Smart Port Priority Queueing Services Base on Long Range (LoRa)

Communication Network: Case Study Anchored Ship Management

Ari Wijayanti, Okkie Puspitorini Nur Adi Siswandari and Haniah Mahmudah

Department of Electrical Engineering, Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya,

Jl. Raya ITS Keputih Sukolilo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Keywords:

LoRa, Smart Port, Fuzzy Djikstra, Simple Additive Weighting

Abstract: To improve port services, it is proposed to use LoRa communication network in the process of numbering

ship queues to ports based on priority. This system will use two main devices, namely lora nodes that will be

installed on ships and gateways that will be placed in ports. The lora node will send ship data to the gateway

so that the distance and RSSI value of each ship will be known. This data will be processed using the Dijkstra

fuzzy algorithm to get the queue number of the ship while the SWA algorithm is to determine the priority of

ships entering the port. Based on the test results, it was found that the coverage of the LoRa communication

area in an unobstructed area can reach 7.91 km. with an average RSSI value above -120 dBm. In selecting

nodes, Djikstra's Fuzzy Algorithm is 100% successful in determining the nodes that come together. Likewise,

the results of experiments with the Simple Additive Weighting algorithm on 16 ships at 7 docks with certain

specifications resulted in a percentage of 100%.

1 INTRODUCTION

Regulating and monitoring in the large port

environment is important, especially in the smooth

loading and unloading activities of cargo and

passenger ships. The port is an important entry point

for economic and transportation activities for

Indonesia, which is an archipelagic country. Smart

ports are a prerequisite for efficiency and improved

performance in the port environment. Based on this,

the Indonesian government made major changes to

the port communication system by building an

internet network and digitizing the port management

using Internet of thing (IoT) system toward smart

port category. (Yongsheng

Yang et all, 2018)

To improve ship services at ports so that they can

run fast, reliable, transparent, and standardized with

minimal costs, the Directorate General of Sea

Transportation of the Ministry of Transportation has

implemented the Inaportnet application at ports

which has also become the Quick Win of the Minister

of Transportation. The implementation of Inaportnet

is planned to be implemented in 16 ports in

Indonesia, where in the early stages it has been

implemented in 4 (four) Main Ports namely

Makassar, Belawan, Tanjung Priok Port, including

Tanjung Perak Port. Implementation of Inaportnet for

ship and goods services at the Port which aims to

improve services and smooth the flow of goods at

ports, cut service time to be faster and more efficient,

reduce logistics costs and as a step for service

transparency at ports.

In previous studies conducted, the vessel

detection process carried out with an ultrasonic

sensor, where this sensor has limited range to detect

vessel (Swapna Ch, 2017) (A Kamalov, 2019) The

weakness are the process of detecting objects tends

longer and there is no port clustering process first,

cause system performance to be less than optimal in

determining the port for ships (Unnati, 2017).

However, in port applications, IoT systems must be

conceived by exploiting heterogeneous sensors

equipped with intelligence and interconnected with

each other through Low Power Wide Area (LPWA),

able to widely distribute information (A. Rajabi et all,

2018), (S. Verma, 2022). The Long-Range

Communication Network Technology are chosen to

support in several purposed in marine (Pensieri S,

2021)

In this paper, the research has result smart port

communication network which is developed by Long

Range Technology (LoRa) to detect the arrival of

ships at the port entrance which will be describe in

656

Wijayanti, A., Puspitorini, O., Adi Siswandari, N. and Mahmudah, H.

Smart Port Pr iority Queueing Services Base on Long Range (LoRa) Communication Network: Case Study Anchored Ship Management.

DOI: 10.5220/0011861600003575

In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science (iCAST-ES 2022), pages 656-662

ISBN: 978-989-758-619-4; ISSN: 2975-8246

section 2. LoRa system are built with a processor in

the form of an ARM Cortex-M4 microcontroller,

which has high performance (168Mz clock) but low

power consumption 238uA/MHz, ~40 mA) (ST

microelectronic, 2017). The information signals are

sent via radio waves using VHF channel in the

frequency range between 923 MHz – 925 MHz. The

chosen of VHF channel Long Range onshore

network because more resistant to interference when

the data are transmitting among ships at sea (N.

Jovalekic, 2018). In section 3, the process of

regulating ships entering the port will be reviewed

based on their priorities. Selection process between

ships using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW)

algorithm. The last section, fourth, will be discussed

about result of research and future research activity.

2 LONG RANGE (LORA)

COMMUNICATION NETWORK

FOR SMART PORT SCENARIO

This

study took place at the Tanjung Perak port of

Surabaya, Indonesia. Subjects studied include ship

detection and ship selection to be guided to the dock

in accordance with its specifications. LoRa sensors

are needed to detect ships. The LoRa node is located

on the ship that will drop anchor to the port, while the

LoRa gateway will be installed at the port entrance,

namely Karang Jamuang Island where the island is

where the pilot ship standby. As shown in Figure 1,

LoRa nodes will be installed on ships that will enter

the port where these nodes have ship ID and GPS

which will be processed by the system and given a

registration number. The ship with the LoRa node

will send its data and be received by the LoRa

gateway. The selection of the numbering sequence for

the queue of ships entering the port from several ships

that come using the fuzzy Dijkstra algorithm. The

fuzzy Dijkstra algorithm is used to find the closest

distance and consider the parameters when detecting

ships and determining the order of ship numbering.

There are 2 (two) parameters, namely distance and

RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) value. The

output of fuzzy logic will enter the Dijkstra algorithm

to consider the distance. The ship selected from the

Fuzzy Dijkstra algorithm will be notified with a

registration

number.

Figure 1:

Long range communication network for smart

port scenario.

2.1 Ships Communication Equipment

In the communication system using Lora, there are

two types of hardware based on their placement

1. Long Range (LoRa) nodes on each ship

2. The Long Range (LoRa) Gateway is placed at the

port entrance on Karang Jamuang Island

2.1.1 Long Range (LoRa) Node on Ship

The Long Range (LoRa) node here uses the EK-

S76GXB. The node with serial number EK-S76SXB

supports Lora WAN Class A, B and C so it can be

used as needed This node already contains LoRa and

its microcontroller and is also equipped with GPS

(figure 2). LoRa nodes will be given an ID as the

identity of the ship. Long Range (LoRa) nodes are

equipped with antennas and GPS, transmitting data

over frequencies between 923 MHz – 925 MHz This

LoRa node is programmed using the Termite

software. LoRa nodes will configure the delivery

interval for 30 seconds.

Figure 2: EK-S76GXB block diagram for node long range.

2.1.2 Long Range (LoRa) Gateway

Gateway uses femto which is stationed on Karang

Jamuang Island. This tool will be used to receive data

from LoRa nodes. The gateway configuration can use

a LAN or Wi-Fi cable that is transmitted, then the

browser is accessed by IP from the gateway. Gateway

configuration view can be seen in Figure 3.

Smart Port Priority Queueing Services Base on Long Range (LoRa) Communication Network: Case Study Anchored Ship Management

657

Figure 3: Gateway configuration.

2.2 Long Range Gateway Installation

Design at the Port Entrance

Karang Jamuang Island is an island north of

Bangkalan in the Java Sea has chosen as entrance gate

to Tanjung Perak Port. Currently the island functions

as a pilot station located on the outer verge at position

- 53’-34” south latitude dan 112

-43’-46” east

longitude from Tanjung Perak Port (figure 4). This

island is used as a specific area for shipping

navigation which is very vital in regulating the flow

of ships that will enter the port of Tanjung Perak. The

shipping lane is one of the main facilities of the

regional designation waters of a port and has a key

role as access to and/or entry to the port. In addition,

on the island of Karang Jamuang, there are ship

piloting service providers to support operational

activities and ship navigation to the port. based on this,

the placement of the Long Range (LoRa) gateway on

Karang Jamuang Island will assist the process of ship

traffic that will dock at the port of Tanjung Perak.

Figure 4: Hardware installation design on gateway.

In the selection process before entering the port of

Tanjung Perak, the ship that already has a LoRa node

will do the following activity on gateway (figure 5)

1. LoRa node registration

2. Receipt of ship data by gateway

Figure 5: Ships selection on gateway.

2.2.1 Lora Node Registration

LoRa nodes that will send data through the

gateway must be registered first. In the Lora WAN

protocol, there are two activations, namely OTAA

and ABP. The node used this time is registered on

OTAA as seen in figure 6.

Figure 6: LoRa node registration in OTAA.

2.2.2 Receipt of Ship Data by Gateway

Receipt of data at the gateway using the MQTT

protocol. The MQTT protocol configuration on the

gateway can be configured with a hostname/broker

according to the IP of the computer that will be the

server. subscribe topics are used to receive data as

seen in figure 7.

Figure 7: Network

server

setting.

Program to receive data using Python software.

The data that will be taken by the gateway for

processing are:

• Ship ID

• Distance

• RSSI value

These data will be used as parameters to determine

which vessel will be assigned a registration

number first if several vessels are detected by the

gateway.

Fuzzy logic is used to model the multi

parameters of the events that occur. Distances and

RSSI values are processed by fuzzy logic as seen

in figure 8.

iCAST-ES 2022 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science

658

Figure 8: Block diagram of fuzzy djikstra algorithm.

The results of the algorithm will determine which

ship will be given a queue number first. The output

of fuzzy logic in the form of distance will enter the

djikstra algorithm, where the output value of the

smallest or closest distance to the gateway will be

given a queue number first. In Figure 9 the following

is a test of three nodes that have different distances

and RSSI values.

Figure 9: Result of fuzzy djikstra algorithm.

QUEUING PRIORITY

ANCHORED SHIP

MANAGEMENT

Tanjung Perak Port itself serves ships with various

cargoes from passengers, containers, cargo, and

others both domestically and internationally, for this

reason this port provides thirteen docks that can be

used with different specifications according to the

cargo carried (figure 10).

Figure 10: Tanjung Perak Harbour plan.

Based on the data of the Tanjung Perak port

management, the dock types are divided into some

utility such as for passenger, dry bulk, liquid bulk,

and general cargo named. The Specification of dock

services

Port as shown in Table 1

In determining the queue number, there are

two different schemes in real conditions. The first

scheme uses the FIFO (First in First out) queue

concept, this scheme will be used if at the same

time LoRa detects several ships that do not have

the same dock requirements as each other. Then

the queue number will be directly obtained

according to arrival. Then the second scheme is

using the Simple Additive Weighting algorithm,

this scheme works if at the same time LoRa detects

several ships and in some of these ships require the

same dock to dock, then this SAW algorithm will

determine the priority of which ship will dock first

according to the parameters which is determined

Table 1: Specification of dock services at Tanjung Perak

port.

Dock

Commodity Services

Jamrud Utara

Passenger

Dry Bulk

General Cargo

Jamrud Barat

General Cargo

Dry Bulk

Jamrud Selatan

General Cargo

Kalimas

General Cargo

Mirah

Liquid Bulk

General Cargo

Container

Berlian Timur

Container

Nilam Timur

Liquid Bulk

Dry Bulk

General Cargo

Container

3.1 Simple Additive Weighting (SAW)

Algorithm for Priority Decision

In determining the queue number using the Simple

Additive Weighting algorithm, it is used if after the

system has classified the ship there are several ships

that have the same dock requirements so that this

algorithm will provide a priority scale according to

the parameters of the user, thus allowing the last ship

to come to be served first if indeed have a high

priority than the previous ships that had arrived first.

Figure 11 show the

Figure 11: Simple additive weighting algorithm.

Smart Port Priority Queueing Services Base on Long Range (LoRa) Communication Network: Case Study Anchored Ship Management

659

The system will determine the weight of each

parameter as shown in table 2.

Table 2: Simple additive

weighting

parameter value.

Paramete

Weighte

LOA 0.4

Gross tone 0.6

To calculate the normalization value of each

parameter, the formula as in equation (1) is used.

NV =

௉௔௥௔௠௘௧௘௥ ௩௔௟௨௘ ሺீோ்/௅ை஺ሻ

௉௔௥௔௠௘௧௘௥ ௩௔௟௨௘ ௠௔௫ሺீோ்/௅ை஺ሻ

……….(1)

With

NM = Normalization Value

GRT = Gross Ton

LOA = Length of All of Ship means the size of

the ship and the commodity types of ship’s cargo.

The formula in equation (1) will give results if the

weight of the ship is lower and the size of the ship is

getting shorter it will take precedence or have a high

priority. After that the system will calculate the final

value with the formula as in equation (2)

Final Value = Normalized Value x Parameter weight

value …………… (2)

The system will sort the final values from largest to

smallest. This final value will be the reference for the

system in determining the queue number according to

the final value. The smaller the final value, the initial

queue number or high priority, while those with a

large final value will get a small priority.

4 RESULT

The results of this study will be described based on

experiments on Long Range communication system

devices (LoRa) placed on ships and gateways as well

as the application of a simple additive weighted

algorithm (SAW) on the selection of ships that are

guided into the port.

4.1 Long Range (LoRa)

Communication Network Testing

Result

The scenario of evaluating the communication area

coverage is conducted in the ocean. The node is in the

Bangkalan area, Madura with a height of four meters

above sea level and the gateway is in the Bulak beach

area, Kenjeran, Surabaya with a height of 8 meters

above sea level (see figure 12).

Figure 12: Sea area coverage test.

The farthest distance that can be achieved when the

atmosphere is in a relaxed sea, unobstructed by

anything can reach 7.91 km. With the data above, the

RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) value has

not reached its peak (140 dBm) so that it can still get

a longer distance (see figure 13).

Figure 13: Result of sea area coverage test.

In this test, the data selected is the data that has the

furthest distance from each route. When the ship

approaches the port and is detected by the gateway,

the first data will be selected for processing. The data

that is processed as input from the Dijkstra fuzzy

algorithm is the distance and RSSI value as shows in

table 3.

Table 3: Selected data of ship.

o ID Distance

(

)

RSSI

(

ulkmn

0.690294

-122.3

abdulhf

1.05784

-121

fahminhn

0.583561

-117

Figure 14: Distance membership function.

Figure 15: RSSI membership function.

iCAST-ES 2022 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science

660

Based on research that has been done by creating a

ship queuing system at the port with a LoRa sensor,

the farthest transmission distance is approximately

7,9 km. The application of the Dijkstra algorithm is

used to determine the ship that has the closest distance

while fuzzy logic is used to choose based on the

distance parameters and RSSI values so that the

results of the coverage area are between 1 km-8 km

with RSSI range between 117 dBm – 122 dBm (figure

14 and 15).

4.2 Simple Additive Weighted

Algorithm (SAW) on the Selection

of Ships Result

Tests were conducted in 2 different scenarios so that

the results could be observed

Scenario 1

Scenario 1 is carried out with the following

assumptions:

a. All ships have no sick information

b. Free commodities (in this test using passenger

commodities)

c. The value of LOA and GRT differs between ships

In this scenario, 16 ships were tested to get the results

as shown in figure 16.

Figure 16: Queue number test results with scenario 1.

The simple additive weighting algorithm can

determine the queue number of ships using the

parameters of illness, ship length and ship weight.

From table 4 the smallest SAW value has a high

priority or initial queue number, while a large saw

value has a small priority, so it has a low priority

number. Large queues. If there are ships with the

same final value, priority will be given to ships with

registration numbers that are first detected by the

LoRa gateway

Scenario 2

In this scenario, it is conducted with the following

assumptions:

a. There is a ship with a sick statement

b. Free commodity (in this test using dry bulk

commodity type)

c. LOA and GRT values are different for each ship

In this scenario, 16 ships were tested so that they got

the results as shown in figure 17.

There are four ships with sick statements, so they

need to be managed faster by getting an initial queue

number with a saw value of minus. This is because

the system will first calculate the saw value based on

LOA and GRT then if the ship has a sick statement,

then the saw value of the ship will be minus 1 to get

the lowest result. If there are several ships that have a

description of illness as in figure 17 above, the

determination of the queue number will be returned

to the LOA and GRT parameters of each ship that has

the disease information.

Figure 17: Queue number test results with scenario 2.

If there are ships with the same final value, priority

will be given to ships with registration number

detected by LoRa Gateway first.

Based on experiment using different scenarios for

ship types, loaded commodities, different

specifications, it can be proven that the SAW

algorithm is able to give 100% correct priority to

certain ship conditions.

5 CONCLUSIONS

Based on onshore Testing, Long Range (LoRa)

Communication network has The RSSI value is above

-120 dBm at 7.9 km when in a LOS (line of sight)

condition or not blocked by anything at sea.

Implementation of Fuzzy Dijkstra Algorithm in

selection ships queuing number has been success 100

%. The simple additive weighting algorithm can give

priority to queue numbers on 16 ships with an

accuracy of 100% based on the parameters used.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to acknowledge centre of

Research (P3M) Politeknik Elektronika Negeri

Surabaya for funding this research and those who

give support in carrying this research.

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