Implementation of the Village Community Development and

Empowerment Program (P3MD) Through Priorities of the Use of

Village Funds in the Coastal Area, Aceh Barat Regency

Nurhaslita Sari and Arfriani Maifizar

Universitas Teuku Umar, Indonesia

Keywords: Implementation, P3MD, Village Fund.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to find out how the Implementation of the Village Community Development and

Empowerment Program (P3MD) through the priority use of village funds in the coastal areas of West Aceh

Regency before and after the existence of village funds, and what the village government does in the coastal

areas of West Aceh Regency in improve the community's economy. Village Funds are APBN funds

designated for Villages which are transferred through the Regency / City APBD and are prioritized for the

implementation of development and empowerment of rural communities. The purpose of the village fund is

to improve services in the village, alleviate poverty, advance the village economy, overcome development

gaps between villages, and strengthen village communities as development subjects. The analytical method

used is descriptive analysis. The results showed that the implementation of the Village Community

Development and Empowerment Program (P3MD) through prioritizing the use of village funds in the coastal

areas of West Aceh Regency was not fully able to improve the community's economy which was influenced

by the factors of implementing the Village Fund policy and Village Fund Allocation, including:

communication, resources, employee attitudes, bureaucratic structure and environment.

1 INTRODUCTION

In this reform era, village development has become a

priority scale in the context of accelerating the

achievement of community welfare levels. This is in

line with the principle of regional autonomy as an

instrument for improving people's welfare by always

paying attention to the interests and aspirations that

grow in society, especially rural communities.

However, the broad authority granted to the village

government and rural communities requires optimal

assistance because without assistance there will be

opportunities for irregularities and abuse of authority,

which will result in state financial losses, and the

realization of community welfare.

The enactment of Law Number 6 of 2014

concerning Villages confirms the political

commitment that the state protects and empowers

villages to become strong, advanced, independent and

democratic so as to create a solid foundation in

implementing governance and development. Village

arrangements are also intended to prepare villages to

respond to the processes of modernization,

globalization, and democratization that continue to

develop without losing their identity. The

strengthening and empowerment of rural

communities is in line with the third nawacita, namely

"building Indonesia from the periphery by

strengthening regions and villages".

One of the big agendas is to oversee the

implementation of the Village Law with assistance.

The placement of village assistants is reflected in the

Village Community Development and Empowerment

Program (P3MD) which was adopted since 2014.

P3MD is a program to accelerate poverty reduction in

an integrated and sustainable manner in order to

improve community welfare. The approach of the

Community Development and Empowerment

Program (P3MD) is in the form of providing

employment and income for the poor, efficiency and

effectiveness of activities, as well as successfully

growing community togetherness and participation.

With the policy of assisting the Village

Community Development and Empowerment

Program (P3MD), it is hoped that village financial

management will be carried out properly and

Sari, N. and Maiﬁzar, A.

Implementation of the Village Community Development and Empowerment Program (P3MD) Through Priorities of the Use of Village Funds in the Coastal Area, Aceh Barat Regency.

DOI: 10.5220/0011863700003582

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar and Call for Paper (ISCP) UTA â

Z45 Jakarta (ISCP UTA’45 Jakarta 2022), pages 10-15

ISBN: 978-989-758-654-5; ISSN: 2828-853X

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

accountably. This is important because the funds that

enter the village are not small funds, but are very large

to be managed by a village government. With the

Village Fund policy, the management dimension in

implementing the Village Fund policy needs to be

implemented According to the meaning of the

character of public policy put forward by Nugroho is:

"One way for a policy to achieve its goals is to

directly practice it in the form of programs or through

policy formation derived from the public policy

(Nugroho, 2004).

Villages in Aceh Barat Regency receive Village

Funds (DD) every year. A number of villages in West

Aceh Regency are recipients of DD in 2020 and 2020

based on West Aceh Regent Regulation Number: 17

of 2020 concerning Amendments to West Aceh

Regent's Regulation Number 07 of 2020 concerning

Procedures for Allocation, Distribution, Use,

Monitoring, and Evaluation of Village Funds in West

Aceh Regency for Fiscal Year 2020 and Regulation

of the Regent of Aceh Barat Number: 06 of 2020

concerning Procedures for Distribution and

Determination of Village Fund Details for Each

Village in Aceh Barat Regency for Fiscal Year 2020.

In connection with the Allocation of Village Funds in

Aceh Barat Regency,it can encourage the acceleration

of rural development Along with the population

growth which is quite large, it requires equal

distribution of physical development and community

empowerment in various lives.

It is not yet the known how effective the

implementation of policy assistance for development

programs and community empowerment is in West

Aceh Regency. Based on initial observations, it is

shown that the implementation of policy development

programs and empowerment of rural communities in

West Aceh Regency has not been optimal. This

P3MD policy in Aceh Barat Regency can be seen

from the position of the diversity of education levels

for assistant staff which reflects their ability to

understand the problems that occur in the village to

find solutions as well as the level of understanding in

providing capacity building to village government

officials and village community institutions. In

addition, the problem faced is the problem of human

resources or village officials who have not been able

to carry out village financial management optimally

and sometimes are not right on target, especially on a

priority scale. This study aims to analyze the

effectiveness of the implementation of the program's

policy assistance.

The term effectiveness contains the basic word

effective, derived from English, namely effective

which means successful or something that is done

successfully. Effectiveness is defined as the extent to

which an organization realizes its goals (Robbins,

1995; Handayaningrat, 1996). Called effective if the

goal or target is achieved as determined (Indrawijaya,

2000). As for the criteria for To measure the

effectiveness of an organization there are three

approaches that can be used, as proposed by Martani

and Lubis (1987), namely: (1) The source approach is

to measure the effectiveness of the inputs. The

approach prioritizes the success of the organization to

obtain resources, both physical and non-physical in

accordance with the needs of the organization. (2)

The process approach is to see the extent to which the

effectiveness of program implementation from all

internal process activities or organizational

mechanisms. (3) The target approach where the focus

is on the output, measuring the success of the

organization to achieve the results in accordance with

the plan.

The concept of implementation in policy studies

is commonly called implementation. Van Meter and

Van Horn (quoted in Winarno, 2012; Wibawa, et al.,

1994) state that policy mplementation is an action

taken by the government and the private sector both

individually and in groups intended to achieve goals.

The term implementation is always attached to the

policy, this means that what is implemented is policy.

According to Anderson cited by Wahab (2004) policy

is an action step that is intentionally carried out by an

actor or a number of actors regarding the existence of

certain problems or problems that are being faced.

One example of a policy is the Village

Community Development and Empowerment the

Program (P3MD), which is a national program in the

form of a policy framework as a basis and reference

for implementing community empowerment-based

poverty reduction programs. P3MD is implemented

through harmonization and development of program

systems and mechanisms and procedures, provision

of assistance and stimulant funding to encourage

community initiatives and innovations in sustainable

poverty reduction efforts. P3MD was developed by

the government on the basis of the importance of

more well-coordinated efforts to reduce poverty, not

separately or separately, but sustainably. The general

objective of P3MD is to create village independence

in development participation, as well as to increase

the welfare and employment opportunities of the poor

in rural areas.

P3MD is made effective through mentoring. As

stated in Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages,

village assistance is an activity to carry out

community empowerment actions through village

assistance, organization, direction and facilitation.

Implementation of the Village Community Development and Empowerment Program (P3MD) Through Priorities of the Use of Village

Funds in the Coastal Area, Aceh Barat Regency

Village assistance is carried out by the Village Local

Facilitator. Local Village Facilitator is someone who

accompanies the village in administration of

government, implementation of the development,

community development and the of community

empowerment and Village Assistant is someone who

assists the village in the is administration of

government, implementation of development,

ommunity, development and the community

impowerment, while an expert is someone who

accompanies and provides technical assistance with

expertise in management, studies, finance , training

and capacity building, regeneration, rural

infrastructure, and regulation. The In this study,

mentoring refers to the activities of Local Village

Facilitators to empower the community through

assistance, direction and facilitation in the process of

planning, implementing, and monitoring the DD

Program. Furthermore, to analyze the effectiveness of

the implementation of mentoring used the

effectiveness criteria of Martani and Lubis (1987)

mentioned above.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Abdul Wahab (2012:67) the concept of

implementation comes from language English

namely to implement (implement) means to provide

the means for carrying out (providing the means to

carry out something), to give practical effect to

(causes an impact or effect on something). This

understanding means that to support the future will

have an impact or effect on something. Nurdin Usman

(2002:70) states that implementation boils down to on

the activities, actions, actions or mechanisms of a

system, implementation is not just an activity, but an

activity that planned and to achieve the objectives of

the activity. Guntur Setiawan (2004:39) argues,

implementation is expansion of activities that

mutually adjust the process of interaction between

goals there are actions to achieve and require a

network of implementers, bureaucracy effective.

Muchlis Hamdi (2015:97) implementation or

implementation of policies related to endeavors to

achieve the goal of establishment of a certain policy.

Ramdhani, Ramdhani (2017:4) implementation of

the policy is follow-up activities of the process of

formulating and establishing policies. So that

implementation of policies can be interpreted as

actions that carried out, both by individuals and

government groups, which oriented towards

achieving the goals outlined in policy decisions. The

implications of policy implementation are

consequences that arise as a result of the

implementation of policies the policy. Evaluation

results on policy implementation can be produce an

intended impact or an unintended impact expected

(negative spillover effect). Hanif Nurcholis (2011:1)

village and kelurahan are two units government that

is given customary autonomy rights so that it

becomes a legal entity. While the kelurahan is an

administrative government unit that only is an

extension of the district / city government. So

Kelurahan is not a legal entity but only as a place of

operation government services from district/city

governments. Village area local. While the village is

an area with certain boundaries as a legal (customary)

community unit that has the right to regulate and

taking care of the affairs of the local community

based on their origins.

Decree of the Minister of Villages, Development

of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration of the

Republic of Indonesia Number 83 of 2017 concerning

determination general guidelines for the village

innovation program. In the village minister's decision,

development of underdeveloped areas and

transmigration number 83 of 2017 establishing

several village innovation programs, one of the

village innovation programs namely the Village

Community Development and Empowerment

Program (P3MD).

3 METHODS

The location of this research is in Aceh Barat

Regency. This study uses a qualitative descriptive

research method that aims to describe the nature of

something that is ongoing at the time of the study. The

informants in this study were people who fully

understood the issue of the P3MD Policy

Implementation in Aceh Barat District. Data

collection techniques were carried out through

interviews and observation and documentation. The

data analysis technique used in this study is an

interactive model qualitative analysis technique

developed by Miles & Huberman. This interactive

analysis model includes data reduction, data

presentation, and conclusion drawing/verification

(Bungin, 2007).

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results of research on the effectiveness of

implementing Village Community Development and

ISCP UTA’45 Jakarta 2022 - International Seminar and Call for Paper Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta

Empowerment Program (P3MD) policy in Aceh

Barat District can be described based on the three

approaches used.

1. Source approach (resource approach).

The success P3MD policy implementation

effectiveness process in improving the welfare of the

people in West Aceh Regency in terms of assistance

to achieve the desired resources is very dependent on

the ability to utilize available resources, namely:

human resources, time, financial resources. These

three resources greatly affect the mentoring process

in P3MD in Aceh Barat District in order to achieve

the desired target. With the support of resources, the

mentoring process in P3MD in Aceh Barat Regency

can be carried out well, but when in the process of

implementing P3MD mentoring there is no resource

support, the mentoring process is certainly not carried

out as planned or mutually agreed. Based on the

results of the author's interview with the Sub-District

Head of Johan Pahlawan which stated that:

"In the P3MD mentoring process, it is very

influential with the human resources in P3MD itself.

Success or failure depends on P3MD to provide good

knowledge. other sciences, the assistance process in

the field cannot run as desired. So human resources

have a very important role to determine the success of

P3MD implementation, whether it is at the village,

sub-district or district level”. (Interview April 2020)

The data above shows that the success of P3MD

mentoring to oversee the Village Fund in Aceh Barat

Regency, the influence of human resources is indeed

very large, this can be seen and illustrated how these

village facilitators began to assist the community and

village government starting from the village planning

process and village budget planning so that produce a

Village RKP document and a Village RPJM

document and at the implementation stage how these

village assistants teach and guide the community in

making designs and RAB, making simple financial

reports. An important resource is the availability of

funds. The opinion regarding the management of the

Village Fund as expressed by BPD Mekar Jaya is that:

"This issue of funds is indeed very vulnerable to

problems, especially the Village Fund, which is not

small in number, mismanaged and is not transparent,

it will cause vulnerability in the community. Now the

average use of Village Funds is towards infrastructure

or village development, while the field of village

community empowerment is still very minimal. How

do you want to improve the welfare of the community

if only activities are dominated by infrastructure work

that is enjoyed by certain people while community

empowerment activities are still ongoing, such as

training for farmers, for mothers who want to take

sewing or cake making courses, workshops and

carpentry? which is still not funded even though the

village funds are given to improve the welfare of the

village community”. (Interview April 2020)

Based on this opinion, it is true that sufficient and

adequate financial support will support the village

development process and community empowerment

will run smoothly, so good governance of the Village

Fund is needed so that the funds are right on target

and can be used for the benefit of development and

community empowerment in the West Aceh Regency

area. Thus, it can be concluded that the resources that

can influence the effectiveness of the P3MD policy

implementation in West Aceh District are human

resources, financial resources, and time resources.

These three dimensions of indicators are factors that

influence the success of the P3MD Policy

Implementation Effectiveness in West Aceh District.

The resource approach factor as one of the criteria

that affects the Effectiveness of P3MD Policy

Implementation in Aceh Barat District is to

strengthen the opinion expressed by Lubis and

Martani (1987).

2. Process Approach

The success of a program at the stage of

implementation of mentoring carried out in the

Village Community Development and Empowerment

Program (P3MD) in West Aceh Regency is very

dependent on the process of implementing the

activities itself carried out by village facilitators.

Village Facilitators in P3MD Aceh Barat Regency

have an important role in increasing community

participation and village institutions in village

development activities.

Assistance at P3MD in West Aceh Regency is

carried out by village assistants who are tasked with

assisting villages in implementing village

development and empowering village communities.

In terms of process, the implementation of the P3MD

program has been going well. This is confirmed by

the results of an interview with one of the Village

Heads of Padang Seurahet regarding the mentoring

process in the P3MD of West Aceh Regency stating

that:

“In the implementation of development activities

in Aceh Barat Regency, the community is not made

the object of various development projects, but is the

subject of their own development efforts. This is

reflected in the implementation of P3MD activities in

Aceh Barat Regency which is so directed that it starts

from the planning process that involves all elements

of the community where in the village development

planning process is a process of stages of activities

organized by the Village Government by involving

Implementation of the Village Community Development and Empowerment Program (P3MD) Through Priorities of the Use of Village

Funds in the Coastal Area, Aceh Barat Regency

the BPD and community elements in a participatory

manner for utilization and allocation. village

resources in order to achieve the goals and objectives

of village development, after that we go to the

budgeting process where in this budgeting process all

activities we will carry out based on the proposals

contained in the Village RKP document which will

later be included in the Village APB in the budgeting

document where it will later be clear how the village

finances are managed, the procedures for their

allocation, distribution, use, monitoring, and

evaluation of the Village Fund after that we enter into

the implementation Activities that are in line with the

procurement of goods and services and reporting on

reporting and accountability of the Village Head

submit a report on the realization of the

implementation of the Village Budget to the

Regent/Mayor every semester of the current year and

to ensure that the P3MD implementation process runs

well, at this last stage, guidance and supervision are

carried out. The function of fostering, monitoring,

monitoring and evaluating the use of Village Funds

since the planning, implementation, accountability

and utilization process. Conducted by the Regency

Government, it must provide assistance and

facilitation, through the formation of a special

coaching work unit. (Interview May 2020).

Based on the opinion of the informant, it can be

seen that the success of P3MD Policy Implementation

Effectiveness in West Aceh Regency approaches the

implementation process of activities that involve all

elements in P3MD including District Government,

District Government, Village Government,

Community and Facilitators. Thus, the process

approach to see how far the effectiveness of

implementing program activities greatly affects the

Effectiveness of P3MD Policy Implementation in

Aceh Barat District. This supports the opinion of

Lubis and Martani (1987).

3. Target Approach (goals approach)

Assistance in P3MD Aceh Barat Regency can be

measured by the level of success if the goals and

objectives of village facilitators can be realized in

policy implementation. Target is a tool to measure the

effectiveness of an organization as well as P3MD

which is a series of activities carried out in a

systematic and structured manner based on standard

operating procedures. Empowering within the village

scope means that there is a common perception of the

same development among 336 villages in West Aceh

Regency with community dynamics that may differ

from one sub-district to another, even within the

scope of inter-hamlet perceptions may differ, maybe

in one village the matrilinear position is still it is thick

to be heard than the voice of a sub-district head, in

other places maybe we can speak straightforwardly

without restrictions on the other hand speech must be

guarded to honor the host. Equating all villages in

West Aceh Regency that the Village Fund is to create

inclusiveness regardless of gender, race, ethnicity

may in theory seem easy, but unfortunately human

nature is not only easily illustrated through their

behavior at all times.

Disseminating Law Number 6 of 2014 to the

village community is not an easy thing because in this

socialization process we participate in building

awareness of the village community to build their

own village. This is confirmed by the results of an

interview with the Head of the Community and

Village Empowerment Service of West Aceh

Regency who stated that:

"The role of assistants in the field is very helpful

for village governments and village communities

where these assistants have provided knowledge to

them so that there is an increase in their knowledge,

attitudes, skills, behavior, abilities and awareness to

develop villages and utilize existing resources, but in

several sub-districts and there are still villages that are

not optimal in the mentoring process so that in several

locations the assistance of village facilitators is still

not effective this is due to the lack of assistants who

are placed to assist the area and the intensity of the

assistants at the task location and the relatively low

ability of village government officials in

understanding the knowledge and knowledge

conveyed by professional assistants. (Interview May

2020)

The data above shows that the involvement of the

facilitator in the development process in the village

means that the facilitator has started to be involved

from the beginning of the planning, implementation,

and evaluation process of village activities for one

year as part of the responsibility of the facilitator. The

more important thing to do is to be actively involved

and follow the current that has been running first, if

there are things that are not in accordance with the

provisions, they just need to be evaluated for future

improvements. Not only the facilitators themselves,

but also the village, sub-district and local

governments must play a role in the involvement of

mentoring. Based on the opinion of the informant, it

can be seen that the success of P3MD Policy

Implementation Effectiveness in West Aceh Regency

is influenced by the target approach where the role of

professional assistants is very important in efforts to

empower rural communities in a sustainable way in

terms of providing human resources and

management. The findings of this study support the

ISCP UTA’45 Jakarta 2022 - International Seminar and Call for Paper Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta

theory of Lubis and Martani (1987) about the

effectiveness of an organization.

5 CONCLUSION

The policy assistance of the Village Community

Development and Empowerment Program in West

Aceh Regency has not yet achieved optimal

effectiveness in its implementation. This can be seen

from the three approaches used to measure the

effectiveness of mentoring in P3MD in Aceh Barat

District, two indicators including the source approach

and the target approach have not worked well. In the

future, policy implementers need to focus more on

optimizing resources and involving wider target

groups.

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Jurnal Governance and Politics (JGP)

Vol. 1, No. 1, Tahun 2021, E-ISSN: 2776-3471

Implementation of the Village Community Development and Empowerment Program (P3MD) Through Priorities of the Use of Village

Funds in the Coastal Area, Aceh Barat Regency