Automatic Irrigation System for Shrimp Pond Using Float Level

Sensors and MQTT

Mohammad Robihul Mufid, Mochammad Jauhar Ulul Albab, M. Udin Harun Al Rasyid,

Arif Basofi, Yunia Ikawati and Yovie Andrian

Computer and Informatic Department, Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya, Sukolilo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Keywords: Shrimp Pond, Automation System, Float Level Sensor, MQTT.

Abstract: Indonesia is the number 5 shrimp producing country in the world. The Indone-sian Ministry of Maritime

Affairs and Fisheries wants to develop shrimp farming into one of the leading export commodities by 2024

by increasing production by 250%. Although that doesn't mean that shrimp farmers don't have problems, one

of the problems farmers face every year is the difficulty of finding water during summer which can cause crop

failure, therefore farmers need help with water ir-rigation in shrimp ponds. Therefore, in this study we created

a system that can automatically fill water in shrimp ponds using a Float Level Sensor which is used as an

indicator of whether or not water should be filled. This study also uses the MQTT Protocol to transmit data

from the automatic irrigation system to the user's smartphone so that the user can also monitor the pond. The

automatic irrigation system can also be activated via the user's smartphone by sending orders from the mobile

phone which will be transferred to the system using MQTT. From the ex-periments conducted, it was found

that the use of MQTT is more appropriate for this system than other protocols in the data exchange process.

1 INTRODUCTION

The shrimp market in Indonesia is quite large and

Indonesia is one of the 5 (five) largest shrimp

producers in the world, is a great opportunity to

continue to encourage increased shrimp production in

Indonesia. That’s why Marine and Fisheries Ministry

Indonesia make a program to develop shrimp

cultivation to become one of the leading export

commodities by increasing the production up to 250%

in 2024 (Wati, 2018).

Even though the government has made a program

to increase shrimp cultivation, so far the cultivators

still have some problems, especially when the

summer comes, farmers have difficulty getting water

because farmers often experience crop failure,

therefore farmers still need help to help. to get water

and increase shrimp production, one of which is a tool

that can help and facilitate farmers in automatically

irrigating shrimp ponds.

Several studies have been conducted regarding the

system automation, the MQTT protocol, and

irrigation are among the studies by (Khujamatov et

al., 2019) in the journal entitled "Modeling and

Research of Automatic Sun Tracking System on the

bases of IoT and Arduino UNO" in 2019 explained

about automatioc system using IoT. solar panel

automatic modeling is a software model environment.

IoT that based automatic Sun Tracking depend on the

angle of the sun's rays on the surface. Modeling the

solar panels and power systems require self-propelled

driving equipment are designed for maximum output

energy. The Automatic Sun Tracking system moving

in relation to solar radiation (Khujamatov et al.,

2019).

There is also studies by (Dinculeană and Cheng,

2019) who proposed a MQTT. Message Queue

Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is a protocol used for

communication within an IoT environment that the

functions work on top TCP/IP. MQTT created by

IBM as a machine-to-machine, lightweight

communication method. MQTT is a messaging

protocol that uses the publish and subscribe

communication method, where user did not need to

update by themselves, because of that MQTT is the

best choice to transfer data because it had low

bandwidth environment.

There is also studies by S.K. Luthra et al. in the

journal “Design and development of an auto irrigation

system” that explained about auto irrigation system,

In scientific irrigation scheduling water should be

258

Muﬁd, M., Albab, M., Al Rasyid, M., Basoﬁ, A., Ikawati, Y. and Andrian, Y.

Automatic Irrigation System for Shrimp Pond Using Float Level Sensors and MQTT.

DOI: 10.5220/0011758200003575

In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science (iCAST-ES 2022), pages 258-262

ISBN: 978-989-758-619-4; ISSN: 2975-8246

applied to a crop at an appropriate soil water tension

to fulfil its evapotranspiration requirement. This can

be achieved by developing an automatic irrigation

system. In this system soil water tension is sensed

through a modified manometer type tensiometer. The

design provides control of irrigation at the predecided

soil water tensions and preprogrammed timer (Luthra

at al., 1997).

That’s why in this research we make a system that

can automatically turn on a pump and fill in water to

the pond when the water in pond is runs out by using

float level sensor. This research also using MQTT

Protocol to sending data from system to user

smartphone device.

2 OVERVIEW OF AUTOMATION

SYSTEM

Automation System (Domingues et al., 2016) is a

system that oriented to the computerized control and

management of building services. The architecture of

this system can be organized into three layers:

1. The lowest layer or Field Layer where the

interaction with devices such a sensor.

2. The middle layer is the Automation Layer,

where the measurements are processed.

3. The top layer is the Management Layer, where

activities like system data presentation,

forwarding, trending, logging, and archival take

place

Modern automation system tend to separate the

automation logic from the user interface through

service-oriented abstractions, providing flexible

access to the system from several different platforms

and locations (Mufid et al., 2018).

3 OVERVIEW OF MQTT

Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is a

protocol that runs on top of the TCP/IP and specially

designed for machine-to-machine special address.

MQTT working system apply Publish and subscribe

date and on implementation, the device will be

connected to a Broker and have a certain topic (Mufid

et al., 2020).

- Broker : Broker ad a function to handle publish

data and subscribe from various device, can be

linked to server that has a dedicated IP address.

Some examples of existing brokers such as

Mosquitto, HiveMQ and Mosca.

- Publish : publish is a way for device to send data

to subscribers. Usually in this publisher is the

device that connected to a particular sensor.

- Subscribe : subscribe is a way for a device to

receive various data from publishers, subscriber

can be used to save data request from sensor and

send it to the publisher when the request is

asked.

- Topic : topis had a function to grouping data by

certain category.

4 SYSTEM DESIGN

Figure 1 show that this system will be 3 float sensor

level that will be connected to microcontroller, 1

sensor for the bottom part of the pond, 1 sensor in the

top part of the pond, and 1 sensor that will be placed

on the ditch.

Figure 1: System Design.

Each sensor level will receive their data to

microcontroller and microcontroller will processing

each data which will later become an order in

accordance with what has been formulated below.

Formula description with 1 is True or ON and 0 is

False or OFF.

Table 1: Float Level Sensor Formula.

Bottom

level sensor

Top level

sensor

Pitch

sensor

Pump

Automatic Irrigation System for Shrimp Pond Using Float Level Sensors and MQTT

259

4.1 Use Case Diagram of this System

Use case diagram is a tecinique that used to develop

a software or information system for functional

purpose from the system. Use case explaning about

interaction between user and sytem. From the figure

2 we can see that user will have some fiture from the

system like, turn on the pump manually from

smartphone, monitoring water condition, and also

changing each sensor condition.

Figure 2: Usecase Diagram.

4.2 Activity Diagram of this System

Activity diagram used to describe varion activity that

will be designed in the system, where each plot will

be had start, decision from system, and the end of the

system. In figure 3 can show where user can see each

sensor condition from sensor, user also can turn on

the pump manually from smartphone. The data will

be collected from each sensor and will be subscribed,

and published to MQTT broker from system.

Figure 3: Activity Diagram.

4.3 Design Interface of this Application

Smartphone design interface used to describe menu

and the interface for the smartphone application.

Figure 4 show that there will be only 1 interface for

the smartphone application, on that interface user can

monitoring each sensor condition in smartphone, user

also can turn on the pump manually by using the

switch button.

Figure 4: Design Interface.

4.4 Design Circuit of this System

Figure 5: Design Circuit.

From the desiign circuit in figure 5, we can see there

is microcontroller esp 32 that already had wifi modul,

and there will be relay that used to switch on or off

the pump and there.

5 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

Figure 6 show the built of the device, where there is

microcontroller that used to processing data that been

send by sensor float level, there is also relay that will

control the power of water pump.

iCAST-ES 2022 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science

260

Figure 6: Automation device.

We also make application like in figure 7 for user

to control the system via wifi. In the application user

can control and monitoring the condition of the 3

sensor, user also can tunr on or turn of the pump by

switching the function.

Figure 7: User smartphone application interface.

There is also some difference between MQTT and

other protocol like HTTP and XMPP show in figure

8, one thing that make MQTT is the best protocol is

because MQTT had low bandwidth environment that

made the data transfer faster than other protocol.

Figure 8: Protocol graph delay data transfer.

In the reporting process. Device already work

properly where is in automatic mode or manual like

what we can see in the graph below.

Table 2: Testing Scenario.

Task

Manual

Automatic

Turn on the

pump

Work

properly

Work

properly

Turn off the

pump

Work

properly

Work

properly

6 CONCLUSION

One of the problem that often occur for shrimp farmer

is the difficulty to get water especially when summer

season. So in this research we make a automation

system for water irrigation that will be implemented

on water pump. This automation system used float

level sensor to become the indicator when the water

in the pomp draining and when the water come to the

ditch. This research we used MQTT protocol to send

data from the system to user smartphone device so

that user can monitoring and turn on the pump

manually from smartphone from the device testing.

We get the conclusion that the device works well with

the manual method and the automatic method using

the MQTT protocol because of the lower bandwidth

usage compared to other protocols. For further

research, it is recommended not only to build an

irrigation system but also to be equipped with a

recommendation system for fertilization.

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