Study on the Level Measurement and Spatial Differentiation of
New-Type Urbanization in Shaanxi Province
Xiaoliang Zhao
Institute of Human Geography of Tourism, Xi 'an International Studies University, China
Keywords: New Urbanization, Measure, Spatial Differentiation, Shaanxi Province.
Abstract: Based on the review of the research on regional urbanization level measurement and the definition of the
connotation of new urbanization, this paper constructs an index system to measure regional urbanization
level, which includes 19 indicators from four aspects of regional economic development, social
development, ecological environment and technological innovation using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
and the principle of system cluster analysis, and using SPSS19.0 statistical analysis software to complete
data analysis processing, urbanization and level of 10 cities in Shaanxi province and space differences make
the comprehensive quantitative evaluation according to the difference between cities in Shaanxi province
can be divided into four classes: namely high is higher General and low level area The new-type
urbanization in Shaanxi province generally shows a trend of higher in the middle and higher in the
northwest and lower in the east and west. Each prefecture-level city in Shaanxi province develops related
industries according to its own advantages and makes urbanization development strategies according to
local conditions, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the new-type urbanization level.
1 INTRODUCTION
With the continuous expansion of city in our country,
the urbanization level enhances unceasingly but
compared with other developed countries and
regions, the urbanization level, there is obvious
difference also exposed the extensive economic
growth in China environmental damage gap between
urban and rural areas is larger under this background,
the concept of new urbanization arises at the historic
moment new means of obtain employment of
urbanization is a way of life space of public service
area social governance as well as the living
environment of beautification, urbanization is a high
quality high level of urbanization, but also the
sublation of the urbanization and the theory and
practice of small towns and beyond In recent years,
the research on new type of urbanization increased
rapidly, mainly focused on the analysis of the
connotation of urbanization and promote new
strategy research (
Song, Jin 2016, Zhu, Liu 2017,
Dong, Yang, Liu 2017
) construction of evaluation
index system for new urbanization. Evaluation of
new urbanization level in specific regions
(
Economic Geography 2010 ) and research on
related issues under the background of new
urbanization (
Zhang 2015 ) as the new starting point
of the Silk Road and the gateway of northwest China,
along with the Belt and Road The research on the
strategy of new-type urbanization in Shaanxi
province facing 2035, issued by Shaanxi Province
and is the 14th year of Shaanxi province. This study
combines the connotation requirements and stage
characteristics of the current national and Shaanxi's
high-quality urbanization development, puts forward
the value orientation and overall goal of Shaanxi's
high-quality urbanization development, as well as
the basic ideas and key tasks of Shaanxi's
urbanization development in the next stage although
Shaanxi province has made a lot of efforts in
promoting new-type urbanization, how about the
level of new-type urbanization? Although there are
many scholars' researches, most of them are mainly
carried out for economic regions or city clusters, and
few people have made a comprehensive quantitative
analysis on the new-type urbanization level of 10
prefecture-level cities in Shaanxi Province through
in-depth research on the connotation of new
urbanization, this study determines the evaluation
index system of new urbanization, and uses relevant
data to measure and analyze the level of new
urbanization of 10 prefecture-level cities in Shaanxi
province.
772
Zhao, X.
Study on the Level Measurement and Spatial Differentiation of New-Type Urbanization in Shaanxi Province.
DOI: 10.5220/0011767500003607
In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Public Management, Digital Economy and Internet Technology (ICPDI 2022), pages 772-777
ISBN: 978-989-758-620-0
Copyright
c
 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

2 THE CONNOTATION OF NEW
URBANIZATION
New urbanization has become the main trend of
urbanization development in China. Like traditional
urbanization, it also increases the proportion of
non-agricultural population along with the
expansion of urban scale. However, the connotation
of new urbanization is more than this, compared
with the pursuit of quantity in traditional
urbanization, new urbanization pursues more quality
improvement (Zhang,2015). Shimou Yao (Yao
,
2014
) believes that in the process of urbanization
development, it is important to emphasize the
importance of resource conservation, focusing on
quality and efficiency and narrowing the gap
between urban and rural areas (
Zhu, Liu 2017 ). In
recent years, the theoretical research and practical
discussion of new urbanization, such as the meaning
and extension of new urbanization, the construction
of evaluation index system and the measurement of
new urbanization development level, have become
hot topics in the research field of new urbanization
in China. For example, Shenglian Song and Yuehua
Jin (
Song, Jin 2016 ) compared the new urbanization
with urbanization and small towns, and believed that
the new urbanization is the urbanization of life style,
employment style, public service space, regional
social governance and the optimization of living
environment; Zhancang Zhang (
Economic
Geography 2010
) systematically analyzed the
theoretical perplexities faced by the new
urbanization in the theoretical perplexities and
innovative directions of China's new urbanization;
Zhongchao Du used cluster analysis method to
classify the new urbanization of Xian yang City in
Shaanxi province and deeply analyzed the
development level of the new urbanization of Xian
yang City (
Du, Yang 2014 ).Based on the above
viewpoints, the connotation of new urbanization can
be summarized in the following aspects ；The new
urbanization first emphasizes the economic
development as the driving force, thus emphasizing
the transformation of the role of the government;
Secondly, the intensive utilization of resources,
avoid the infinite expansion of city scale and
environmental protection to make matting new
urbanization emphasis on urban and rural areas as a
whole at the same time, the income of urban and
rural in the gap between public facilities
construction, in order to achieve the goal of a fair
and harmonious. The new urbanization to emphasize
the people-oriented, requires consideration of the
needs of the residents in urban and rural
construction, in health education medical housing
and other aspects to meet their needs, while
emphasizing the optimization of the environment, to
achieve a beautiful living environment.
3 CONSTRUCTION OF NEW
URBANIZATION LEVEL
EVALUATION SYSTEM
3.1 Determine the Evaluation Index
The urbanization in our country is based on
people-oriented, pushing agricultural transfer of
population urbanization, lead the population flow,
and guided by the concept of ecological civilization,
improve the urban and rural living environment,
intensive use of resources of the new urbanization
includes many factors, involving many aspects, such
as social economy, all aspects should be considered
on the basis of constructing evaluation index system
in many aspects (Wang, Xie, Huang, 2013). Based
on the analysis of existing studies and according to
the scientific, feasible, comprehensive, typical and
systematic principles of the new urbanization
measurement index system (Frieman.J,2006), a new
urbanization measurement index system is
constructed, which takes economic development,
social development, ecological environment,
scientific and technological development as the
first-level index.
3.2 The Standardization of Data
In this paper, the relevant data of 19 typical
indicators of 10 prefect-level cities in Shaanxi
province in 2018 were adopted, and the z-Score
standardization method was used for data
standardization with the help of Spss19.0. The
standard Z-score has the following properties: In a
group of quasi-Z-score scores, the average of the
standard Z-score is equal to zero and the standard
deviation is L; If the fractions are equidistant, the
addition and subtraction operation can be carried out.
The fractions with the same standard deviation are
equidistant, and the fractions with different standard
deviations are not equidistant, which is only
comparable, but not additive. If the original score
distribution is normal, the z-score range is roughly
-3 to +3 and when you use it you have to have
negative zeros and positive numbers and the
normalization steps are as follows:
Study on the Level Measurement and Spatial Differentiation of New-Type Urbanization in Shaanxi Province
773

(1) Calculate the arithmetic mean (mathematical
expectation) Xi and standard deviation Si of each
variable (index);
(2) Standardized treatment:
𝑍

𝑋

𝑋

/𝑆

Notice: the value of the variable after
standardization and the value of the actual variable.
(3) Switch the signs in front of the inverse index.
After standardization, the value of the variable
fluctuates around 1. Greater than 1 means higher
than the average level, and less than 1 means lower
than the average level.
(4) Non-negative processing of data.
As the standardized results of the Z-Score
standardization method of Spss19.0 will appear
some negative numbers under normal circumstances,
it is necessary to carry out non-negative processing
of the standardized data and shift it according to the
specific negative cases.
3.3 Determine Index Weight
With the help of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
(Georgel,2007) to determine the weight of the
selected index, the general steps are: 1. Establish the
structure model of analytic hierarchy process; 2.
Calculate the weight after constructing the judgment
matrix; 3. Analyze the calculation results and
calculate the weight of each indicator; 4. Sum and
calculate the weight of the four variables, as shown
in Table 1.
Table 1: Weight of new urbanization development level
evaluation index.
3.4 Result
The new urbanization level measurement model
(
Chen 2018 ) is:
𝑈

 0.19𝐴

 0.24𝐴

 0.40𝐴

 0.22𝐴

In the above equation, U

is the urbanization
development level of the first city in Shaanxi
province; A

、A

、A

、A

are the scores of
indicators of economic development (A

), social
development (A

), ecological environment (A

)
and technological innovation (A

) of the index
score.After the score of economic development
index, social development index, ecological
environment index and technological innovation
index is obtained, the comprehensive index score of
new urbanization development of 10 cities in
Shaanxi province can be obtained by formula, as
shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Evaluation results of new urbanization
development level.
Source: Shaanxi Statistical Yearbook 2018 National
Statistical Yearbook 2018
Combining the weight and the standardized
value of each indicator, we can see the new
urbanization level of each city and the score of each
sub-level (see Table 2). It can be seen that the city
with the highest comprehensive development level
of new urbanization in Shaanxi province is the
provincial capital Xi 'an, and the lowest is ShangLuo.
There is a big difference between the two cities. The
mean value of comprehensive development level of
new-type urbanization in Shaanxi province is 0.40,
among which xi 'an, BaoJi, Yan 'An, Xian yang and
YuLin are above the average level, while the other
five cities do not reach the average level. On the
other hand, the urbanization level of most
prefecture-level cities in Shaanxi province is
relatively low.
ICPDI 2022 - International Conference on Public Management, Digital Economy and Internet Technology
774

4 LEVEL TYPES AND SPATIAL
DIFFERENTIATION OF
NEW-TYPE URBANIZATION
IN SHAANXI PROVINCE
The Shaanxi province is located in the hinterland of
China and the middle reaches of the Yellow River,
with a total area of 205,600 square kilometers and a
permanent population of 38,7621 million. Shaanxi is
the birthplace of the Chinese nation and Chinese
civilization, and it is also an important economic
province in China. Since the area along the initiative
put forward actively involved in Shaanxi area
construction, all the way to build trade logistics
center international cooperation capacity of science
and technology education center international
tourism center and financial center in the region and
building talent exchange platform, promote
optimized development environment, enhance the
comprehensive carrying capacity of the new city and
sustainable development ability.
4.1 Spatial Distribution of New
Urbanization in Shaanxi Province
In this paper, ArcGIS10.2 platform was used to cut
out the geographic base map of 10 prefecture-level
cities in Shaanxi province, and the administrative
code of each city was used to link the attribute table,
and the economic development index score, social
development index score and ecological
environment index score of the 10 cities in Shaanxi
province were obtained science and technology
innovation index scores and comprehensive scores
input (George L,2006) best natural fracture method,
the cities scoring from high to low is divided into
four types, determine the critical value of each type,
as manual division, based on the last new
urbanization development level of Shaanxi province
by means of manual grading space differentiation
figure (Figure 1).
4.2 Refine Results
We can see from the table, Shaanxi province new
higher level of urbanization area includes YuLin and
yan 'an in the north Shaanxi province, in central
Shaanxi area of BaoJi and XianYang, the four places
in the development of new type of urbanization
process, each have a obvious location advantages
with its abundant energy mineral resources in YuLin
city, as is the construction of the national energy
base the area along the way. Under the economic
development strategy, Yulin city has become the
most influential resource city on the New Silk Road.
Since the reform and opening up, Yan 'an city has
formed an energy system based on oil and coal
Figure 1: Level types and spatial differentiation of new-type urbanization in Shaanxi Province.
Study on the Level Measurement and Spatial Differentiation of New-Type Urbanization in Shaanxi Province
775

industry with the advantage of mineral resources,
which has driven the rapid economic growth of Yan
'An and BaoJi city and XianYang City in central
Shaanxi Plain (
Chen 2018 ), one is the hometown of
emperor Yan, the other is the first imperial capital of
China, and also the city of light industry and heavy
industry. However, due to some shortcomings in the
development process, there is still room for
improvement in the level of new urbanization. The
general level development area of the new
urbanization in Shaanxi province includes three
prefecture-level cities, namely TongChuan City,
WeiNan City and HanZhong City. These cities have
the potential of economic development, but the
overall conditions are not outstanding enough and
they have obvious resource shortfalls. Low level
areas of new urbanization include AnKang and
ShangLuo. Although some areas are rich in natural
resources, there are some problems in industry or
agriculture, which makes the overall level of new
urbanization low.
5 CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
As a leader of economic and social development in
western China, Shaanxi province is in an important
period of deepening new-type urbanization and a
key period of realizing the rise of western China and
revitalizing Shaanxi province. Since 2014, Shaanxi
province has continuously improved its development
thinking and formulated its development plan. In the
process of actively exploring the development path
of new urbanization, remarkable achievements have
been made in the process of urbanization. Among
them, the urbanization level has been constantly
improved, the strength of in central Shaanxi formed.
In the process of urbanization, attracting a large
number of rural labor force into the city employment,
promote the sustainable and healthy development of
provincial economy, urban and rural production
factors allocation efficiency improved significantly,
improve living standards of urban and rural residents,
but in the process of urbanization, still faces some
prominent issues and challenges. For example, a
large number of agricultural population transfer in
cities, urbanization process lag; Unreasonable urban
spatial distribution and scale structure; And the
system mechanism is not yet sound, hindering the
healthy development of urbanization and other
problems. So scientific and reasonable evaluation of
Shaanxi province new urbanization development
level, summarizes its development present situation,
analysis put forward new problems existing in the
urbanization process of Shaanxi province, and put
forward the present and the future development of
the overall train of thought and strategy, the new
health and innovation and development of
urbanization in Shaanxi province has a certain
practical guiding significance. In the future, the
study of new urbanization in Shaanxi province
should fully consider the improvement of residents'
living quality, the sustainable opening and
cooperation of economy and the protection of
ecological environment.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This paper is thanks to the technical support of
Hanyu Sun.
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