China and smart

society", digital government has become a new form

of government that integrates grid governance with

innovation. "Using digital technology to promote

government transformation has become one of the

main themes of government reform after the new

public management movement" (Dunleavy, Margetts,

Bastow, etal., 2006). The great attention of the state

has promoted local governments to issue relevant

plans in succession to accelerate the government's

transformation towards the direction of digitalization.

In the process of construction in various places, it is

often found that people's governments at all levels

have problems such as insufficient staff, complicated

statistical data, many affairs to handle, long approval

process, etc., and these problems can be effectively

solved by using digital tools in the process of

government affairs processing and disclosure. On

April 15, 2019, the 11-year-old Regulations of the

People's Republic of China on The Disclosure of

Government Information was revised for the first time

and clearly stipulated in the regulations that people's

governments at all levels should strengthen the

construction of Internet government information

disclosure platforms, once again speaking out to

support the construction of local digital governments.

In the big test of COVID-19, digital government is

a powerful tool in the fight against the epidemic. In

2021, the Report on the Work of the Government

clearly proposed for the first time that the construction

of traditional infrastructure and new infrastructure

should be promoted in a coordinated way to accelerate

digital development and create a new trend of digital

China. On November 18, 2021, The State Council

approved the "14th Five-Year plan" to promote

national government informatization, accelerate the

construction of digital government to improve the

level of government services. The conference from

three aspects -- to break the local departments of

information island should be united, China's e-

government global ranking significantly improved,

planning digital government construction to enhance

government services stressed the importance of

creating a unified national integration of government

services platform.

2 THE ORIGIN AND RESEARCH

PROGRESS OF DIGITAL

GOVERNMENT

In January 1998, the California science center for the

first time the opening ceremony of the former vice

President al gore proposed set of virtual technology, 3

602

Wu, Y.

System Design and Practical Elements of Digital Government Construction: Practice and Exploration Cases Based on the Path of Digital Government in Three Places.

DOI: 10.5220/0011753000003607

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Public Management, Digital Economy and Internet Technology (ICPDI 2022), pages 602-607

ISBN: 978-989-758-620-0

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

s technology, positioning technology, remote sensing

and GIS technology, the integration technology in the

integration of the concept of "digital earth", "digital

government" management decisions would be for the

government and e-government services provide

information query and government affairs open

platform to handle the data.

As early as 2001, some domestic scholars studied

the operation path and regulation of digital

government. Under the triple regulation of

technology, morality and system, "digital

government" carries out internal logical self-renewal

and gives consideration to efficiency and fairness in

the operation process. It was not until 2012 that some

scholars confirmed the feasibility of the combination

of digital government and Non-Governmental

organizations based on public value assessment, but

did not pay much attention to releasing the data

dividend of digital government itself and the

transformation and exploration of internal innovation

mechanism. Many scholars have defined the

connotation of data government .Some scholars

believe that can be called a digital government

electronic government (e-government) (Luna-Reye,

Gil-Garcia, 2014), there is also a domestic scholars

based on typical investigation of individual cases,

such as Shanghai (Tan, LIU, 2020), Zhejiang (Xu,

2020), Guangdong (Wu, 2020), in Guizhou digital

government construction started earlier, such as well-

developed province (city) government data operation

mechanism and innovation path of exploration and

research.

Most of the existing researches on the construction

of digital government are empirical studies to explore

the path of innovation performance of single case

digital government, and few pay attention to the

comparative analysis of provincial openness level and

path. This paper will focus on the governments of

Shanghai, Zhejiang and Guizhou, taking the

construction of digital governments in the three

regions as samples to conduct horizontal analysis of

several cases, and explore different paths of

government data opening system and release of digital

government welfare, so as to alleviate the

phenomenon of unbalanced and inadequate

development of digital government in China.

3 GOVERNMENT THEORY AND

CONSTRUCTION OF DIGITAL

GOVERNMENT IN THE

DIGITAL ERA

The information age and digital age have led to the

change of people's collective memory. Pachok

Dunleavy, the representative of digital governance

theory, tried to introduce the electronic and digital tool

platform into the process of government service and

government governance, thus catalyzed the birth of

digital governance theory. The first step, he said, is to

accelerate cross-sector integration. Break the

traditional bureaucratic administrative mode, flatten

government departments, and achieve cross-regional

and cross-department cooperation and integration.

Secondly, the relationship between government and

citizens should be reshaped to promote the

cooperative governance of diversified subjects. Let

citizens participate in the processing of government

affairs. Information technology transforms the

traditional civic participation into electronic

participation and realizes the new form of independent

choice and interaction between the government and

citizens. In addition, he also embedded technology

governance ideas. He believes that Internet and other

information technologies are an important force to

promote government reform.

According to the current situation of digital

government construction in the three places, the

construction of digital government in Shanghai takes

people's livelihood service as the main body, and is

committed to making data "taken from and used by the

people". Relying on the Shanghai Public data opening

platform, integrating people's livelihood resources, for

the first time explicitly including public data in water,

electricity, gas, communications, public transportation

and other fields into the open coverage, optimizing

distribution and use through information technology;

The difference between Zhejiang province and

Shanghai lies in that it adheres to the "data

government as a platform". From the perspective of

the motivation and opportunity of Zhejiang provincial

government reform, "running at most once" is the

product of local government's internal driving

innovation reform, and "the blade is inward", starting

from the government's own logic reform; Guizhou

province is a relatively underdeveloped region,

lacking Internet giants such as Alibaba. Therefore, in

the construction of digital government, the way of

"state-owned enterprises funded by the government"

is adopted to solve the technical problems.

This paper will be based on the core principles of

digital governance theory, expand the construction of

digital government research field of vision from the

horizontal, in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Guizhou samples

using the method of case analysis to explore more

places the development of digital government

differentiation, from integration, innovation and

System Design and Practical Elements of Digital Government Construction: Practice and Exploration Cases Based on the Path of Digital

Government in Three Places

603

reconstruction, service four dimensions to clarify the

digital logic of the construction of the government,

This paper explores the structural elements of digital

government construction from four aspects: full-chain

service platform, parallel development of two engines,

all-media communication and feedback, and multi-

subject cooperation.

The specific data source platforms of this study are

as follows: (1) Shanghai Public Data Opening

Platform (" Shanghai Platform "for short, website:

https://data.sh.gov.cn); (2) the Zhejiang government

affairs service network (http://data.zjzwfw.gov.cn) (3)

in Guizhou province government data open platform

(http://data.guizhou.gov.cn) (4) China open several

index Lin network (http://ifopendata.fudan.e Du. Cn

/). At present, all the platforms mentioned above are

in normal operation, accessible and can obtain.

4 THE SYSTEM DESIGN OF

DIGITAL GOVERNMENT

CONSTRUCTION

4.1 Integration: The Transformation of

the Concept of Digital Government

Since 2012, Shanghai has taken the lead in exploring

and promoting public data opening in China. After

years of continuous promotion, such as pilot first,

comprehensive promotion, optimization and

innovation, various works have made good progress.

In July 2018, Zhejiang province approved the

"Standardization Construction Plan of Digital

Transformation in Zhejiang Province (2018-2020)",

and Guizhou province approved the "Standardization

Construction Plan of Digital Transformation in

Zhejiang Province (2018-2020)" in July 2018.

However, compared with Shanghai, the root and

germination of big data technology lags behind about

six years. The comparison of construction time and

achievements of digital government in the three places

is shown in Figure 1.

"China Open Forest Index" is the first professional

index focused on evaluating the level of government

data openness in China. "number of roots", "number

of stems", "number of leaves" and "number of fruits"

correspond to four dimensions of readiness, platform

layer, data layer and utilization layer of open data

platforms in each region respectively. The change

trend of open forest index in Shanghai, Zhejiang and

Guizhou in recent four years is shown in Table 1.

Figure 1: Comparison of construction time and achievements

of digital government in three places.

Table 1: Change trend of open forest index in Shanghai,

Zhejiang and Guizhou.

4.2 Innovation: The Endogenous

Driving Force of Digital

Government

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out during his

visit to Shanghai that the key to the construction of

Shanghai's data government lies in "two networks" --

"one network for government services" and "one

network for urban operation". These are the two focal

points of Shanghai digital government innovation

mechanism reform. In the past three years, 357 reform

measures have been implemented, more than 3,200

items have been connected to the Platform, and the

number of public service items has reached 165

million, exceeding administrative power. Shanghai

continues to strengthen the integration of offline and

online services, and the offline layout of "door-to-

door" extension services. Government affairs and

information inquiry can be handled independently as

online shopping. Relying on Shanghai Public Data

Opening Center to set up WeChat mini program and

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provide convenient services along with the application

of citizen cloud APP.

The "Shanghai Public Data Opening Platform" has

opened 51 data departments, 100 data opening

institutions, 5,666 data sets, 58 data applications,

46,943 data items and 1,003,899,949 pieces of data.

Among them, 673 data services are the most

important. (Data collected as of December 7, 2021)

4.3 Reconstruction: The Profound

Transformation of Digital

Government

Zhejiang province carries out the reform of "running

at most once" based on the innovation of service mode

of "one window acceptance, integrated service and

one time settlement". "The blade is inward", which

forces the reform and reconstruction of government

service mode and government service process, which

is a profound transformation of digital government

itself. "Is it one window comprehensive handling or

multiple Windows professional handling?" There is

constant controversy about this issue. Professional

handling is indeed more professional than

comprehensive handling, but Zhejiang Provincial

government pays attention to the reform of the logic

of government agencies themselves, which forces the

coordinated and efficient operation between

government departments. The original expanded

special Windows of departments are reduced to the

comprehensive Windows of the government, forming

a workflow of "streamlining the front desk, refining

the middle desk and precision the back desk" -- taking

the integrated government service center as the "front

desk", streamlining institutions, reducing Windows

and receiving zero difference; Call professional

management as the "center", to achieve urban "events"

fine docking; With big data center as the

"background", data construction and sharing

accurately feed the center and the front desk.

4.4 Reconstruction: The Profound

Transformation of Digital

Government

Services according to the construction of large

comprehensive test data in Guizhou as an example,

the government fusion data leading enterprise

agglomeration effects, break between the government

and enterprises, between government and citizens,

enterprises and citizens, the barriers to information

and data barrier between the seven digital industry

agglomeration rate soared, as of the end of 2020, 208

has introduced cultivate leading enterprises,

"Manbang" has become the largest unicorn enterprise

in southwest China (Cai, 2021). Occupied in Zhejiang

province with Alibaba & apos; s geographical

advantage, and compared with the lack of Internet

industry giant enterprises in Guizhou belongs to the

less developed provinces, the participation of

government and enterprises, innovative ideas to open

data sharing platform, official endorsement to

coordinate to solve the plight of the enterprise,

enterprise also share the risk of big data project,

Accelerated industrial agglomeration and economic

development in Guizhou Province.

5 PRACTICAL ELEMENTS OF

DIGITAL GOVERNMENT

CONSTRUCTION

5.1 Full-Chain Service Platform

The development level and operation and

maintenance level of the "Internet + government

service" platform under the concept of "overall

government" are particularly important. Local

governments have also launched "Internet plus

government services" platforms to implement the

"whole chain of services" thinking. In the traditional

administrative management mode, business

management departments are scattered, leading to

repeated submission of data and communication

barriers of data materials of various departments.

However, the current full-chain services are connected

with centralized management online and offline,

cross-department business collaboration, unified

processing of public data, and diversified service

platforms (Mao, Nie, Shen, Yu, Xu, He, 2021). See

Table 2 for the service platform and mobile

application construction of the three places.

Table 2: Service platform and mobile application

construction in the three places.

Provincial/

City

integrated government

service platform

mobile

applications

Shanghai

GOVERNMENT

ONLINE-OFFLINE

SHANGHAI

SuiShen

Zhejiang

Province, city, county,

township, village

linkage Zhejiang

government service

networ

Zheliban

Guizhou

Guizhou Government

Service Networ

Yun of

uizhou

System Design and Practical Elements of Digital Government Construction: Practice and Exploration Cases Based on the Path of Digital

Government in Three Places

605

Since scholar Nakamoto proposed Bitcoin white

paper Bitcoin: A Peer-to-peer Electronic Cash System

in 2008, blockchain technology has attracted the

attention of A large number of scholars in the field of

computer. Based on the imtamability and traceability

of blockchain technology, some scholars put forward

the concept of blockchain as a service, believing that

blockchain as a service is a new application way to

embed blockchain framework into cloud computing

platform. Based on the blockchain as a service

platform, multi-chain concurrency can be tried out and

multi-sub-transactions can be processed in parallel,

which improves the efficiency of the government

affairs management platform and reduces the pressure

of operation and maintenance personnel.

5.2 The Two Engines are Neck and

Neck

Relying on the digital engine to provide higher

quality platform development, platform operation and

maintenance, so that enterprises and individuals

enjoy the dividend released by information

technology. The application of big data, block chain,

cloud computing and object-connected technologies

in community governance, urban management and

government affairs processing is an inevitable

requirement for building a digital China and

deepening the informatization level of local

governments. Online data open platforms, smart

mobile applications and offline one-window access

are running side by side, and people and information

technology are connecting to build a digital

government and a digital China. The online data open

platform will integrate and summarize spatial

geographic data resources, population data resources,

people's livelihood feedback information and other

data to break the data barriers between different

fields; Offline business management forms a service

system of "zero difference acceptance", which greatly

reduces the legwork cost of government affairs

management and realizes "running at most once".

5.3 All-Media Communication and

Feedback

New media originates from the rapid development of

information network. The mechanism of

communication and feedback between the

government and citizens in the new media

environment mainly includes the following aspects:

First, we need to make government affairs more open

and transparent. Citizens can check the information

released by government officials on the website at

any time through the Internet, such as news,

introduction of lawmakers and national news, which

is the convenience provided by Internet government

affairs. Only by creating an integrated data opening

and government affairs handling platform and mobile

applications, and making government affairs

important news open and transparent, can citizens

participate in government affairs and supervision

mechanisms. Second, strengthen publicity and

distribution. Many citizens are not aware of

convenience platforms such as WeChat mini

programs and mobile apps. Through mobile apps,

citizens can report inconvenience in livelihood

services and make an appointment for government

affairs online. For example, Shanghai held SODA

Open data Innovation and application Competition

and the announcement of brand logo solicitation to

raise the attention of people from all walks of life to

the building of Shanghai digital government.

5.4 Multi-Stakeholder Coordination

and Cooperation

Use data to construct communication channels

between the government and enterprises and between

the government and citizens, and establish a multi-

subject collaborative governance mechanism. First of

all, "government-led cooperation with enterprises" is

an effective practice of cooperation among diversified

subjects. In February 2018, Guizhou officially

established Cloud Guizhou Big Data Co., LTD., a

state-owned enterprise funded by the Guizhou

Government. Secondly, the university research force

represented by the Digital and mobile Governance

Laboratory (DMG) of Fudan University investigated

the four dimensions of readiness, platform layer, data

layer, utilization layer and subordinate multi-level

index evaluation index system to rank and compare

the open forest index in each region.

6 CONCLUDING

We can find that the construction of digital

government is one of the main themes of government

transformation in the digital era by combining the

governance theory in the digital era and the practice

and exploration of the path of digital government in

the three regions. In the era of the epidemic, local

governments called for the implementation of "palm

office", "online office" and "online appointment",

avoiding offline contact. It can be seen that digital

government is inevitable for the current government

reform. "Do" free net phone in Shanghai development

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of the practice, the Zhejiang province "up to run a"

reform itself, Guizhou enterprise cooperation

construction big data effectively is the positive

exploration and practice of digital government

construction in China, and in other parts for the

construction of digital government provides the

demonstration, put forward to cope with the digital

age, and after the outbreak of the era of "plan" in

China. The concepts of integration, reconstruction,

innovation, collaboration and service provide new

possibilities and thoughts for digital governance

schemes. The comprehensive promotion of service

chain, the construction of digital China driven by two

engines and the cooperation of media platforms

should also form a collaborative mechanism

dominated by the government and the participation of

diversified subjects.

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