Design and Analysis of QoS Horizontal Handover Wi-Fi 6

Mesh Centralized Control on 4G Network

for Video Conference Services

Siska Aulia, Ratna Dewi, Lifwarda, Ramiati and Velingga Lugiano

Program Studi Teknik Telekomunikasi,Teknik Elektro, Politeknik Negeri Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia

Keywords: Horizontal Handover, Wi-Fi 6, 4G, QoS, AiMesh, Video conference, 802.11.ax.

Abstract: The development of wireless communication technology has resulted in the need for access to information

and data services to increase. Network users communicate such as video conferencing not only in one place,

but moving around. So we need continuity of communication that is a handover. Video conferencing is a

long-distance interactive communication service that is able to bring together two or more people by utilizing

broadband internet services. However, problems that arise from the performance of video conferencing are

audio and video intermittent and delayed when communication occurs. One solution to overcome this problem

is by diverting data traffic on the 4G network through the Wi-Fi network. In addition, to maintain service

continuity on the telecommunications network, a reliable handover mechanism is needed. This research will

focus on handover analysis to improve the quality of video conference services. The handover method that

will be carried out is horizontal handover on the Wi-fi 6 network. OFDMA frequency allocation for Wifi 6 is

2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. The purpose of this research is to find out the use of WLAN 802.11ax network technology

with high speed on a mesh topology to see the handover of QOS services on video conferencing over a 4G

network. Improvements to the handover mechanism can improve the QoS of video conferencing services. The

results of data analysis show that the handover process is able to improve QoS gradually so that QoS returns

to normal.

1 INTRODUCTION

Internet connection needs, especially Wi-Fi (Wireless

Fidelity) are in great demand by internet service

users, because Wi-Fi technology is relatively easy to

implement in the work environment and gives users

the freedom to access it anytime and anywhere

through devices such as notebooks, laptops. or Smart

Phones. Wi-Fi users communicate such as video

conferencing from place to place, so they only get a

relatively small range, so mobile devices will

experience handover.

Handoff is the transferring of data from one Wi-

Fi network to another Wi-Fi network without

disconnecting the previous one till second Wi-Fi

network is being connected with device or mobile.

Handoffs are basically two types horizontal handoff

and vertical handoff. This work is based on the

horizontal handoff that transferring of data in same

type of networks (Vrushali, 2014)

Handover is the process by which a mobile node

(MN) moves from one access point network (AP) to

another AP network (foreign network). In general, a

handover that only changes the link layer (OSI layer

2) without changing the IP address is called a

horizontal handover. For example, when the MN

switches to the LAN AP served by the same IP access

router. In 802.11 terminology both APs are in the

same Extend Service Set (ESS) (I Made Oka

Widyantara, 2015)

Video conferencing is a long-distance interactive

communication service that is able to bring together

two or more people by utilizing broadband internet

services (Anggar Wati, 2018). Where this service can

send and receive data in the form of audio and video

simultaneously or often referred to as a two-way

delivery technique. The basic concept of video

conferencing is to capture data in the form of sound

from a microphone and camera and then convert it

into bits of data to be transmitted. This study conducts

and analyzes the quality of 4G network services on

456

Aulia, S., Dewi, R., Lifwarda, ., Ramiati, . and Lugiano, V.

Design and Analysis of QoS Horizontal Handover Wi-Fi 6 Mesh Centralized Control on 4G Network for Video Conference Services.

DOI: 10.5220/0011812300003575

In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science (iCAST-ES 2022), pages 456-460

ISBN: 978-989-758-619-4; ISSN: 2975-8246

wi-fi 6 by using QoS parameters as the main reference

for service quality.

Wi-Fi 6 is the next generation standard in WiFi

technology. If you own a VR device, multiple smart

home devices, or simply have a large number of

devices in your household, then a Wi-Fi 6 router

might just be the best WiFi router for you (David

Coleman, 2022). Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) technology is all

about better and more efficient use of the existing

radio frequency medium. Higher data rates are not the

primary goal of Wi-Fi 6. The goal is better and more

efficient 802.11 traffic management (Kshitij Motke,

2019).

The purpose of this research is to design and

analyze how the handover process on 4G uses wi-fi 6

mesh topology. With the handover, we can see the

effect of QoS parameters on video conference

services by measuring signal strength by wi-fi 6

devices. This study conducts and analyzes the quality

of 4G network services using QoS parameters as the

main reference for service quality.

2 METHODS

In solving a problem, it takes a research method for

the achievement of researchers. The research method

explains the chronology of the research including

how to prepare research materials, research design or

design, research procedures (in the form of diagrams),

how to test (scenarios) and data collection. This

section also explains the theoretical basis of the

research. The following figure testing method of QoS

Horizontal Handover Wi-Fi 6 on 4G Network in

figure 1.

Figure 1: Block diagram of QoS Horizontal Handover Wi-

Fi 6 on 4G Network.

A. Literature Review

The literature review stages are taken from journals

about Wi-fi 6, handover, Quality of Service, and 2.4

GHz and 5 GHz frequencies. The Handover Scenario

Model on the 4G network is applied by the Horizontal

Handover standard. Horizontal handover is based

between wifi nodes using a mesh topology.

B. Spot Area Survey and Determine Point

Determine service area for wi-fi 6 network planning

and analyze 4G network handover. Determining the

location and placing the access point aims to limit the

data that will be used on wi-fi 6.

C. Handover Design For Wi-Fi 6 Network

Simulation system design and device preparation for

Wi-fi 6 network. This stage will use 3 (three) units of

Wi-fi Router 6, namely: 1 (one) unit of Wi-Fi Dongle

6 Client, 1 (one) unit of Laptop, 1 (one) unit of 4G

modem. The application used is the Video

Conference application, namely Zoom. Device

Configuration has also been set in this stage

indoor/outdoor. Each router is connected via wifi 6

with a mesh topology. For completeness of the model,

see figure 3.

D. Handover System Testing and QoS Analysis

for Video Conference

The horizontal handover stage begins with measuring

the signal strength or RSSI (Receive Signal Strength

Indicator) of the access point (AP) using a wifi dongle

6 with the condition of the video conference

application being active, checking the ping test, and

using wireshark for data packets. The QoS parameters

observed in this study are delay, throughput and

packet loss.

2.1 Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax)

Wi Fi 6 is the name of IEEE 802.11ax, as defined in

the naming conventions released by the Wi Fi

Alliance for IEEE 802.11 standards. The Wi Fi

Alliance is a commercial organization that promotes

and markets 802.11 standards as well as certifies

interoperability of 802.11 products worldwide.

Through rigorous testing, it checks the

interoperability of products with other Wi-Fi certified

products in various configurations. Its members

include most producers of 802.11 equipment and

some carriers, who are permitted to use the Wi-Fi

trademark owned by the Wi-Fi Alliance to brand their

Design and Analysis of QoS Horizontal Handover Wi-Fi 6 Mesh Centralized Control on 4G Network for Video Conference Services

457

certified products. In 2018, the Wi Fi Alliance

decided to make WLAN standards easier to

understand and remember. To this end, the

organization renamed the standards in a manner

similar to the different generations of mobile

communications, which are called 3G, 4G, and 5G.

Earlier 802.11 versions were also renamed in

retrospect to align with this new naming convention,

as shown in Figure 2 (

Xia Zhou, 2022).

Figure 2: Generations of Wi-Fi (Kshitij Motke, 2019).

2.2 Handover Mechanism on Wi-Fi 6

Networks

The need for mobility that has a wider range, creates

problems in the limited coverage area of the AP. This

problem is solved by installing several APs at certain

points with the aim of increasing the access range for

wireless devices. Because a wireless device can only

be connected to an AP, it is necessary to transfer the

connection between a wireless device and a new AP

in its coverage area. This process is known as

handover. In its implementation, the handover

procedure is distinguished on the connectivity

hierarchy, namely fast handover, horizontal

handover, and vertical handover.

Figure 3: Horizontal Handover.

In this study using Horizontal Handover. Horizontal

Handover As shown in Figure 3, horizontal handover

changes only at the link layer (OSI layer 2), so there

is no change in the IP address. Based on Figure 3

above, when the MN moves to a wireless LAN access

point served by the same IP access router. In 802.11ax

terminology both access points are in the same

Extend Service Set (ESS). Handover that only

changes the link layer (OSI layer 2) without changing

the IP address.

2.3 Design Implementation Horizontal

Handover on Wi-Fi 6 Network

Analysis of the effect of Wi-fi 6 handover on QoS will

be tested on video conferencing services. Video

conference services or online lectures use zoom,

where video conferencing is a media to help in

learning. The quality of horizontal handovers

reviewed is based on delay time, response time, and

throughput. The Qos value is obtained from the

"server" the first time it sends the packet, that is, when

a video conference playback request is made starting

from the first second, until the last packet is sent,

which is when the video is finished so that the video

can be displayed entirely on the video conference

service.

A. Scenario I

As shown in Figure 4, this scenario aims to determine

the effect of horizontal handover on the existing Wi-

Fi 6 network. The existing network is a previously

installed Wi-Fi 6 network.

Figure 4: Handover Design for Scenario I.

B. Scenario II

This scenario aims to determine the effect of

horizontal handover on an ad-hoc Wi-Fi 6 network.

The network used in this test is a new 6 mesh Wi-Fi

access point network. As in Figure 5, the client moves

from access point A to access point B by conducting

video conference.

iCAST-ES 2022 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science

458

Figure 5: Handover Design for Scenario II.

3 RESULT

The results of measuring signal strength or RSSI

mapping measurement in determining the QoS value,

scenario 1 between station (mesh controller) Asus

TUF AX3000 4-antenna with node 1 Asus RT-

AX56u 2-antenna with a height of 5 m (Floor-2) and

node 2 Asus AX RT-Ax 55 with 4-antenna on the AP

using the feature on the Asus-WRT v3.0 OS, namely

AiMesh for controllers, horizontal handover will

switch AP access if the client side is at the RSSI value

of -70, to RSSI -40 there is a request for a SYN signal

from the client to the host, after moving the AP from

the station (STA) to node 1, and from node 1 to node

2 are shown in figure 6.

Figure 6: RSSI Handover Scenario.

The latency generated is above 50 ms, because it

uses a 4G network, for QoS control the ping value is

obtained during the walktest and video conference

handover process as shown in Figure 7.

For BSS (Basic Service Set) Colouring inference

between signals at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz on wi-fi 6 only

the Ax mode in this study. Shown in Figure 8.

Figure 7: Ping QoS Video Conference without lag.

Figure 8: Scanning Wi-Fi.

While scenario 2, on node 1 the power adapter is

shutdown, causing no handover (hang) process to

occur, then QoS automatically becomes non-existent

due to RTO (Request Time Out) same no internet

Network, seen in the wireshark application package.

with the condition that the RSSI client has

approached the AP station with a walktest.

Figure 9: Failure Handover (RTO).

Design and Analysis of QoS Horizontal Handover Wi-Fi 6 Mesh Centralized Control on 4G Network for Video Conference Services

459

Monitoring process is also seen using a LAN

cable, there is a fairly large 4G signal jitter between

the AP station and the Smartphone modem, so that the

QoS factor decreases in video conferencce

communication services between uploads and

downloads for 2-way communication needs. but the

stability of the video conference remains stable

because the average jitter is 40 ms on figure 10.

Figure 10: Ratio Ping and Jitter on Graph.

4 CONCLUSIONS

The conclusion that has been obtained is that in the

normal scenario, the handover process runs normally,

but the failed handover condition occurs when one of

the AP nodes fails. One possible factor is that the

mesh control feature on the router's OS is unstable.the

next possibility is that the USB network card wi-fi 6

client does not match the AP device, this is no

comparison with devices that have embedded wi-fi 6

on laptops and smartphone clients.

based on the typhoon standard, the average jitter

is 0 to 75 ms its good, while for normal latency it is

very good (< 150 ms), but when the handover shift

becomes good (< 300 ms), the influence of brick

obstacles becomes a barrier in the signal transmission

pure without LAN cable backhaul. For Throughput

and Packet loss which are read in the very good

category Wireshark application.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This research was funded in the research activities of

Politeknik Negeri Padang Lecturers, namely the

DIPA Politeknik Negeri Padang Fund research for

Fiscal Year 2022.

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