Management of the Harapan Family Program (PKH)

in Poverty Reduction Efforts

Chairika Nasution and Kiagus Muhammad Sobri

Doctoral Program of Public Administration, Faculty of Social Science and Political Science, Universitas Sriwijaya

Jl. Srijaya Negara Bukit Besar Palembang 30139, Palembang, Indonesia

Keywords: Management, Family Hope Program, and Poverty Alleviation

Abstract: PKH is a social assistance and protection program that is included in cluster I of poverty reduction strategies

in Indonesia related to education, health and basic fulfillment for the elderly and people with severe disabilities.

The implementation of PKH also supports the achievement of the Millennium Development goals. The five

components of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that will be assisted by PKH are: reduction of

the poor and hunger, basic education, gender equality, reduction of infant and under-five mortality, reduction

of maternal mortality. In fact, in the implementation process, there are often discrepancies in the distribution

of PKH funds, both by officers and recipients who are not on target. This is because the management system

carried out by PKH organizers is not optimal, one of which is poor management, so that PKH recipients are

not on target. The management function that is carried out must be properly planned in order to minimize the

risk of errors and maximize the program.

1 INTRODUCTION

One of the problems of social welfare that is

developing today is that there are still citizens whose

rights to their basic needs are not properly fulfilled

because they have not received social services from

the state, as a result there are still citizens who

experience obstacles in the implementation of social

functions so that they cannot live a decent life. and

dignity, lack of opportunity to gain access to

education and health, low ability to express

aspirations and lack of guarantees from

powerlessness that cause conditions to be very poor.

Development is closely related to meeting the

needs of the community in order to create a welfare.

In realizing a social welfare, the government must

also pay attention to the problem of poverty. Because

poverty is something that can not be separated from

the problem of meeting the needs of life. Community

welfare can be measured by the community's ability

to meet their daily needs. The low quality of life of

the poor results in low levels of education and health

so that it can affect productivity. With conditions like

this, it can increase the burden of dependence on the

community. People who are still below the poverty

line include those with low income, no fixed income

or no income at all. Thus, poverty alleviation and

poverty alleviation that are being pursued by various

parties are expected to raise the standard of living of

the poor.

Efforts in overcoming the problem of poverty that

have been carried out by the government have been

many from regime to regime. In fact, the

government's efforts to overcome poverty have been

supported by many regulations, for example Law

Number 40 of 2004 concerning the National Social

Security System, Law Number 11 of 2010 concerning

Social Welfare, and Law Number 13 of 2011

concerning Handling the Poor. Poor, as well as other

rules in support of it. However, its implementation

requires holistic testing and evaluation, because in

reality the phenomenon of poverty is still visible in

plain sight. Several social protection programs were

launched by the Government of Indonesia as a

measure to reduce poverty in promoting community

welfare. One of the flagship programs claimed by the

government is PKH (Program Keluarga Harapan).

PKH is one of the Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT)

programs which is also known in the world in tackling

chronic poverty, as a form of social management.

This program provides financial assistance to RTSM

(Very Poor Households). As an effort to accelerate

poverty reduction, since 2007 the Government of

Nasution, C. and Sobri, K.

Management of the Harapan Family Program (PKH) in Poverty Reduction Efforts.

DOI: 10.5220/0011824300003460

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Social and Political Development (ICOSOP 2022) - Human Security and Agile Government, pages 431-435

ISBN: 978-989-758-618-7; ISSN: 2975-8300

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

431

Indonesia has claimed to implement the Conditional

Cash Assistance Program (BTB), known as the

Family Hope Program (PKH).

The Family Hope Program (PKH) was

implemented on a household basis, then turned into a

family basis. This change is because it is based on the

condition of the eyes of the Indonesian people, where

in a matter of one household, it is possible for several

families to gather. In addition, initially, the Family

Hope Program (PKH) assistance as an incentive to

change the actions and behaviors required of

recipients of assistance, has not directly touched the

focus of poverty alleviation although in its

implementation, PKH has other impacts besides that,

namely a gradual reduction in the poverty rate,

although not yet significant (Yusriadi, et al 2020).

The main objective of PKH is to increase

accessibility to education, health, and social welfare

services to support the achievement of quality of life

for poor families. PKH is expected to reduce the

burden of spending on poor families in the short term

and break the poverty chain in the long term. The

target recipients of PKH are Poor Families (KM) who

meet at least one of the criteria consisting of children

0-21 years, pregnant/postpartum mothers, elderly

over 70 years and Severe Disabilities. PKH

beneficiaries are mothers or women who take care of

children in the household in question (if there is no

mother, then grandmother, aunt, aunt, or older sister

can become beneficiaries).

The implementation of PKH is a solution from the

government to fix education and health problems.

This hopes to have implications for poverty reduction

so that every family has the freedom to reach

resources such as education and health (Brown &

James, 2020). However, there are many research

findings related to the implementation of the Family

Hope Program (PKH) policy, there are still many

problems, even though the family of hope program

has a positive relationship to poverty alleviation. This

is because, in the implementation process, there are

sometimes imbalances in the distribution of PKH

funds, both by officers and recipients who are not on

target. This is because the management system

carried out by PKH organizers is not optimal, one of

which is poor management, so that PKH recipients

are not on target. With management, all activities will

be directed and can minimize the risk of errors and

can maximize the agreed plan (Usman, 2014).

As we know, there are currently many recipients

of aid that are not targeted, some people claim that

they are not capable even though they are able and do

not deserve to receive social assistance but participate

in registering as candidates for PKH members.

Incidents like this often occur in the implementation

of the Family Hope program policy. Although the

criteria for 9 PKH recipients have been determined,

many are said to be able to become one of the PKH

recipients. This causes a lot of data on the poor that

are still in doubt so that it will have an impact on the

inappropriate targeting of PKH funds for people who

are entitled. So that it is no longer the poor who

receive and even other people can receive PKH.

2 DISCUSSIONS

2.1 The Legal Basis of the Family Hope

Program in Poverty Alleviation

The Family Hope Program, which is abbreviated as

PKH, is a program of providing social assistance to

families/or someone who is categorized as poor and

vulnerable with the conditions according to the

components and obligations in the program, and the

beneficiaries are registered in the official system,

namely the Integrated Social Welfare Data. (DTKS)

program for handling the poor, which is managed by

the Center for Social Welfare Data and Information

and then designated as the recipient family of the

PKH program.

The Family Hope Program (PKH) is one of the

government's efforts in accelerating poverty

alleviation and specifically aims to break the

intergenerational poverty chain. This program is

known internationally as Conditional Cash Transfers

(CCT). Since its launch in 2007, PKH has contributed

to reducing poverty and encouraging the

independence of social assistance recipients,

hereinafter referred to as Beneficiary Families

(KPM).

The legal basis for providing family hope

programs is Law Number 40 of 2004 concerning the

Social Security System, Law Number 13 of 2011

concerning Handling the Poor, Presidential

Regulation Number 15 of 2010 concerning the

Acceleration of Poverty Reduction, Presidential

Instruction Number 3 of 2010 concerning equitable

development programs, Appendix 46 on the

transparency of the distribution of Conditional Direct

Cash Assistance for Very Poor Families (KSM) as

participants in the Family Hope Program (PKH).

The basis for implementing the family of hope

program is the decision of the coordinating minister

for poverty, No. 31/KEP/MENKO/KESRA/IX//2007

concerning the "control team for the family program

of hope" dated September 21, 2007. Decree of the

Minister of Social Affairs of the Republic of

ICOSOP 2022 - International Conference on Social and Political Development 4

432

Indonesia No. 02A/HUK/2008 “2008 Family Hope

Program Implementation Team (PKH)” dated 08

January 2008, governor's decision on “Provincial

Family Hope Program (PKH) Technical

Coordination Team/TKPKD (Regional Poverty

Reduction Technical Coordination Team)”. Decision

of the Regent/Mayor regarding

“Regency/City/TKPKD Technical Team for Family

Hope Program (PKH).

The main objective of PKH is to reduce the

burden of spending in the short term and break the

intergenerational poverty chain in the long term. This

goal is directly related to efforts to accelerate the

achievement of the Millennium Development Goals

(MDGs) targets. Other objectives of PKH in

particular, namely:

a. Improve the standard of living of beneficiary

families through access to education, health and

social welfare.

b. Reducing the burden of expenses and

increasing the income of poor and vulnerable families

c. Creating behavioral changes and

independence of beneficiary families in accessing

health and education services as well as social

welfare.

d. Reducing poverty and inequality

e. Introduce formal financial products and

services to PKH beneficiary families.

As a conditional social assistance program, PKH

aims to open access to KPM for pregnant women and

early childhood in utilizing health facilities/services

(faskes) and school-age children in utilizing

educational facilities/services (fasdik) available near

their place of residence. The current PKH benefits are

also directed to cover people with disabilities and the

elderly with the aim of maintaining their social

welfare in accordance with the mandate of the

constitution and the Nawacita of the President of the

Republic of Indonesia.

In addition to encouraging KPM to utilize basic

social services for health, education and social

welfare, KPM PKH is also assisted to obtain

complementary programs on an ongoing basis. PKH

is directed to be a center of excellence in efforts to

reduce poverty in Indonesia. The synergy between

social protection and empowerment programs is an

ongoing effort to achieve the welfare of the PKH

KPM ((PKH Guidelines, 2021).

The programs implemented in poverty alleviation

efforts so far have not been able to have a major

impact so that until now the goals of national

development related to the problem of equity and

improving community welfare are still a protracted

problem. Therefore, in the context of household-

based poverty reduction, the Government launched a

special program called the Family Hope Program

(PKH).

The direction of alleviating the poor through PKH

in accordance with Law No. 11 of 2009 and

Presidential Regulation No. 15 of 2010 concerning

the acceleration of Poverty Reduction are: Changes in

behavior/attitudes and perspectives of the community

itself which becomes solid for the development of

independent community welfare through poverty

alleviation so that the poor are able to act in

accordance with their dignity as noble human beings

who are able to apply noble values in social life so

that people are truly able to become healthy and

intelligent people who will then get them out of

poverty. With a healthy and intelligent society, it is

not impossible that the current poverty rate in

Indonesia will quickly fall and people will be able to

socialize with the wider community. And it is not

impossible for the poor to be able to provide their

aspirations to influence the decision-making process

related to public policies at the local level so that they

are more oriented towards the poor and realize good

governance. The PKH development policy is based

on the Minister of Social Affairs Regulation No. 10

of 2017 which was later refined by the Minister of

Home Affairs Regulation Number 1 of 2018

concerning PKH.

The Family Hope Program (PKH) policy, based

on Article 3 of Law No. 13 of 2011 concerning Poor

Parking Management states that “The poor have the

right to obtain adequate food, clothing, and housing,

obtain health services, and obtain education that can

increase their dignity”, in this article it is regulated

that the poor or the poor have the right to obtain health

and education services in order to improve the

welfare of life quickly in order to break the poverty

rate. Law No. 13 of 2011, followed by Minister of

Social Affairs Regulation No. 1 of 2018 concerning

the Family Hope Program (PKH) As a basis for

implementation whose main goal is to improve the

living standards of Beneficiary Families through

access to health services, education, and social

welfare. Reducing the burden of spending and

increasing the income of poor and vulnerable families

as well as reducing poverty and inequality,

introducing the benefits of formal financial products

and services to Beneficiary Families.

Management of the Harapan Family Program (PKH) in Poverty Reduction Efforts

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2.2 Quality of Life of Households

Recipient of the Family Hope

Program (PKH) Policy

The main positive impact of the provision of

assistance to the Family Hope Program is the

reduction in the burden of expenditure for Very Poor

Households. That is the reason they say that the main

impact is reducing their burden in terms of accessing

their children's education at the elementary, junior

high, high school levels where before receiving PKH

assistance their children's education was interrupted

but after PKH assistance the children can continue

again. school to a better level of education.

The second positive impact is increasing

participation in health checks for children under five

and social welfare to ensure the provision of

nutritional intake for the elderly and disabled. From

the explanation above, after receiving assistance from

the Family Hope Program, the aspects of education

and health for Very Poor Households underwent

changes. This is proven by the social conditions of

PKH participants who are currently experiencing

changes in the fields of education and health that are

more appropriate. Given that education and health are

important aspects of life that must be fulfilled

optimally.

PKH is one of the government's efforts in

accelerating poverty reduction and specifically aims

to break the intergenerational poverty chain. As well

as changing the poorest groups, with the PKH social

assistance provided by the government for the poor in

South Labuhan Batu Regency, they can meet basic

needs in daily life and are able to improve welfare due

to economic difficulties on household expenses. As

we know, many poor people or recipients of aid still

complain of economic difficulties, even though the

government has made efforts with the existence of

PKH which is expected to improve the welfare of the

poor. However, many funds or assistance provided by

the government to the community have been misused

by buying things that are not needed at all.

2.3 Implementation of the Family Hope

Program

PKH beneficiary family data is obtained from the

processed results of the Social Welfare Data and

Information Center, then validated by the PKH

Facilitator to determine whether the data is

appropriate or appropriate to the conditions of the

PKH Program recipient community. Then the

targeting accuracy referred to in this study is the

accuracy of the targeting of PKH recipients that have

been validated by the PKH Facilitator, whether the

PKH beneficiary families are poor families who have

PKH membership components such as PKH

membership regulations.

As conditional social assistance, the Family Hope

Program (PKH) opens access for families classified

as poor, especially for pregnant women and children

by utilizing various health service facilities (askes)

and service facilities for education (fasdik). The

problem of the Family Hope Program (PKH) itself

has also begun to be accelerated to cover the elderly

to people with disabilities while maintaining their

level of social welfare. Therefore, this study aims to

find out how the effectiveness of the implementation

of the Family Hope Program (PKH) in poverty

reduction efforts can be seen through effectiveness

indicators, namely:

a. The accuracy of the calculation of the cost of

Assistance obtained in each family varies according

to the number of dependents in each family, because

the components of the recipients of the Family Hope

Program (PKH) from each family are different and

the maximum number of recipients of the Family

Hope Program (PKH) is in one family. is four people

only.

b. Accuracy of objectives The purpose of the

Family Hope Program (PKH) is that in general the

Family Hope Program (PKH) focuses on the

education and health aspects of the beneficiaries of

the Family Hope Program (PKH) and empowers

people who are considered underprivileged in terms

of economy and other aspects. .

c. The accuracy of thinking of the Family Hope

Program (PKH) is very influential on the survival of

the Beneficiary Families (KPM). If the Beneficiary

Family (KPM) is able to meet their daily lives, the

person concerned will voluntarily withdraw from

participation in the Family Hope Program (PKH).

d. Accuracy of targeting The target beneficiaries

of the Family Hope Program (PKH) are vulnerable

families registered and classified as poor in the

Integrated Data Base for the Poor Handling Program

which has several components, such as children aged

0 to 6 years and pregnant or breastfeeding mothers are

criteria. from the health component, the criteria from

the education component such as elementary/MI

school children to high school/MA school children

and the elderly component have priority criteria,

namely people with severe disabilities and elderly

people 60 years and over.

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3 CONCLUSIONS

Poverty is a phenomenon experienced by every

country including Indonesia. There have been many

attempts to overcome poverty by the government

from regime to regime. In fact, the government's

efforts to overcome poverty have been supported by

regulations such as. Law Number 13 of 2011

concerning Handling the Poor. One of the policies

implemented is through the Family Hope Program

(PKH), which aims to improve the quality of life for

Very Poor Families (KSM) with the condition that

they access certain health and education services that

have been set for Very Poor Families (KSM). The

Family Hope Program (PKH) has been running well

and has been effective in helping to ease the burden

on the underprivileged in the fields of education,

health and social welfare.

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