Design and Constuction of Sea Water Treatment Equipment with

Filterization Process

Andi Saidah and Bagus Budiantoro

University 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta,

Jl. Sunter Permai Raya No. 1 Sunter Agung, Kec. Tj. Priok, North Jkt City, Special 14350, Indonesia

Keywords: Purifying, Sea Water, Fresh Water, Filter

Abstract: The use of membranes is the most well-known method of water purification. Membrane filtration is a method

used to purify water from a salty source, such as the ocean, so that it can be used in household settings. The

filtration procedure uses a semipermeable membrane that can bind and accommodate the salt content of the

water. Another method is a filration method based on reserve Osmosis membrane technology. In the Reverse

osmosis process, raw water with a high concentration of pollutants is transferred to a reservoir with much

purer water.the water under high pressure raw water then passes through a semipermeable membrane to filter

out the pollutants present in the seawater. From the result of the study, before filtering seawater TDS of 1735

mg/liter and after filtering the TDS sediment (dissolved Solids) producec about 77 mg/liter is still smaller

than the standard water standard of 1000mg/liter, before filtering the water smells and tastes salty, and after

filtering the smell, the taste is in accordance with the water standard, which is odourless and tasteless, the

water capacity produced after filtering, starting from the first test to the fourth test, was the largest in the

fourth tests, which was 11,4 liter/minute.

1 INTRODUCTION

Clean water is water that is safe for human

consumption because it has been purified from all

disease-causing microorganisms and chemical

pollutants. There is growing evidence that the global

population is growing every year. The availability of

water, especially fresh, potable water, is threatened

by human activities (Sonny,2021).

Humans have developed very complex water

purification technologies to meet the demand for

drinking water. The use of membranes is the most

well-known method of water purification. Membrane

filtration is a method used to purify water from a salty

source, such as the ocean, so that it can be used in

household settings. The filtration procedure involves

passing seawater through a semipermeable

membrane that can bind and retain the salt content of

the water (Camila,2019)

Therefore, a good building is a building that has

sufficient lighting in each room so that it can increase

maximum work results, As for providing services on

reflexology, it is not only with massage skills,

However, lighting is also beneficial in adding a sense

of calm to consumers, therefore in the field of

reflexology service providers require lighting that is

neither too bright nor too dark (Camila,2019)

Based on the above problems, we plan to research

the feasibility of converting salt water into drinking

water through a filtration method based on Reserve

Osmosis membrane technology. In the Reverse

Osmosis process, raw water with a high concentration

of pollutants is transferred to a reservoir with much

purer water. an additional method is to use a

semipermeable membrane to filter out water-soluble

pollutants. Here it refers to the regulation on drinking

water quality as regulated in Regulation no.

492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010 issued by the Minister of

Health of the Republic of Indonesia.

2 LIBRARY REVIEW

The presence of salt in seawater is the main

distinguishing feature between seawater and fresh

water. All the mineral salts in the earth's rocks and

soil contribute to the saltiness of the oceans. Such as

sodium, potassium, calcium, and so on. Salt is carried

with water from rivers to the sea. Salt in the rocks can

288

Saidah, A. and Budiantoro, B.

Design and Constuction of Sea Water Treatment Equipment with Filterization Process.

DOI: 10.5220/0011980000003582

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar and Call for Paper (ISCP) UTA â

Z45 Jakarta (ISCP UTA’45 Jakarta 2022), pages 288-292

ISBN: 978-989-758-654-5; ISSN: 2828-853X

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

also be created when ocean waves hit the beach. Salt

builds up in seawater over time because salt naturally

exists in the ocean. Salt water weighs much more than

fresh water (Harahap et al.,2018).

Filtration is the removal of suspended and colloidal

fine particles from a liquid (liquid or gas) by passing

the liquid through a porous medium or other porous

material. Filtration is a common method for removing

contaminants (particles) from water during the

purification process. As a result, water collects on the

surface of the filter and in the channels that flow

through the depths of the medium as it seeps and

seeps through it. Filtering out microbes, viruses and

soil colloids, among others, is a breeze thanks to the

filter's adjustable micron settings (Camila,2019).

In filtration, particles suspended in a liquid are

removed. Screening can be an initial step in a process

(primary treatment) or a step in a series of processes

(such as a filter in a chain starting with coagulation,

for example) (Henri,2018).

Table 1: Standard Content of Dissolved Solids in Water.

TDS

content(mg/L or ppn)

Assessment of

water

Less than 300 Very goo

300-600 Fine

600-900 drinkable

900-1200 Poor (branckish taste)

over 1200 Dangerous (too salty)

In the table above, the standard water content that is

suitable for household use is from 600-900 TDS and

that is not suitable for households, which is from

900 to more than 1200 TDS.

Nanofiltrasi

Nanofiltration Membrane Specification

a. Membrane used: composite membrane

b. Thickness : sublayer = 150 m, toplayer = 1 m

c. Pore size : < 2 m

d. Driving force : pressure (10 – 25 bar)

e. Separation principle: solution-diffusion

f. Membrane material: polyamide (interfacial

polymerization).

Figure 1. Process of Nanofiltration

Reverse Osmosis Membrane Specification

a. Membrane used: asymmetric or composite

membrane

b. Thickness: sublayer: 150 m, toplayer: 1 m

c. Temperature: 400C

d. Pore size: < 2 m

e. Driving force: pressure, brackish water: 15 – 25

bar, sea water: 40 – 80 bar

f. Separation principle: solution-diffusion

g. Membrane materials: cellulose triacetate, aromatic

polyamide, and polyamide.

Figure 2. Reserve Osmosis Membrane Structure

Design and Constuction of Sea Water Treatment Equipment with Filterization Process

289

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Tool Design

Figure 3: Tool Design.

3.2 Sea Water Filter Fabrication

Process

Figure 4: Sea Water filter Fabrication Process

3.3 Assembly Process

Figure 5: Assembly Process.

3.4 Testing the Water Content of the

TDS Tool

Figure 6: Testing the water content of the TDS tool.

3.5 Testing with PH Meter

Figure 7: The results of the first test of water content.

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

From the results of the design and testing of the

filtering tool, the following conclusions can be

drawn:

1. After designing and testing, the pump

specifications and frame materials used for

filtering seawater into fresh water are obtained

with the following specifications:

• Pump power = 250 Watt

• Pump capacity = 28 liters per minute = 0.467

liters/sec

• Frame material = hollow iron

• Pipe material = PVC

2. Before filtering the TDS of seawater was 1735

mg/liter and after filtering the sediment TDS

(Total DissolvedSolids) produced was around

77 mg/liter which was still smaller than the

standard water standard of 1000mg/liter.

3. Before filtering the water smells and tastes

salty, and after filtering the smell, the taste is in

1.Reservoir

2.Pump 1

3.Pipe

4.Kontrol tekanan low

5.Low presure switch

6.Selenoid

7.Panel

8.Filter 1

9.Filter 2

10.Filter 3

11.Pump

12. Control tekanan higt

13. Hight presure switch

14. Membrane

15. Dirty water reservoir

16. Karbon 1

17. Karbon 2

18. Karbon 3

19. Clean water reservoir

ISCP UTA’45 Jakarta 2022 - International Seminar and Call for Paper Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta

290

accordance with the water standard, which is

odorless and tasteless.

4. The water capacity produced after filtering,

starting from the first test to the fourth test, was

the largest in the fourth test, which was 11.4

liters/minute.

4.1 TDS Test

Total dissolved solids (TDS) meter is used to measure

the amount of matter that has been dissolved in a

certain volume of water. Hydroponic plant nutrient

solutions are not the only tool used to measure; it also

checks the total dissolved particles in water for

human consumption. The following diagram displays

the results of this test using the TDS instrument:

Table 2: Comparison of the analysis of the characteristics

of seawater with seawater that has been filtered

Parameter

Physical

Color

Smell

Water (Before

filtered)

Yellowish

Stench

Water Filter

Whiter and

cleaner

No fishy smell

Test I (TDS)

1735 442

Test II (TDS)

1735 424

Test III (TDS)

1735 412

4.2 Testing with PH Meter

PH is a term that is widely used in chemistry, biology,

and agronomy. PH level is usually used as a measure

of the acidity or alkalinity of water. PH is a scale that

can help determine how acidic or basic an aqueous

solution is. The test results obtained from the PH

meter can be seen in the following table

Table 3: Comparison of the analysis of the characteristics

of seawater with seawater that has been filtered.

Parameter

Physical

Color

Smell

Water (Before

filtered)

Yellowish White

Stench

Water Filter

Whiter and

cleaner

No fishy smell

Test I (PH) 77 76

Test II (PH) 77 73

Test III (PH) 77 67

4.3 Testing the Water Content by

Physical Color and Taste

In the process of testing the seawater filtering tool,

that is, the water produced by filtered seawater is

clear white in color the same as the color in drinking

water. While the resulting taste is no taste (bland). It

can be assumed that the filtered water is included in

the category of fresh water. The physical results of

fresh water from filerization can be proven by the

following fresh water photos:

4.4 Results of Filtering Test with

Water Standards

Comparison after testing with a filtering tool there are

differences ranging from TDS (Total Dissolved

Solid), PH (potential Hydrogen), color and taste,

namely the color and taste before being filtered there

is a yellowish white color and tastes salty, after

filtering it looks white clear, and taste bland.

Table 4: Table of filtering test results with water standards.

Parameter

(TDS,

Taste,Odor), PH

Test Results

(TDS, Taste,

Odor)

Maximum

(TDS, Taste,

Smell)

Total dissolved

solids (TDS)

77mg/L 1000mg/L

Taste No taste No taste

Smell No smell No smell

Temperature 2,7

C 3

PH 6,7 7,7

Table 5: Table of filtering test results with water standards.

Tank

volume (L)

Charging

time (t)

water

capacity (L/s)

Capacity

(L/min)

19 137 0,14 8,4

19 120 0,16 9,6

19 112 0,17 10,2

19 102 0,19 11,4

5 CONCLUSIONS

From the results of the design and testing of the

filtering tool, the following conclusions can be drawn

After designing and testing, the pump specifications

and frame materials used for filtering seawater into

fresh water are obtained with the following

specifications: Pump power = 250 WattPump capacity

= 28 liters per minute = 0.467 liters/ secFrame material

= hollow ironPipe material = PVC, Before filtering the

TDS of seawater was 1735 mg/liter and after filtering

the sediment TDS (Total DissolvedSolids) produced

Design and Constuction of Sea Water Treatment Equipment with Filterization Process

291

was around 77 mg/liter which was still smaller than

the standard water standard of 1000mg/liter. Before

filtering the water smells and tastes salty, and after

filtering the smell, the taste is in accordance with the

water standard, which is odorless and tasteless. The

water capacity produced after filtering, starting from

the first test to the fourth test, was the largest in the

fourth test, which was 11.4 liters/minute.

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