Research on the Teaching Reform of "Building Construction" Course

in the Network Information Age: Green Low Carbon Transformation

as the Center

Guanghu Jin

Department of Architecture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China

Keywords: Network Information Technology, Building Construction, Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality, The

Teaching Reform.

Abstract: The highly developed network information technology makes it possible for us to learn more about the

latest foreword knowledge at the first time. Achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutralization is the only

way for China to promote high-quality development in the new development stage. As the highland of talent

training in the construction industry, colleges and universities should coordinate the construction of carbon

neutral related courses to provide solid support for talents in the construction field to achieve the ambitious

goal of carbon peak and carbon neutral. As the core course of the architecture major, "Building

construction" combines carbon peaking and carbon neutralization to reform the teaching content of building

materials, building modules, building energy conservation, building doors and windows, etc.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9935-0785

1 INTRODUCTION

The construction industry is a pillar industry in

China and one of the industries with the highest

carbon emissions. Computer information technology

analysis results In 2018, the carbon emissions of the

whole process of building operation in China's urban

and rural construction accounted for 51.3% of the

national total. In order to achieve the goal of carbon

peaking and carbon neutralization in the field of

urban and rural construction, it is necessary to

continuously promote innovation in all aspects based

on the management of the whole construction

process, so as to make the whole construction

process green, intelligent and sustainable. The

Implementation Plan for Carbon Peak in Urban and

Rural Construction issued in June 2022, the main

goal of which is to control the peak carbon

emissions in urban and rural construction by 2030,

and strive to achieve green and low-carbon

transformation in urban and rural construction mode

and modernization of carbon emission governance in

urban and rural construction by 2060, The full text

of the Plan can be viewed through the network

information platform (Fig 1).

As a basic course and a technical course in the

undergraduate education system of architecture

specialty, the content of "Building construction"

course is closely related to the diversification of

architectural technology, construction technology,

material technology and various systematic design

methods. However, in the past, the teaching content

of "Building construction" was mainly based on

traditional construction methods and building

materials, and there were few new materials and

technologies related to green and low carbon.

Therefore, this paper will make full use of the

cutting-edge direction of the network new media to

compare the latest national green and low-carbon

norms, procedures and standards with the relevant

content of the current "Building construction"

textbook, supplement and improve the teaching

content of the "Building construction" course, so that

the teaching content of the "Building construction"

course is closer to the requirements of today's green

and low-carbon development (JIN, 2017).

250

Jin, G.

Research on the Teaching Reform of "Building Construction" Course in the Network Information Age: Green Low Carbon Transformation as the Center.

DOI: 10.5220/0011909800003613

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on New Media Development and Modernized Education (NMDME 2022), pages 250-255

ISBN: 978-989-758-630-9

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Figure 1: Development history of green buildings in China.

2 RESEARCH PURPOSE AND

METHOD

In order to thoroughly implement the decision and

deployment of the CPC Central Committee and the

State Council on carbon peaking and carbon

neutralization, and make the teaching content of the

"Building construction" course more close to the

requirements of green and low-carbon development

in today's society, on the premise of collecting and

sorting out relevant green and low-carbon

documents, norms, procedures and standards

through various online and offline methods, consult

the shortcomings of the current "Building

construction" teaching materials and deepen and

supplement them, Put forward reasonable

suggestions for the teaching reform of "Building

construction" course of architectural specialty in

colleges and universities (

Table 1).

Table 1: Current green low carbon related specifications

Serial

Specification name Revision

1 Design standard for energy efficiency of public buildings (GB50189-2015) 2015

Design Standard for energy efficiency of residential buildings in severe

cold and cold zones (JGJ 26-2018)

2018

3 Assessment standard for green building (GB/T50378-2019) 2019

4 Standard for Building Carbon emission calculation (GB/T 51366-2019) 2019

General code for energy efficiency and renewable energy application in

uildings (GB55015-2021)

2021

Research on the Teaching Reform of "Building Construction" Course in the Network Information Age: Green Low Carbon Transformation

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251

3 REQUIREMENTS FOR GREEN

AND LOW-CARBON

DEVELOPMENT IN URBAN

AND RURAL CONSTRUCTION

3.1 Long Term Development

Requirements of Green and

Low-Carbon

Carry out digital review of construction drawings

based on network information technology, and

supervise the sustainable development of green and

sustainable building design. All new buildings in

domestic cities and towns will be constructed

according to the green building design standards by

2025. The buildings that meet the green building

standards will reach more than 30%, and all new

public construction projects invested by the

government will reach the standard of one star green

building or above (MOC & MSA, 2019). By 2030,

the energy efficiency rate of new residential

buildings in severe cold and cold regions will

increase from 75% to 83%; The energy efficiency

rate of new residential buildings in other climate

zones has increased from 65% to 75%; The energy

efficiency rate of new public buildings has increased

from the current 72% to 78%. We will promote the

large-scale development of low-carbon buildings,

and encourage all regions to actively build zero

carbon buildings and near zero energy consumption

buildings. By 2030, all public buildings in key cities

above prefecture level will be renovated, and the

energy saving rate will be increased by more than

20% on the original basis (MOC & MSA, 2022).

3.2 Green and Low-Carbon

Development Requirements at this

Stage

From April 2022, the energy consumption of new

residential buildings will be reduced by 30% on the

original basis, that is, the energy efficiency rate of

residential buildings in severe cold and cold regions

will increase from 65% to 75%, and that of

residential buildings in other climatic regions will

increase from 50% to 65%; The energy consumption

of new public buildings is reduced by 20% on the

original basis, that is, the energy saving rate is

increased from 65% to 72%. It also requires that the

carbon emissions of new buildings be reduced by

40% on the original basis and reported to the

competent department platform through network

information technology. The calculation method of

total carbon emissions (CM) in the whole phase of

building operation is:

CM 



∑

EiEFi



Cp







y

Where Ei is the energy consumption of class i of

buildings; EFi is the carbon emission factor of class i

energy; i is the type of terminal energy consumed by

buildings; Cp is the annual carbon reduction of

building green space carbon sink system; y is the

design life of the building; A is the building area

(MOC & MSA, 2019).

4 TEACHING CONTENT

REFORM OF "BUILDING

CONSTRUCTION" COURSE

4.1 Teaching Content Reform of

Building Materials

Building materials are the main contributors to

carbon emissions in the construction industry.

According to statistics, 41.3% of the carbon

emissions in the production stage of building

materials account for the total life cycle carbon

emissions of buildings. In addition, the proportion of

carbon emissions during the transportation of

building materials will be higher. Therefore,

reasonable selection of building materials in

architectural design will play an absolute role in

reducing carbon emissions in the construction

industry (

Table 2

Table 2: Carbon Emission Factors of Main Building

Materials.

Category of building materials

Carbon emission

facto

Ordinar

Portland cement 735k

e/t

Concrete bric

336 k

e/m

Autoclaved fl

ash bric

341 k

e/m

Fired fly ash solid bric

134 kg CO

e/m

Shale solid bric

292 kg CO

e/m

Shale hollow bric

204 kg CO

e/m

Gan

ue solid bric

22.8k

e/m

Coal

ue hollow bric

16.0k

e/m

C30 concrete 295 k

e/m

Cla

2.69 kg CO

e/t

Lime production (market

avera

)

1190 kg CO

e/t

Steelmaking pig iron 1700 kg CO

e/t

Natural gypsum 32.8 kg CO

e/t

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Cast

iron 2280 k

e/t

san

(f=1.6~3.0) 2.51 kg CO

e/t

Ordinary carbon steel 2050 kg CO

e/t

Polyvinyl chloride (market

average)

7300kg CO

e/t

Rock wool boar

1980kg CO

e/t

Polystyrene foam boar

5020kg CO

e/t

Plastic steel window 121k

e/m

Aluminum

late with 28500k

e/t

Universal woo

178 k

e/m

Plywoo

487 kg CO

e/m

Particleboar

336 kg CO

e/m

At present, the building structure design in the

"Building construction" textbooks used in China is

all around traditional building materials, but from

the perspective of carbon peaking, carbon

neutralization and the use of network information

technology, more materials with low carbon

emission factors are selected. For example, the

traditional method of flat roof slope making layer in

roof construction is to use expanded perlite, but the

carbon emission factor of expanded perlite has

reached 2880kgCO

e/t. The materials of slope

making layer should be changed to light aggregate

concrete, vermiculite cement mortar, slag cement

mortar and other materials with low carbon emission

factors according to the requirements of building

roof use, so as to reduce carbon emissions (MOC &

MSA, 2019).

4.2 Teaching Content Reform of

Building Module and Wall

In order to make building materials universal and

improve production efficiency, China has stipulated

a unified modular series for building materials. In a

large number of architectural designs, the opening,

depth and door and window dimensions of buildings

must be coordinated according to this module. In

order to achieve the ambitious goal of carbon

peaking and carbon neutralization, the country has

formulated a forward-looking policy of reducing the

proportion of building materials consumed at the

construction site by 2030 by 20% on the basis of

2020, and comprehensively promoting green

building materials on projects that meet the StarCraft

green building standards by 2030, And use network

information technology to supervise at any time.

Although the thickness of common brick walls is

included in the teaching material of "Building

construction" currently used in China, it is not

expanded and extended by combining wall materials

and modulus. In the selection of masonry bricks, the

building materials with low carbon emission factors

and the carbon emission factors in the transportation

process of building materials should be considered

first. Therefore, the coal gangue porous bricks and

hollow bricks with low carbon emission factors

produced locally should be selected as far as

possible through network information technology; In

addition, considering the loss rate of building

materials, the door and window buttresses, walls

between doors and windows, molding pilasters, etc.

shall be designed in combination with the brick

modulus as much as possible in the architectural

design. For example, walls with a length of less than

1 m shall be 120 mm, 180 mm, 250 mm, 370 mm,

500 mm, 680 mm, 750 mm and other dimensions to

avoid wasting materials and labor caused by brick

cutting during construction (

Table 3).

Table 3: Standard Brick Laying Method.

name Wall thicness legend

6 thick wall 1/4 brick wall

12 thick wall 1/2 brick wall

18 thick wall 3/4 brick wall

24 thick wall 1 brick wall

37 thick wall 3/2 brick wall

49 thick wall 2 brick wall

4.3 Teaching Content Reform of

Building Energy Conservation

China's building energy conservation started in the

1980s, but China has always attached importance to

the development of building energy conservation,

and has successively issued and updated the design

standards for building energy conservation in

Research on the Teaching Reform of "Building Construction" Course in the Network Information Age: Green Low Carbon Transformation

as the Center

253

various climatic regions, promoting the healthy and

rapid development of China's building energy

conservation field. Proper thermal insulation

materials for buildings can effectively improve

energy efficiency and promote green, sustainable

and low-carbon development. In order to protect the

ecological environment and cope with climate

change, implement the decision-making and

deployment of carbon peaking and carbon

neutralization, improve the efficiency of energy

resource utilization, promote the use of renewable

energy, promote low-carbon development, create a

good indoor space environment, and meet the needs

of high-quality development of the whole society,

the country has continued to pay attention to

building energy conservation design, successively

issued building energy conservation design

standards, green building evaluation standards,

building carbon emission calculation standards As of

now, the average energy efficiency rate of

residential buildings and public buildings in severe

cold and cold regions in China needs to reach 75%

and 72% respectively, according to the general

specifications and regulations for building energy

efficiency and renewable energy utilization (MOC &

MSA, 2015;

Fig 2).

Figure 2: Evolution of China's civil building energy

efficiency rate.

At present, the content of "Building

construction" textbooks used in China involves little

in building energy conservation, especially in the

current society where the national policy on carbon

peaking, carbon neutralization and deployment is

only reflected in the wall and roof chapters of

"Building construction" textbooks. The energy

saving rate of civil buildings is mainly achieved

through the improvement of the thermal insulation

function of the building envelope. Therefore, it is

necessary to add this part to the teaching content of

"Building structure", and pay attention to relevant

foreword knowledge through network information

technology at any time.

4.4 Teaching Content Reform of Doors

and Windows

Doors and windows are part of the building

envelope, and also an important link to ensure

building energy conservation, which needs to meet

many relevant indicators. At present, the content of

"Building construction" textbook used in China has

supplemented the content of energy conservation of

doors and windows, but the length is only one and a

half pages, without detailed description. The current

national codes and regulations describe the energy

conservation of windows and doors in residential

buildings, public buildings and industrial buildings

in more detail, such as the area ratio of windows to

walls, the area of roof skylights, and the thermal

performance of windows and doors, which should be

deepened in combination with the relevant computer

software for building energy conservation design.

(

Table 4)Extend this aspect for the green and low

carbon transformation of the construction industry to

lay the foundation for the realization of green and

low carbon national policies as soon as possible

(MOC, 2018).

Table 4: Requirements for window wall ratio of residential buildings.

orientation

Window wall area ratio

Frigid region Cold region

Hot summer and

cold winter area

Hot summer and

warm winter areas

Moderate Zone A

north ≤0.25 ≤0.30 ≤0.40 ≤0.40 ≤0.40

East, West ≤0.30 ≤0.35 ≤0.35 ≤0.30 ≤0.35

south ≤0.45 ≤0.50 ≤0.45 ≤0.40 ≤0.50

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5 CONCLUSIONS

Carbon peaking and carbon neutralization have

become the key direction of national development

and the strategic goal of green and low-carbon

transformation of the construction industry. In

today's society with highly developed network

information technology, we should learn more about

the latest foreword knowledge at the first time to

enrich the teaching content. As the highland of talent

training in the construction industry, colleges and

universities should closely follow the national

guidelines and policies, coordinate the construction

of relevant courses, provide solid support for

building professionals to achieve the ambitious goal

of carbon peaking, carbon neutralization, and

provide constructive suggestions for other colleges

and universities to reform the "building structure"

curriculum.

By analyzing the teaching content of the course

"Building construction", the following aspects

should be reformed. 1) For the selection of building

materials, try to choose materials with low carbon

emission factor and produced in local or surrounding

cities; 2) The building is designed according to the

modulus to reduce the material loss rate and reduce

carbon emissions; 3) In combination with the

requirements of the current national energy

conservation rate standard, building energy

conservation design runs through most chapters of

the "building construction" curriculum; 4) Improve

the performance of building doors and windows, and

make the weak links of the exterior enclosure

structure meet the current standard requirements.

REFERENCES

Guanghu JIN. (2017). On the application of school

enterprise cooperation in the course of "building

construction" in colleges and universities. J. Chinese

and foreign architecture, 73-75.

Lin Qin & Hongyang Wei. (2019). Building construction

(Part 1). M. Beijing: China Architecture Press.