The Institutional and Legal Provision of Human Social Security Under

the War

Zakharii S. Varnalii

1 a

, Oksana V. Cheberyako

1 b

, Nataliia S. Miedviedkova

1 c

Oksana P. Mykytiuk

1 d

and Dmytro V. Nikytenko

2 e

Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine

National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, 11 Soborna Str., Rivne, 33028, Ukraine

Keywords:

Human Social Security, War, Institutional Provision of Human Social Security, Legal Provision of Human

Social Security, State Policy, Human Social Security Risks and Threats.

Abstract:

Theoretical approaches to the essence of human social security and the study of ideas about social security

among residents of the southern and eastern regions of Ukraine are considered. It made it possible to formulate

the essence of human social security under the war conditions. The institutional provision of human social

security and its components were studied: in the ﬁeld of economic relations, in the ﬁeld of institutionalization

of employment relations, in the ﬁeld of the organizational mechanism for regulating the labor market, in the

ﬁeld of migration. An analysis of foreign experience in ensuring human social security made it possible to

single out American, European and Ukrainian models. Since Ukraine has chosen the European integration

course, it is advisable to consider the European model of social security and the possibilities of its application

in Ukraine. At the same time, the American model has its own characteristics that may be useful for Ukraine.

The recommendations for improving the institutional and legal provision of human social security under the

war include the following: at the state level, it is necessary to ensure the integration of the social component

in the strategy for implementing socio-economic reforms; anticipate the norms of public democratic control in

legislative and regulatory documents; a modern system of public administration to ensure the social security

of Ukraine can be based on how to maintain the development of the economy, take in accordance with speciﬁc

principles for the implementation of the national social system.

1 INTRODUCTION

In the context of a complex and unpredictable

military-political situation in Ukraine, caused by a

deep full-scale Russian military invasion of Ukraine,

the problem of human social security deserves spe-

cial attention, which directly affects the effectiveness

of changes in all spheres of public life.

War is an extreme manifestation of social danger,

which is an extreme form of aggravation of social re-

lations – social, economic, political, religious, inter-

state. This is a very acute form of resolving conﬂicts

between states, groups of people using modern means

of destruction and accompanied by violence, large-

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-8760

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1563-9611

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6359-561X

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8657-7278

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4989-0879

scale destruction, death of people, components of na-

ture, technology.

According to the UN High Commissioner for Hu-

man Rights, since the beginning of the large-scale

invasion of Russian troops into Ukraine, more than

2,000 civilians have been killed, about 3,000 peo-

ple have been injured, and more than 15,000 have

gone missing since the start of Russia’s war against

Ukraine. Hundreds of cases of rape by Russian in-

vaders in Ukraine have already been recorded, includ-

ing underage girls, children and even a baby.

During two months of the war, about 5 million

people left Ukraine – mostly women and children, and

another 7 million Ukrainians became internally dis-

placed persons. This necessitates further steps to ﬁnd

ways to improve the institutional and legal support of

human social security.

Given the relevance of the study, the purpose of

this paper is to analyze the institutional and legal pro-

vision of human social security under the war, re-

Varnalii, Z., Cheberyako, O., Miedviedkova, N., Mykytiuk, O. and Nikytenko, D.

The Institutional and Legal Provision of Human Social Security Under the War.

DOI: 10.5220/0011931100003432

In Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Monitoring, Modeling Management of Emergent Economy (M3E2 2022), pages 53-62

ISBN: 978-989-758-640-8; ISSN: 2975-9234

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

search foreign experience and develop recommenda-

tions for its improvement in Ukraine. The object of

the research is the institutional and legal provision for

ensuring human social security; the subject is a set of

theoretical and practical aspects of institutional and

legal provision for ensuring human social security un-

der the war. In recent years, a number of informative

analytical studies have been published by domestic

and foreign experts, which examine the goals, mecha-

nisms, technologies and means of Russian aggression

in Ukraine and Europe.

2 RESEARCH METHODS

Human social security is the foundation of the funda-

mental research methodology. Systematic approach

was used in order to determine the mechanism, types

and indicators of human social security (Halytsa and

Hetman, 2017; Kharazishvili and Grishnova, 2018).

Methods of theoretical generalisation were applied to

study and systematise types of social security and

public policy concepts for ensuring social security

(Libanova and Paliy, 2004; Krokhtina, 2004).

Some authors used conceptual approaches to the

essence of human social security (Nikolaev, 2011;

Varnalii et al., 2022a). Groupings and tabular method

were used to characterize types of institutional risks

and treats in human social security (Iliash, 2011;

Kharazishvili and Grishnova, 2018), study informa-

tion and analytical systems of social protection of the

population in different countries (Kharazishvili et al.,

2020; Lebanidze, 2017; Yasutis, 2017), analyze state

policy of ensuring human social security (nsa, 2018;

Sydorchuk, 2019; Varnalii et al., 2022b). Scientiﬁc

and methodical approach was used to develop strate-

gic directions for improving human social security

(Yasutis, 2017; nsa, 2018; Sydorchuk, 2019; Varnalii

et al., 2022b).

Research data show that the problems of the insti-

tutional and legal provision of human social security

under the war are not sufﬁciently studied.

To achieve the goal of this paper, we used general

scientiﬁc and special methods, such as:

1) the structural-functional method (for disclosure

the treats of human social security). Thus,

we used this method for revealing the inﬂuence

mechanism of treats on main indicators of human

social security. First, we identiﬁed main groups

of threats to human social security and their com-

ponents, revealed their interconnection within one

system. Having identiﬁed the treats of human so-

cial security, we deﬁned the directions for devel-

oping recommendations to prevent treats and min-

imize related risks;

2) the comparison method (for comparing the legis-

lation for ensuring human social security between

Ukraine and other countries). In turn, it gives im-

petus to the formation of directions for ensuring

human social security under the war.

3 THEORETICAL APPROACHES

TO THE ESSENCE OF HUMAN

SOCIAL SECURITY

The concept of “social security” in the scientiﬁc lit-

erature began to take shape in the late 90s of the last

century. This category was declared in the Copen-

hagen Declaration on Social Development (United

Nations, 1995), which touched upon the social aspects

of sustainable development, designed to ensure social

security in the world.

An important issue is the formation of appropriate

conditions for the implementation of one of the fun-

damental human needs – the need for security. Back

in 1994, a proposal appeared in the practice of the UN

to consider such components of security as political,

economic, personal, food, health, community and en-

vironmental security (UNDP (United Nations Devel-

opment Programme), 1994). And if in the past it was

believed that because of security at the state level, it is

possible to ensure the security of an individual, today

it works the other way around: the center of the new

concept of security is not the state, but the person.

The term “social security” ﬁrst found its concrete

expression in an international document – the Copen-

hagen Declaration on Social Development adopted by

the World Summit for Social Development in 1995.

In a democratic society, the interests of the social

security of a person and the state should generally cor-

relate and be harmoniously balanced. In the legal ﬁeld

of Ukraine there is no ofﬁcial deﬁnition of the cate-

gory “social security”, and the term “social security”

has recently entered the scientiﬁc and political circu-

lation.

Consequently, the individual, not the state, is in

the center of the new concept of security. An in-

creasing number of factors testify that if we start with

human security and build state policy and the work

of non-governmental actors around this, then the life

of society becomes more predictable and integrated.

Moreover, society’s ability to resist both internal and

external threats will gradually increase.

Human social security is the ability and readiness

of the state, society and individual to protect them-

M3E2 2022 - International Conference on Monitoring, Modeling Management of Emergent Economy

selves from dangers and threats to life, health, basic

social values – human rights and freedoms.

In modern democracies, the concept of “human

security” is gaining momentum. In fact, this is a

kind of transition from a very narrow to a broad un-

derstanding of security. The absence of war or other

threats to the life and health of citizens, the low level

of crime does not mean a safe environment in the

modern world. First, it is formed at different levels:

from personal security, security of life in a particu-

lar community to the national and international level.

Secondly, security is decomposed into various com-

ponents, and only their totality determines how safe

the citizen’s environment is.

Libanova and Paliy (Libanova and Paliy, 2004),

when revealing the essence of social security, also

holds the opinion that the state of human security, is

the result of the implementation of a social protection

policy. At the same time, she describes social security

as one of the components of state security, interpret-

ing it as a state of protection from threats to social

interests. According to Krokhtina (Krokhtina, 2004),

social security is formed in the system of legal and

social guarantees that allow a person to function most

effectively within a certain socio-political formation.

In our opinion, human social security should be

understood as the degree of protection of the vital

socio-economic interests of a person, his rights, free-

doms and values from internal and external, real and

potential threats. It is associated with the observance

of the most important social standards: overcom-

ing poverty, the growth of human potential (life ex-

pectancy and level of education), increasing the pur-

chasing power of the population, the quality of work-

ing life, the protection of the family, motherhood and

childhood; health services; environmental standards,

etc.

4 CURRENT SOCIO-ECONOMIC

SITUATIONS OF THE

POPULATION

According to the research of the sociological group

“Rating” in the framework of the project “Ukraine in

the conditions of war” (sur, 2022), among Ukrainians

who worked before the war, half of them (53%) do

not work today. 22% of them work as usual, 21% of

them work remotely or partially, and only 2% of them

have found a new job. This is an indicator of not only

economic problems, but also social and psychological

ones. Work is not only an economy, it is a habitual

way of life, communication and interaction with oth-

ers. A signiﬁcant proportion of citizens have lost such

support and are more likely to have received a higher

level of maladaptation. Most of all, this affected resi-

dents of the east (74%), young people under 35 years

old (60%) and those who left their city (66%).

• The economic situation as a result of the war did

not change only for 18% of citizens, for 52% of

them it deteriorated signiﬁcantly, for 28% of them

it rather deteriorated. Income “closes” the basic

needs of a person, gives security and reduces anx-

iety in front of an uncertain future.

• 40% of respondents believe that their savings

will be enough only for a month. However, the

COVID-19 pandemic taught Ukrainians how to

save money and the percentage of those who in-

creased their material security during the crisis in-

creased (during the ﬁrst quarantine, 55% of them

believed that they would only have enough sav-

ings for a month). Therefore, given the socio-

economic and psychological importance of em-

ployment, it is now very important to resume work

as much as possible.

Scientists from the Institute of Industrial Eco-

nomics of NAS of Ukraine (nsa, 2018) have re-

searched, that human social security is manifested

mainly in favorable and safe living conditions

(63,8%), while a healthy lifestyle occupies the low-

est position at 1,9% (ﬁgure 1).

Figure 1: Assessment of external and internal factors of

manifestation of human social security (% to the number

of experts) (nsa, 2018; Sydorchuk, 2019).

It is important to note that even in the conditions

of war, security in the minds of people does not fo-

cus solely on ending the war or establishing law and

order, but covers various areas of their lives. Thus,

The Institutional and Legal Provision of Human Social Security Under the War

in 2020, Heinrich B

oll Foundation conducted a study

of security perceptions among residents of four south-

ern and eastern regions of Ukraine. The key task of

the researchers was to ﬁnd out: what do the citizens

themselves in the front-line areas think about security,

what does it mean for them, and, most importantly,

what does it consist of?

It could be assumed that this part of the popu-

lation, like no other, would be inclined to a narrow

view of security, since along with war, the local pop-

ulation directly or indirectly suffers from the conse-

quences of the conﬂict. However, the study showed

very different results. Yes, citizens imagine security

in the broadest sense, that is, precisely as human se-

curity. Security, in their opinion, implies a set of con-

ditions, circumstances and opportunities under which

various spheres of public life fully function and cre-

ate comfort and a sense of security among citizens

(Mikheieva et al., 2020).

Thus, for the inhabitants of these regions, secu-

rity primarily consists of the following components:

physical, ﬁnancial security, health security, proper

work of law enforcement agencies, freedom of polit-

ical or civil views, safety of movement in their local-

ity, and a number of others. This means that even in

the immediate vicinity of an area of long-term con-

ﬂict, citizens understand security as a big jigsaw puz-

zle that spans various areas of their lives and does not

focus solely on the concepts of ending the war.

5 THE INSTITUTIONAL

PROVISION OF HUMAN

SOCIAL SECURITY AND ITS

COMPONENTS

Today, the current state of the social sphere is a cri-

sis and threatens human social security, produces la-

bor poverty, a decrease in the economic activity of the

able-bodied population and the expansion of econom-

ically forced labor, the stratiﬁcation of the population,

the imbalance of the labor market, and, accordingly,

reduces the efﬁciency of the functioning of the com-

plex of social institutions.

The disadvantages of institutional support for the

development of the human social security system are

as follows:

• lack of prerequisites for ensuring expanded re-

production of high-quality and competitive labor

force through the formation and implementation

of national demographic, migration, career guid-

ance and educational strategies;

• low level of functioning of the social partnership

system, the role of trade unions in resolving con-

ﬂicts between organizations representing differ-

ent interests in society through negotiations and

reaching compromises with the participation of

local executive authorities;

• excessive regulation of labor relations at the micro

level, which limits the resilience of social institu-

tions at the regional and national levels;

• the imperfection of the mechanisms of state sup-

port for the entrepreneurial initiative of citizens;

low level of economic activity of the population;

• the imperfection of the activities of state authori-

ties to address the problem of illegal labor migra-

tion of citizens of Ukraine outside the country;

• the unresolved problem of organizing a uniﬁed

national system of social, medical and pension in-

surance for the population;

• lack of experience in carrying out structural re-

form of the labor market by local government

bodies;

• insufﬁcient level of autonomy of local executive

authorities and local governments in decision-

making on the development of social infrastruc-

ture.

In general, the existing system of social security is

characterized by a high level and signiﬁcant scale of

institutional threats, which leads to the development

of directions for its strengthening (ﬁgure 2):

THREATS TO

HUMAN SOCIAL

SECURITY

in the field of

institutionalization of

employment relations

in the

field of

economic

relations

in the field

migration

in the field of the

organizational mechanism for

regulating the labor market

Figure 2: Threats to human social security (Iliash, 2011).

• in the ﬁeld of economic relations:

– increasing the efﬁciency of the motivational

component of the shadowing of labor, which

consists in further reducing the tax burden,

M3E2 2022 - International Conference on Monitoring, Modeling Management of Emergent Economy

simplifying tax legislation and regulating eco-

nomic activity, along with improving the qual-

ity of public services.

– the introduction of effective methods of attract-

ing workers to various forms of economic ac-

tivity, which will allow the legalization of hired

labor under an employment agreement;

– development of a regional sectoral program

for creating and maintaining jobs in the agro-

industrial complex, the implementation by re-

gional employment centers and local govern-

ments of social expertise of all investment and

other regional targeted programs in terms of

their impact on the creation and preservation of

jobs in the rural economy; in the ﬁeld of insti-

tutionalization of employment relations:

– a decrease in the number of forcedly created in-

formal jobs due to a revision of the monetary

and non-monetary costs of employers associ-

ated with the hiring and dismissal of the work-

force;

– active informing the public through the me-

dia about social vulnerability in case of non-

registration of labor relations with the employer

ofﬁcially, as well as the main articles of the cur-

rent legislation to which employees are entitled.

• in the ﬁeld of the organizational mechanism for

regulating the labor market:

– strengthening state supervision and control

over compliance with the requirements of labor

legislation

– the creation of a regional system of labor

courts, the activities of which will allow em-

ployees to assert their rights easier and faster,

eliminate excessive red tape in the considera-

tion of cases, and ensure their prompt and im-

partial consideration;

– introducing specialists into the circle of social

partners who could offer an adequate method-

ology for calculating the tariff scale, taking

into account the characteristics of types of eco-

nomic activity and individual enterprises, tak-

ing into account the differentiation of levels of

regional development;

– the creation by the state and regional authori-

ties of appropriate initial conditions for the le-

galization of virtual labor capital, which will in-

crease the opportunities for the development of

the economy of border regions, signiﬁcantly in-

crease the competition of specialists in the ﬁeld

of intellectual and information services;

• in the ﬁeld of migration:

– ensuring a high level of employment of the pop-

ulation through the formation of a ”ﬂexible” la-

bor market in Ukraine through the development

of a joint action plan for the allocation by indi-

vidual EU members of a quota for the employ-

ment of citizens of Ukraine;

– ensuring legal protection of domestic workers

abroad by intensifying work in this direction by

the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. If the introduc-

tion of such control is recognized, consider cre-

ating a specialized body of state administration

(State Agency), whose competence included is-

sues related to the employment of Ukrainian

citizens in the EU member states;

– strengthening legal protection and providing

social guarantees to labor migrants during their

stay abroad, subject to return to their homeland;

providing assistance at the state level to protect

the interests of labor migrants in resolving la-

bor conﬂicts with foreign employers.

6 THE LEGAL PROVISION OF

HUMAN SOCIAL SECURITY

According to article 25 of the Universal Declaration

of Human Rights, “everyone has the right to such

essential things as food, clothing, housing, medical

care and social services” (Con, 1996). The Universal

Declaration of Human Rights, international covenants

on civil and political, economic, socio-cultural rights

legally guarantee citizens the right to life, inviolability

of the person, social protection, freedom of opinion

and belief, education and protection of social status

(Dec, 1948). The rights, freedoms and duties of citi-

zens are a necessary condition for the effective func-

tioning of society and are subject to its cultural, ma-

terial and spiritual norms.

A person, his life and health, honor and dignity,

inviolability and security, in accordance with Article

3 of the Constitution, are recognized as the highest so-

cial value (Con, 1996). That is why social security is

given special attention. It plays a key role in the entire

system of national security. As a social state, Ukraine

recognizes a person as the highest social value, dis-

tributes public wealth in accordance with the principle

of social justice and takes care of strengthening civil

harmony in society. According to part 4 of article 13

of the Constitution of Ukraine, the state ensures the

social orientation of the economy, which is the basis

for the realization of social rights of citizens, in par-

ticular to social protection and an adequate standard

of living.

The Institutional and Legal Provision of Human Social Security Under the War

Ukraine seeks to implement the constitutional pro-

visions that deﬁne it as a social and legal state. Citi-

zens of Ukraine, in accordance with Article 46 of the

Constitution of Ukraine, “have the right to social pro-

tection, including the right to be provided for them

in case of complete, partial or temporary disability,

loss of a breadwinner, ... in old age”. This right

is guaranteed by compulsory state social insurance

(Con, 1996).

7 FOREIGN EXPERIENCES IN

ENSURING HUMAN SOCIAL

SECURITY

The social security of a person presupposes the pres-

ence of three models: European, American and do-

mestic. According to the Association Agreement be-

tween Ukraine and the EU, Ukraine has chosen the

European integration course, that’s why it is advisable

to consider the European model of social security and

the possibilities of its application in Ukraine. At the

same time, the American model has its own charac-

teristics that may be useful for Ukraine (ﬁgure 3):

Figure 3: Models for ensuring human social security (Ha-

lytsa and Hetman, 2017).

1. European model of ensuring social security is

characterized by high minimum living standards;

ﬂexibility in deﬁning the “parameters” of so-

cial security; gender neutrality; contains a wide

range of protective measures in the event of social

threats; has an extensive list of unforeseen social

circumstances, signiﬁcant institutional support for

socially unprotected segments of the population.

Taking into account the experience of other coun-

tries, we believe that Ukraine should pay attention

to the following issues:

(a) Including the norm of public democratic con-

trol in all adopted documents. A democratic

political system and democratic control of the

armed forces play an important role in prepar-

ing for NATO membership. For example,

Lithuania fully complied with all the require-

ments, and this was legally proven. The norms

of public democratic control are indicated in all

adopted documents (Fundamentals of Lithua-

nian National Security, the Law on the Orga-

nization of National Defense and Military Ser-

vice, the Military Defense Strategy, the Na-

tional Security Strategy, the Military Strategy).

(b) The importance of the socio-economic devel-

opment of national security is recognized in

all strategic documents. In Georgia, the at-

tentiveness of the socio-economic development

of national security is recognized in all strate-

gic documents. Thus, the National Secu-

rity Concept of Ukraine (President of Ukraine,

2021) notes that sustainable economic develop-

ment is a key condition for ensuring the coun-

try’s national security. The National Security

Concept of Ukraine notes the threats regard-

ing low employment and economic backward-

ness, namely: social stratiﬁcation, the absence

of a middle class, an increase in the crime

rate. Thus, improving the socio-economic liv-

ing conditions of the population has become a

key component of Georgia’s security (Leban-

idze, 2017; Sydorchuk, 2019).

2. American model of ensuring social security is

based on the predominant ﬁnancing of the provi-

sion of unforeseen threats; has ﬁxed social secu-

rity “parameters” and clearly deﬁned social con-

tingencies; characterized by the alternative choice

of the social model of protection.

3. Ukrainian model of ensuring social security is

fragmented: from a legal point of view, it is sys-

temic and complex from the point of view of the

regulatory framework, and in fact, it is ineffec-

tive due to the bureaucracy of procedures for pro-

viding social assistance to all categories, the lack

of the necessary amount of funds for social assis-

tance through demographic and migration imbal-

ances and imbalances in the labor market, rein-

forced by an unformed social infrastructure.

4. The genesis of the mechanism for ensuring social

security in the European and American models is

characterized by the sequence: “social guarantees

social obligations social security social

security”, and the genesis of the mechanism for

ensuring social security in the domestic model oc-

curs in the opposite direction (Halytsa and Het-

man, 2017).

The European Code of Social Security is the main

normative document of the Council of Europe in the

ﬁeld of social security (ECS, 2022a). Although the

M3E2 2022 - International Conference on Monitoring, Modeling Management of Emergent Economy

Code was approved in 1964, it is a valuable tool in

deﬁning common European social standards that can

be used in the process of reforms that are taking place

today in many European countries (especially in Cen-

tral and Eastern Europe). The main idea of these le-

gal instruments is to create a social security model

based on social justice that is unique for all European

countries. According to this model, the socially un-

protected strata (those who cannot earn a living due

to illness, old age, unemployment, work injury, occu-

pational diseases, pregnancy and childbirth, disability

or death of the breadwinner) should be guaranteed by

the state a decent standard of living and support from

society.

According to this code, the right to social security

is enshrined in one of the main human rights docu-

ments of the Council of Europe – the European So-

cial Charter (ECS, 2022b). The ratifying states are

obliged to maintain the social security system at a sat-

isfactory level. Thus, the promotion of the European

Code of Social Security is the main task of the Coun-

cil of Europe to create common values for the social

orientation of its member countries.

Unfortunately, war is always associated with vari-

ous forms of violence against women and girls. When

seeking refuge during conﬂicts, women and girls be-

come even more vulnerable to violence, sexual ha-

rassment and rape. Women and girls who are moving

out of conﬂict need special support and protection.

The Council of Europe Convention on preventing and

combating violence against women and domestic vio-

lence (Istanbul Convention) (Ist, 2011) therefore com-

plements the 1951 Geneva Convention relating to the

Status of Refugees (UNHCR, 2022) and requires its

35 member states to develop reception procedures and

support services for asylum seekers. At present, the

process of ratiﬁcation of the Istanbul Convention must

continue.

8 FEATURES OF THE

INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL

PROVISION OF HUMAN

SOCIAL SECURITY IN

CONDITIONS OF THE WAR

First, it is advisable to note the priority areas of the

state’s activities to ensure social security according to

a survey of respondents (table 1).

Therefore, the state’s top priorities are to prevent

and minimize external and internal threats, as well as

to implement a strategic course for the development

of a social state.

Table 1: Measures taken by the state to ensure social secu-

rity (nsa, 2018; Sydorchuk, 2019)).

No Directions % to the number

of experts

1 Prevent and minimize

external and internal threats 66.7

2 Implement a strategic course

for the development of

a welfare state 52.4

3 Ensure effective social

management 44.8

4 Realize the social interests

of the citizens of Ukraine 42.9

5 Develop and implement

government decent work

programs 27.6

6 Create opportunities to

achieve the 2030 Sustainable

Development Goals 24.8

7 Ensure the efﬁciency

and fairness of the state

social insurance system 12.4

8 Increase the position of

Ukraine in international

rankings of social orientation 8.6

The events of recent years have shown a serious

crisis in the system of not only social, but also in-

ternational security due to Russia’s external interfer-

ence in the internal affairs of independent states, at-

tempts to destabilize their political systems and direct

forceful seizure of foreign territories. The hybrid war

that began in 2014 provided for a diverse and long-

term destabilization of the socio-economic and polit-

ical situation in Ukraine. Unfortunately, almost all

international security guarantees for Ukraine turned

out to be incapacitated in conditions where one of the

guarantors acted as the aggressor. The social dimen-

sion of the occupation of part of the Donbass and the

annexation of Crimea formed a number of new social

problems: the protection of human rights and coun-

tering racial discrimination against the population of

the occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea, in-

ternally displaced persons (about 1,5 million), orga-

nization of their residence, employment, assignment

of social beneﬁts to them, pensions, administrative

recognition of documents, issues of “political prison-

ers” and missing persons and their families, the proce-

dure for admission to higher education institutions of

applicants from the temporarily occupied territories,

provision of ATO participants and others.

On June 19, 2020, the UN General Assembly ap-

proved Resolution 74/168 “Situation of human rights

in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of

The Institutional and Legal Provision of Human Social Security Under the War

Sevastopol, Ukraine” (Sit, 2020), which condemned

the temporary occupation by the Russian Federation

of part of the territory of Ukraine – the Autonomous

Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, con-

ﬁrmed the non-recognition of its annexation The war

in the East of Ukraine and the annexation of Crimea

negatively affected the social security of a person and

requires the adaptation of the social policy of the state

and the improvement of the mechanism for its im-

plementation, taking into account the socio-economic

state of the regions of Ukraine.

A new challenge for social security was the large-

scale war of Russia against Ukraine, which began on

February 24, 2022 (Hamaniuk et al., 2022). Thus,

with the increase in the scale and duration of aggres-

sive hostilities, an increasing number of threats arise

related to the observance of the necessary social se-

curity, society suffers heavy losses in the form of hu-

man casualties, material damage, environmental de-

struction and the threat of an ecological catastrophe.

Social security cannot meet the principles of social

solidarity, responsibility and partnership, resist exter-

nal and internal existing and potential threats and pro-

vide social protection and conditions for improving

the quality of life. The main prerequisite for observ-

ing human social security is to strengthen the power

of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Ukraine continues

to follow the course of Euro-Atlantic integration and

membership in NATO, strives to become in the future

an element of a new European security architecture,

where its vital interests will be ensured collectively

with the direct participation of Ukraine itself. Without

joining the North Atlantic Alliance – a system of col-

lective security, Ukraine will not have effective levers

of inﬂuence on decision-making in the future, taking

into account its national interests.

9 DISCUSSION AND

LIMITATIONS

9.1 Discussion

On the one hand, since the beginning of Russia’s full-

scale invasion of Ukraine, a signiﬁcant amount of re-

search using statistics and survey data has already

been done. At the same time, not all information is

signiﬁcant, because under the information warfare af-

fecting the quality of the received information, it is

impossible to make a complete exhaustive assessment

of the current situation in the country. Therefore,

many aspects of human social security are debatable.

9.2 Limitations

Data for analysis is limited for a number of reasons:

ﬁrstly, insufﬁcient statistical data (some information

is not available due to the fact that some ofﬁcial web-

sites with information about the state of affairs of

the government are closed due to cyber-attacks); sec-

ondly, not all people are willing to participate in the

survey because of the psychological effects of war and

post-traumatic stress disorder. In turn, this does not

make it possible to conduct a comprehensive empiri-

cal study.

10 CONCLUSIONS

In our opinion, the current legislation on ensuring so-

cial security in Ukraine is ineffective and has a pre-

dominantly declarative nature. In the context of a

deep socio-economic and political crisis, exacerbated

by the instability and uncertainty of the situation in

the East of the country, an increase in the level of

well-being of the population, and even more so – the

standard of living, strengthening social standards on

the European model in the context of the “defensive”

orientation of the budget and the galloping shadow

economy, it seems difﬁcult. However, these recom-

mendations may include the following:

1. At the state level, it is necessary to ensure the in-

tegration of the social component into the strategy

for implementing socio-economic reforms. The

challenges of the time dictate the latest conditions

for the formation of information support for man-

agement in the ﬁeld of merit in the social security

of the country.

2. Anticipate the norms of public democratic con-

trol in legislative and regulatory documents. The

considered foreign experience allows us to take

into account that in Lithuania the norms of pub-

lic democratic control are indicated in all adopted

documents, including the latest ones. In par-

ticular, according to the 2016 Military Strategy,

democratic public control is a fundamental princi-

ple in the implementation of the military strategy,

which notes that democratically elected civilian

authorities make decisions on Lithuanian defense

policy, the expansion of military potential and its

use.

3. The modern system of public administration to

ensure the social security of Ukraine should be

based on and meet the Sustainable Development

Goals, take into account the relevant conceptual

M3E2 2022 - International Conference on Monitoring, Modeling Management of Emergent Economy

principles for the implementation of an appropri-

ate national security system. At the same time,

one should take into account the latest technolog-

ical innovations in the developed countries of the

world, European standards of social development.

In this aspect, it is advisable to develop public

immunity to military, economic, political, medi-

cal, and informational challenges in Ukraine. The

long-term unresolved social problems in the vast

majority of society acts as one of the main factors

in the emergence and development of a number of

threats in various segments of national security.

4. In today’s conditions, Ukraine’s movement to-

wards the European model of ensuring social se-

curity is obvious. We consider it necessary to use

predominantly the scientiﬁc achievements of do-

mestic scientists to build the constituent subsys-

tems of the existing mechanism for ensuring so-

cial security in order to restore the logical chain

of the course of events in the sequence system:

“social guarantees social obligations social

security social security”.

11 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR

FURTHER RESEARCH

Future research should include a comprehensive em-

pirical study of human social security and ways for its

improvement under the war. It is required to study the

area of institutional and legal support of human social

security in developed and developing countries. The

matter is that we need the experience of developing

countries to build a medium-term strategy for ensur-

ing human social security, and developed countries —

for a long-term strategy. Moreover, it is important to

take into account the various situations that have ap-

peared in the context of economic difﬁculties (ﬁnan-

cial and economic crises, pandemics and wars).

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