Exposure Evaluation of the Complete Dosage Sinovac and Pfizer

COVID-19 Vaccination into Office Employees

Elvira Potoboda and Diana Laila Ramatillah

Faculty Pharmacy, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Covid-19, Sinovac, Pfizer, Office Employees.

Abstract: To find out the amount of exposure to covid-19 from Sinovac or Pfizer vaccination participants to office

employees and to find out the relationship between age, gender, type of vaccine, BMI, vaccine side effects,

and exposure to Covid-19 of Sinovac and Pfizer vaccine participants to office employees. This type of research

uses a cross-sectional prospective research design. The data collection technique was carried out using a survey

method using google forms distributed offline and online to office employees vaccinated with complete doses of

Sinovac and Pfizer vaccines with a convenience sampling method. The number of exposures to Covid-19 after

being vaccinated with Sinovac and Pfizer was 127 with Sinovac 111 and Pfizer 16 respectively. Factors that

affect exposure to Covid-19 are age, gender, type of vaccine, BMI, vaccine, and de effects with ap-value of

each variable <0.05. There is a relationship between age, gender, type of vaccine, BMI, and side effects of

exposure to Covid-19.

1 INTRODUCTION

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which

emerged at the end of 2019 has become a public health

threat around the world. The primary destination of

infection for SARS- CoV-2 acute respiratory

syndrome is the lower respiratory tract. Recorded in

the Analysis of Covid-19 Indonesia Data on the

Development of Covid-19 Cases Indonesia, among

the 765,350 confirmed cases of Covid-19 in the

update of October 10, 2021, the percentage of patients

confirmed positive for Covid-19 with an age range of

13-15 y is 1.83% while for the age range of 16-18 y by

2.24%. Very far, patients with an age range over 18 y

with a percentage of 13-29,66%(Sutardi and

Ramatillah 2022). There are 3 categories of severity of

Covid-19: Critical Covid-19 [acute respiratory

distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, septic shock, or

patients requiring life support therapy], Severe

Covid-19 [SpO2 <90%, have signs of ARDS and

pneumonia] and Covid-19 is not severe [no sign

criteria] severe or critical(Gee et al. 2020). One way to

prevent diseases caused by the coronavirus is to

increase the immune system or the body's

resistance(Amalia and Hiola 2020).

During the Covid-19 pandemic, several vaccine

platforms have been generated against this virus,

including inactivated whole-virus vaccines, namely

CoronaVac (Sinovac Life Sciences). It is used

particularly in Asia, the Middle East, and South

America. Dermatologic reactions such as erythema,

swelling, and urticaria have been reported. Cutaneous

vascular inflammation, however, has not been

reported from the use of Sinovac (CoronaVac).

Weherein, report 2 cases of CoronaVac-induced

cutaneousvasculitis (Bencharattanaphakhi and

Rerknimitr 2021). The National COVID-19

Vaccination Program details the policies, vaccine

procurement strategies, implementation efforts, and

monitoring necessary tocontain the COVID-19

pandemic at the national level(Chan et al. 2022).

The first vaccine accepts emergency use

Authorization (EUA) from Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) namely an mRNA in lipid

nanoparticles (LNPs), BNT162b2 from Pfizer and

BioNTech, which show 95% vaccine effectiveness.

Vaccine BNT162b2 was developed in less than one

year involving 30,420 volunteers at random to receive

and get an effectiveness vacuole of 94.1%. For

participants, 18 to <65 years old the effectiveness

obtained is 95.6%, and for thoseaged >65 years of

effectiveness was obtained at 86.4%. Pfizer Vaccines-

BioNTech starts to protect the body approx. 10 days

after the first dose, with maximum protection after

dose(Alfatihah, Shafriani, and Irfani 2021). Several

coronaviruses infect humans’ respiratory tracts,

Potoboda, E. and Ramatillah, D.

Exposure Evaluation of the Complete Dosage Sinovac and Pﬁzer COVID-19 Vaccination into Ofﬁce Employees.

DOI: 10.5220/0011977900003582

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar and Call for Paper (ISCP) UTA â

Z45 Jakarta (ISCP UTA’45 Jakarta 2022), pages 165-172

ISBN: 978-989-758-654-5; ISSN: 2828-853X

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

165

causing everything from coughs and colds to more

serious diseases. The symptoms are normally minor

and come gradually, and some infected people may

not display any symptoms at all and yet feel

fine(Ramatillah et al. 2021).

At this time, it is very important to understand the

scientific evidence regarding the extent to which a

previoushistory of COVID-19 infection or a history of

vaccination can prevent further transmission from an

infected individual to others However, currently

available scientificevidence is lacking. Therefore,

researchers want to conduct research on the

Evaluationof Exposure to Covid 19 after

beingvaccinated with the Sinovac and Pfizer vaccine

types to Office Employees.

MATERIAL AND

METHODS

2.1 Design

This research was conducted with a quantitative

approach using a prospective cross-sectional design

study. The data collection technique was carried out

using a survey method using google forms distributed

offline and online to office employees vaccinated

with complete doses of Sinovac and Pfizer vaccines

with a convenience sampling method.

2.2 Participants

Participants in this study were all office workers in

Indonesia aged 18-60 years who had been vaccinated

against Sinovac or Pfizer with a complete dose of 600

respondents.

2.3 Instrument

This study uses a questionnaire distributed through

social media (WhatsApp, Twitter, Facebook,

Instagram, and Telegram). The number of

questionnaires in this study was 67 questions about

waste and comorbidities. The 67 questions were

about the side effects received after the first and

second doses of vaccination in the short and long

term, as well as monitoring the vaccine’s side effects

for 1-6 months after being vaccinated.

2.4 Statistical Analysis

The collected results were analyzed using the

SPSS version 25 application.

Fisher, Chi-square,

Mann-Whitney tests we Chi-square fand and the

relationship between risk factors (sex, age, BMI,

vaccine type) and side effects. A p-value of 0.05

was considered.

2.5 Ethical Approval

As stated in fig 1, ethical approval was obtained before

conducting the study. Ethical approval was sourced from the

health research ethics committee 17 Augustus 1945

JaethicsUcommitty, with an approval letter, No.48/KEPK-

UTA45JKT/EC/EXP/07/2022.

Figure 1: Research Framework

3 RESULT

The number of respondents from this study was 600

respondents who had received two doses of the

Sinovac vaccine and Pfizer vaccine and were included

in the inclusion criteria. Included dentists in this study

received questionnaires through social media such as

Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram.

Figure 2: Participants Based on Gender

Based on pictures 2, out of 600 respondents, 49%

Respondents are female respondents and 51% (305

respondents) were male respondents.

ISCP UTA’45 Jakarta 2022 - International Seminar and Call for Paper Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta

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Table 1. The complicated disease of Sinovac and Pfizer vaccine participants since the 1st dose.

Frequency/Percentage (%)

Variable Sinovac (n=300) Pfize

(n=300)

-value

History of Diabetes 0/0 0/0 0.000

History of Gou

0/0 0/0 0.000

History of Asthma 0/0 0/0 0.000

History of Rheumatic Disease 0/0 0/0 0.000

History of Hear

Disease 0/0 0/0 0.000

*Fisher test, #Chi-square test

Figure 3: Participants exposed to Covid-19.

Based on pictures 3 out of 600 respondents, 21% (127

respondents) have been exposed to Covid-19.

Figure 4: Percentage treated of Covid-19.

Based on picture 4, which is never exposed

489, self- isolation 92, hospital (non-ICU) 19 and

hospital (ICU) 0.

Of the total 600 participants with 300 Sinovac

participants and 300 Pfizer participants each, none

had comorbid diseases as listed in table 1, namely

diabetes, gout, asthma, rheumatism, and heart disease.

The results of the statistical test can be seen from the

P-Value = 0.005, meaning P-Value <0.05 which

indicates that there is a significant relationship

between comorbidity and the condition of the

occurrence of Covid-19 (Sutardi and Ramatillah

2022).

Table 2. Correlation between type of vaccine and exposure

to Covid-19.

Kind of vaccine Exposed to Covid-

19/percenta

e (%)

P value

Sinovac 111/37

Pfizer 16/5.3

Total p-value 0.000

Fisher test, #Chi-square test

As shown in Table 2, those who were most

exposed to Covid-19 were participants who received

the Sinovac vaccine with apercentage of 37% and

Pfizer with 5.3%.

There is a significant difference between age,

BMI, and vaccine type with the results obtained at a

median overall age of 4.3%, anda median BMI of

3.8%. At median age Sinovac 8.7%, median BMI

7.8%, median age Pfizer 8.3%, median BMI 7.2%.

There was signed between the type of vaccine and

the side effects felt by patients after the receipt of dose

1 where the results showed that Pfizer’s vaccine

provided more side effects than Sinovac. As found

that out of 300 respondents who received the Pfizer

vaccine felt the side effects of fever as much as

46.6%, 69% felt pain at the injection site, 14.6% felt

coughing, 8% felt experienced diarrhea, 5% felt

dizziness, and 40.3% felt sleepy after the first dose of

vaccination, while for 300 other respondents who

received the Sinovac vaccine 32.6% felt fever, 60%

felt pain at the injection site, 5.6% felt coughing, 3.3%

felt experienced diarrhea, 1.3% felt dizziness, and

56.6% felt sleepy after the first dose of vaccinations.

Table 1, it is explained office employees who were

exposed to Covid-19 and those who received the

Sinovac vaccine (37%).

Exposure Evaluation of the Complete Dosage Sinovac and Pﬁzer COVID-19 Vaccination into Ofﬁce Employees

167

Table 3. Correlation between age and BMI with the type of vaccine.

Var

Frequency

Percentage

(

)

-va

Overall

(

n=600

)

Sinovac (n=300) Pfize

(

n=300

)

Median Age 25.57/4.3 26.14/8.7 25.00/8.3 0.005

Median BMI 22.64/3.8 23.51/7.8 21.77/7.2 0.003

*Man-Whitney test, #Kruskal Wallis test

Table 4. Correlation between Type of Vaccine and Side Effect Dose 1.

Frequency/Percentage (%)

Sinovac

(n=300)

Pfizer

(n=300)

-value

Variables

Side Effects of Fever After The 1st Vaccination

98/32.6 140/46.6 0.001

Pain In The 1st Vaccination Injection Area

180/60 207/69 0.026

Side Effects of Coughing After The 1st Vaccination

17/5.6 44/14.6 0.028

Experienced Diarrhea After The 1st Vaccination

10/3.3 24/8 0.020

Feeling Dizzy After The 1st Vaccination

4/1.3 15/5 0.017

Feel Sleepy After The 1st Vaccination

170/56.6 121/40.3 0.000

Fisher test, #Chi-square test

Table 5. Correlation between type of vaccine.

Fisher test, #Chi-square test

Side Effect Dose 2

For side effects after vaccination dose 2, 35.3% of

respondents who received Pfizer type vaccination

experienced side effects of fever while for Sinovac

vaccine recipients were 19.3%. another significant

side effect between the two vaccines was 7.6% felt

coughing for Pfizer vaccine recipients and 3% for

Sinovac vaccine recipients, 4.3% experienced

diarrhea for Pfizer vaccine and 0.3% for Sinovac

vaccine and 30% felt sleepy for Pfizer vaccine

recipients, 38% for Sinovac vaccine recipients.

For side effects after vaccination dose 2, 35.3% of

respondents who received Pfizer type vaccination

experienced side effects of fever while for Sinovac

vaccine recipients were 19.3%. another significant

side effect between the two vaccines was 7.6% felt

coughing for Pfizer vaccine recipients and 3% for

Sinovac vaccine recipients, 4.3% experienced

diarrhea for Pfizer vaccine and 0.3% for Sinovac

vaccine and 30% felt sleepy for Pfizer vaccine

repellents, 38% for Sinovac vaccine recipients.

Frequency/Percentage (%)

Variables Sinovac (n=300) Pfizer (n=300) p-value

Side Effects of Fever After The 2nd Vaccination 58/19.3 106/35.3 0.000

Side Effects of Coughing After The 2nd Vaccination 9/3 23/7.6 0.024

Experienced Diarrhea After The 1st Vaccination 1/0.3 13/4.3 0.002

Feel Sleepy After The 2nd Vaccination 114/38 90/30 0.047

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Table 6. Correlation between Type of Vaccine and Efficacy of the Vaccine Dose 1.

Variables Frequency/Percentage (%) p-value

Sinovac (n=300) Pfizer (n=300)

Loss of Loss and Taste after the 1st Vaccination

15/5 7/2.3 0.012

Experience

Cough an

Sore Throa

Afte

the 1s

Vaccination

28/9.3 37/12.3 0.002

Experienced Diarrhea After The 1st Vaccination

7/2.3 11/3.6 0.004

Having Head Pain After The 1st Vaccination

55/18.3 62/20.6 0.000

*Fisher test, #Chi-square test

Table 7. Correlation between type of vaccine and efficacy of the vaccine dose 2.

Variables Frequency/Percentage (%) p-value

Sinovac (n=300) Pfizer (n=300)

Experienced Cough and Sore Throa

Afte

the 2nd

Vaccination

11/3.6 30/10 0.003

Experienced Diarrhea After The 2nd Vaccination 4/1.3 12/4 0.000

Having Head Pain After The 2nd Vaccination 31/10.3 49/16.3 0.041

Experienced Fever After The 2nd Vaccination 31/10.3 75/25 0.000

*Fisher test, #Chi-square test

Based on table 7 above, the efficacy of the second

dose of the vaccine found significant results >0.05.

For coughs and sore throats, the p-value is 0.003, for

those who have diarrhea the p-value is 0.000, for

those who feel headache, the p-value is 0.041, and for

those who feel fever, the p-value is 0.000.

Table 8. Monitoring of side effects and efficacy after several months of vaccination.

Frequency/Percentage (%)

Variables Sinovac (n=300) Pfizer (n=300) p-value

Have been exposed to Covid-19 1-3 months after

Vaccination

5/1.7 22/7.3 0.001

Have been exposed to Covid-19 4-6 months after

Vaccination

29/9.7 13/4.3 0.015

Feel easy fatigue 1-3 months after vaccination 23/7.7 41/13.7 0.024

Feel easy fatigue 4-6 months after vaccination 3/1 8/2.7 0.222

Feel pain in arm 1-3 months after vaccination 7/2.3 0/0 0.015

Feel pain in arm 4-6 months after vaccination 2/0.7 0/0 0.000

Bleeding 1-3 months after vaccination 2/0.7 1/0.3 0.001

Experienced heart disorder 1-3 months after vaccination 6/2 0/0 0.030

Experienced heart disorder 4-6 months after vaccination 16/5.3 0/0 0.000

Cholesterol levels increase 4-6 months after vaccination 13/4.3 4/1.3 0.046

*Fisher test, #Chi-square test

Exposure Evaluation of the Complete Dosage Sinovac and Pﬁzer COVID-19 Vaccination into Ofﬁce Employees

169

Based on table 8, on monitoring side effects and

vaccine efficacy after a complete dose of vaccine, 1

insignificant result was found with a p-value of 0.222.

The rest obtained significant results with a p-value>

0.05.

4 DISCUSSION

In this study, more than half of the respondents were

male (51%) compared to female (49%). Gender has an

impact on acceptance status, attitudes, and overall

vaccination outcomes. Women are less likely to

receive vaccines, but after vaccination women tend to

develop a more durable protective antibody response

when compared to men. However, women are also

more likely to experience side effects from

vaccines(Arumsari, Desty, and Kusumo 2021).

An alternative explanation is that vaccination

causes an increased risk of COVID-19, as well as in

other clinical and real-world trials. Another

explanation that some aspects of the vaccination event

increase the risk of infection may be, for example,

through exposure to others during the vaccination

event or while traveling from the vaccination site.

However, the increase occurred three days,before

the typical incubation period of Covid-19(Bernal

et al. 2021). Most of the currently published papers

evaluate COVID-19 patients based on their severity

and complications(Ramatillah et al. 2022).

Age has an impact on vaccine side effects. The

study's findings also revealed that 17-year-olds were

the most affected by the side effects of the vaccine.

However, the findings of this study differ from a

study in Malaysia of vaccine recipients aged 18-60

years, which found that the younger age group (18–

30) was 7.4 times more likely to experience vaccine-

related side effects(Elnaem et al. 2021). This is most

likely due to the immune system of younger people

being stronger and more efficient than older

people(Sutardi and Ramatillah 2022). Vaccine

recipients with a BMI of less than 25 have a higher risk

of experiencing side effects from the covid vaccine.

The p-value, which is less than 0.05, indicates this.

According to a study conducted in Iran, the occurrence

of side effects was higher in people with a BMI

over 25.

Headaches and flu-like symptoms, on the other

hand, were more common in people with a low

BMI(Zare et al. 2021).

From this study is known that there are 489

participants who have never been exposed to Covid-

19, 92 participantswho have mild symptoms (Self-

isolation), and 19 participants who have moderate

symptoms and no severe symptoms. For patients with

mild severity, the government is recommended to do

self-isolation at home, for the severity level being

treated in hospital (non-ICU) and for severe severity

treatment in the hospital (ICU)(Patel 2019).

The results of this study indicate that the Pfizer

vaccine provides more side effects than the Sinovac

vaccine. This is supported by the p-value of several

variables showing the number> 0.005, some of the

side effects reported to be significant are: fever,

dizziness, pain in the upper arm, cough, feeling

drowsy, and diarrhea. This is because the Sinovac

vaccine is an inactivated vaccine, while the Pfizer

vaccine is a nucleic acid and viral vector vaccine. As

a result, variations in the severity and pattern of

adverse events may be ascribed to the type of

vaccine(Cava, Bertoli, and Castiglioni 2020). The

side effects of vaccines are something that must be

taken into account. Common effects experienced by

some people after getting the vaccine include pain,

redness or swelling at the injection site, fatigue,

headache, muscle aches, chills, fever, and nausea. In

fact, these are normal signs that the body is building

up protection against COVID-19(Patel et al. 2021).

The results of this study stated that in the second

dose of vaccination, Pfizer vaccine gave more side

effects than Sinovac vaccine. This is supported by the

p-value of several variables showing the number>

0.005, BNT162b2 shows the percentage of protection

95% Cl, 90.3-97.6) with safety problems indicated by

temporary pain on injection, fever, headache which is

assessed as a reaction. normal locale. Less than 1%

experience severe pain at the injection site. This

vaccine is considered safe for the prevention of Covid-

19 infection and the antibodies last for 2 months.

The reported side effects were mainly fever and

headache (59% and 52% respectively)(Halim 2021).

Side effects tend to be more pronounced with the

second dose, especially those who receive the Pfizer-

BioNTech vaccine. These findings can be explored

further in the context of pre-treatment of the vaccine

to reduce the severity of side effects and those who

received the Sinovac vaccine were less likely to

experience side effects(Elnaem et al. 2021).

From the results of research on Indonesian office

employees aged 18-60 years who received Pfizer and

Sinovac vaccines, it was found that Pfizer vaccine

efficacy was higher than Sinovac vaccine. This is

because the method for Pfizer has utilized lipid

nanoparticles (LNPs) with formulated mRNA

vaccines(Mascellino et al. 2021). The mRNA-based

BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer vaccine) has

demonstrated 95% efficacy in preventing COVID-19

in a phase III randomized placebo-controlled trial,

ISCP UTA’45 Jakarta 2022 - International Seminar and Call for Paper Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta

170

with early protection from disease proven already 12

days after the first dose(Cc-by-nc 2021).

The efficacy of the second dose of vaccination

was found, Pfizer vaccine was higher than the

Sinovac vaccine with cough, diarrhea, head pain, and

fever obtained. This is because the method for Pfizer

has utilized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) with

formulated mRNA vaccines(Mascellino et al. 2021).

Monitoring of side effects and vaccine efficacy

has been carried out within a period of 1-3 months and

4-6 months after being vaccinated. monitoring results

show a p-value >

0.005 which means significant. The Sinovac and

Pfizer vaccines are among the most notable

achievements in the development of next-generation

vaccines that demonstrate a significant role in meeting

the growing demand for global vaccines. Both

vaccines consist of lipid nanoparticles showing 95%

efficacy(Simnani, Singh, and Kaur 2022).

5 CONCLUSION

This study found that side effects were significantly

correlated, indicating that the Pfizer vaccine had more

side effects than the Sinovac vaccine. Side effects are

fever, dizziness, pain at the injection site, feeling

drowsy, coughing and diarrhea. For exposure to

Covid-19, it was found that there were 127 exposed,

with Sinovac 111 and Pfizer 16 respectively.

Variables affecting exposure to Covid-19 were age,

gender, type of vaccine, BMI and side effects.

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