Research on Sustainable Development of Reservoir Resettlement

in the Background of Rural Revitalization:

Based on the Survey Data of Ji'an

Jun Yin

, Yiming Sun

and Liwen Zhang

School of Management, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun, Jilin Province, China

Keywords: Rural Revitalization, Reservoir Resettlement, Later Support, Sustainable Development, Ji'an City.

Abstract: Implement the strategy of rural revitalization, adhere to the overall goal of agricultural and rural

modernization, and adhere to the general policy of giving priority to agricultural and rural development.

During the implementation of the late support policy for reservoir resettlement, the development strategy of

national rural revitalization was fully considered, focusing on improving the infrastructure construction of the

resettlement village, innovative industrial integration, improving the living environment, and promoting the

income increase of the migrants. In combination with the development of the late support work for reservoir

resettlement in Ji'an City, this paper analysed the main factors affecting the well-being of the migrants, and

explored the path to promote the healthy development of reservoir resettlement. It provides reference ideas

for reservoir resettlement under the background of rural revitalization.

1 INTRODUCTION

On May 17, 2006, the State Council issued "Opinions

on Improving the Post-Relocation Support Policy for

Large and Medium-Sized Reservoirs", which further

clarified the scope, objectives and standards of post-

relocation support for reservoirs, and standardized

the methods of post-stage support. and implemented

the source of support funds in the later stage, which

has played an important role in accelerating the

resolution of the outstanding problems in the

production and life of the reservoir resettlement,

helping the reservoir resettlement get rid of poverty

and becoming rich, promoting the economic and

social development of the reservoir area and

resettlement area, and ensuring the healthy

development of water conservancy and hydropower.

Remarkable results have been achieved. Since the

19th National Congress of the Communist Party of

China, the country has proposed the implementation

of rural revitalization from a strategic height. The

implementation of the rural revitalization strategy

runs through the development of the entire socialist

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modernized country, and also promotes the

realization of the "two centenary" goals. Therefore,

the requirements of the national rural revitalization

strategy should be fully considered in the process of

supporting and implementing the late-stage

resettlement of the reservoir, focusing on the

development of the resettlement industry, the

improvement of infrastructure, the improvement of

the living environment, and the increase of

resettlement income to innovate the late-stage

support and development model of resettlement, and

help the resettlement of the reservoir area (Chen

2020, Diao 2021). This paper focuses on the

development of the post-immigration support work in

Ji'an City, combined with the requirements of

implementing the rural revitalization strategy, puts

forward the ideas and measures for the post-

immigration support and development, and puts

forward suggestions from the aspects of resettlement

policy, management system and financial guarantee.

Increase the intensity of post-immigration support

and innovate the way of post-immigration support to

promote the rural revitalization of immigrants in the

492

Yin, J., Sun, Y. and Zhang, L.

Research on Sustainable Development of Reservoir Resettlement in the Background of Rural Revitalization: Based on the Survey Data of Ji’an.

DOI: 10.5220/0012035500003620

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Economic Management and Model Engineering (ICEMME 2022), pages 492-497

ISBN: 978-989-758-636-1

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

reservoir area. Promote the common prosperity and

development of immigrants and farmers, and

promote the integration of rural industries and urban-

rural integration.

2 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY

AREA AND DATA SOURCES

2.1 Overview of the Study Area

Jian City is a county-level city affiliated to Tonghua

City, Jilin Province. It is located in the southeast of

Jilin Province. There are 5 large and medium-sized

reservoirs in Ji'an City that are included in the scope

of later support, including 1 large-scale reservoir and

4 medium-sized reservoirs. As of 2021, 69,772

immigrants will be included in the scope of later

support, and immigrants will be distributed in 15

townships (towns) and 127 administrative villages;

the city's total population is 207,000, of which 89,000

are non-agricultural and 118,000 are agricultural. The

immigrant population is about 70,000. Since the

implementation of the resettlement policy, the city's

resettlement housing conditions and living

environment have been significantly improved.

Taking into account the types of resettlement villages

in Ji'an City, the progress of relocation

implementation and other factors, three typical

resettlement villages, namely Dahuang Village,

Jianjiang Village and Jiangkou Village, were selected

to carry out empirical research.

2.2 Data Sources

The data used in this paper comes from the

resettlement survey data of large and medium-sized

reservoirs in Ji'an City, focusing on the living and

production capacity of local immigrants, to better

understanding of the status quo of migrant society

and to understand the profound impact of

resettlement relocation on farmers' well-being, and

then the reservoir resettlement support in the later

stage Research on sustainable development

strategies. The survey adopted a combination of

questionnaire survey and symposium interview. A

total of 125 questionnaires were distributed, the

questionnaire recovery rate was 100%, and the

questionnaire was 96 percent effective. Among the

survey respondents, the youngest was 32 years old,

the oldest was 88 years old, and the average age was

60 years old. Among them, immigrants aged 45-60

accounted for more than 95%. The respondents were

mainly middle-aged and elderly people with males

accounting for 51.1% and females for 48.9%. The

proportion of male and female respondents is

relatively balanced, and they are all agricultural

hukou. The respondents have a low education level,

98% are primary school and below, and 2% are junior

high school and above. Semi- structured interview is

adopted to obtain relevant information in the village

in the form of small seminars with village cadres and

residents of the Immigration Bureau, and to extract

data again through field observation, in-depth

interviews with insiders, data analysis and other

methods.

Table 1: Characteristics of valid questionnaire samples.

Variable Options

Number of

Proportion (%)

Gender

Male 246 51.2

Female 234 48.8

Household Registered agriculture 480 100

Age

20-44 years old 41 8.6

45-65 years 346 72

66 years and over 93 19.4

Education level

Primary school and below 459 95.6

Junior high school 10 2

Senior high school 7 1.4

College 3 0.6

Bachelor degree or above 2 0.4

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3 RESEARCH METHODS

3.1 Measurement Model

Immigrant well-being is the basic material needs,

health, social relationships, security and freedom of

choice and movement to maintain a high quality of

life. Amartya Sen pointed out that well-being consists

of a set of feasible capabilities, which reflects the

combination of functional activities that an individual

possesses, can achieve, and can freely choose. The

connotation of well-being has multiple attributes such

as complexity, multi-dimensionality, and hierarchy.

It is a complex task to generally discuss the groups of

factors that affect well-being, and the evaluation

model needs to take into account the multi-

dimensional indicators (Walter 2016). Ordinary

econometric simultaneous equation models can only

deal with complex relationships between measurable

variables, while structural equation models (SEM)

can not only deal with the mutual causal connections

between measurable variables, but also use factor

analysis to construct multiple "" Latent Variables”,

and discusses the complex relationship between

latent variables or between latent variables and

measurable variables (observed variables), this model

provides measurement possibilities for variables that

are highly abstract and difficult to measure (Li 2018,

Hu 2020). In view of this, this paper chooses

structural equation modelling as the research method

to explore the complex factors affecting the well-

being of immigrants.

Structural equation model consists of two parts:

measurement model and structural model. The

measurement model is used to describe the

relationship between latent variables and observed

variables, and the structural model is used to describe

the relationship between latent variables and consider

the influence of variation and error terms.

The measurement structure model is expressed as:

X=Λ

ζ+δ

Y=Λ

η+ε

In the formula, X and Y are exogenous explicit

variables and endogenous explicit variables,

respectively;

δandεare the error terms of X and Y

variables, respectively;

ζare external latent variables;

ηare internal latent variables; Λ

factor loadings

for

ζpairs of X variables; Λ

actor loadings forη pairs

of Y variables.

Structural models can describe the relationship

between latent variables and can take into account the

effects of variation and error terms. The matrix

equation for the structural model is expressed as:

η=βη+Γξ+ζ

In the formula,

η is the internal latent variable; ξ

is the external latent variable; ζ is the residual of the

internal latent variable;

β is the structure coefficient

matrix between the internal latent variables;

Γ is the

structure between the external latent variable and the

internal latent variable coefficient matrix.

3.2 Selection of Indicators

As involuntary resettlement of large and medium-

sized reservoirs, they face social remodelling and

other problems after relocation. The resettles in the

new environment are vulnerable to new economic

and social risks, which further lead to psychological

risks. The government plays an important role in the

involuntary resettlement process, and the government

and government policies have always had a major

impact on the well-being of immigrants. At the same

time. The selected indicators refer to the monitoring

and evaluation index system for the late support of

large and medium-sized reservoir migration

published in the Notice on Strengthening the

Supervision and Inspection of the Implementation of

the Late Support Policies for Reservoir Migration

published by the Ministry of Water Resources,

including the release of funds, project

implementation, the guarantee system for the

implementation of the late support policies, and the

implementation effect of the late support (Li 2017).

Therefore, the selection of immigrant well-being

indicators needs to consider various factors such as

policy, economy, society, health, family,

environment, psychology, and external well-being.

Based on the perspective of sustainable development,

this study selects a number of indicators that can

reflect the functional areas of immigrant life, and

characterizes the influencing factors of immigrant

well-being in multiple levels and dimensions.

(1) Post-support policies: including fund

distribution, project implementation, guarantee

system for post-support policy implementation, and

post-support policy implementation effects.

(2) Economic and living standards: including

income, consumption, housing, cultivated land,

education, medical care, transportation, drinking

water. There are seven objective indicators were

selected: annual net income, annual total expenditure,

per capita housing area, per capita arable land area,

education level, toilet type and cooking energy use

mode of the interviewed immigrant households; at the

same time, 4 subjective indicators of satisfaction with

education, medical care, transportation and drinking

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water are considered. The subjective and objective

indicators of the road better fit the actual living

standard of immigrant families, so as to effectively

characterize their well-being.

(3) Health level: Evaluate the health level of

immigrants in terms of physical health and happiness,

pay attention to whether there are sick people

(especially those with chronic diseases or serious

diseases) in the family, and whether there are disabled

members or members who are unable to work for

other reasons. The villagers' subjective evaluation of

the family's health status provides basic information

on the health status (Xu 2019). In addition, focus on

the improvement of the mood of the immigrants after

the relocation, and reflect the implementation of the

immigration policy.

(4) Social adaptation: In order to reflect the

adaptability of the relocated farmers to the relocated

land to the greatest extent, the social and

psychological changes caused by the resettlement

were observed from the degree of adaptation after the

relocation and the perception of the village's status.

(5) Cultural environment: Culture and

environment have an important impact on the well-

being of immigrants. Therefore, the villagers'

participation in leisure activities and whether they

participate in related leisure activities were

investigated, and the overall environmental

satisfaction of the village was investigated.

(6) Social connection: Analysis the status quo of

social connections among farmers’ families from

three aspects: interpersonal network, social trust and

social relations. For this reason, “satisfaction with

village cadres” and “village relations” are selected as

subjective cognitions for analysis.

Table 2: Factor values of migrant welfare.

Potential

variables

Observed variables

and definitions

Symbol Factor values

Production

and living

standards

(η

)

Per capita housing rea

Per capita cultivated land area

0.864

0.592

Household consumption expenditure

Household ownership of durable consumer

goods

Satisfaction degree of drinking water

0.845

0.570

0.764

Health level

(η

)

Physical health status

Number of long-term illnesses in families

0.804

0.793

Realization of

life(η

)

Life adaptability

Happiness perception

0.849

0.836

Olicy conditions

(ζ)

Satisfaction degree of direct subsidy

distribution

Satisfaction with infrastructure and

community services

Satisfaction with social integration

0.870

0.746

0.634

This research is based on literature review, related

theoretical research and resettlement situation. In

order to reveal the relationship between the

influencing factors of ecological resettlement

welfare, and to explain the effect strength and

direction of each influencing factor on resettles' well-

being, according to the "hypothesis-model

verification-result analysis" to carry out the research,

and hereby put forward the following hypotheses:

Hypothesis 1: Production and living standards,

external well-being and psychological well-being all

have an impact on the level of relocated migrants'

well-being.

Hypothesis 2: The health level, social adaptation,

cultural environment, and social connection of

relocated families have a positive impact on their

overall well-being to varying degrees.

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Hypothesis 3: The well-being of relocated people

is significantly affected by economic living

standards, health levels and social adaptation.

Hypothesis 4: Policy conditions not only directly

affect the well-being of immigrants, but also affect

the well-being of immigrants by affecting the

economic level, health level and other endogenous

latent variables.

Table 3: Test of overall fitting of the model.

Statistic CMIN df P CMIN/df

Model

indicators

217.33 128 0.00 1.69

4 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

From the perspective of farmers' well-being, external

well-being has the greatest impact on farmers' well-

being. Among them, the regression coefficients of

social connection and cultural environment are 0.38

and 0.11, respectively. It can be seen that the urgent

need of farmers after relocation is to improve the

external environment to maintain the existing level of

well-being. In terms of psychological well-being,

post-support policies and social adaptation were 0.09

and 0.13, respectively. Compared with external well-

being and psychological well-being, the impact of

family well-being is slightly less obvious, the health

level is 0.21, and the two aspects of living standard

and safety have no significant impact on the

improvement of well-being. This shows that

Hypothesis 1 is not fully established.

The level of well-being is hierarchical and

complex. Family well-being, external well-being and

psychological well-being represent the rich

connotation of farmers' well-being from well-being

construction, well-being maintenance and well-being

enhancement. The research shows that the ecological

migrant well-being of Ji'an selected this time presents

the following: Features:

(1) Farmers' well-being is mainly affected by

external well-being, and family well-being and

psychological well-being have a significant impact

on farmers' well-being. The impact at the physical

level is comparable, but the impact at the level of

family well-being is relatively weak.

(2) From the perspective of multiple life

functions, the well-being of farmers is most affected

by social connections. However, the role of security

in improving well-being is not obvious.

(3) Social connection not only directly affects

farmers’ well-being, but also affects the living

standards, health and well-being of households and

safety, indirectly affecting the well-being of farmers.

(4) Fair rights are realized by affecting the social

adaptation and life of farmers, and also indirectly

affect farmers' well-being.

5 CONCLUSION AND

DISCUSSION

From the perspective of subjective perception, this

study constructs a multi-dimensional well-being

index system for immigrants, and uses the SEM

model to measure the complex influencing factors of

immigrants' well-being. The study found that: (1)

Immigrant well-being is jointly affected by multi-

dimensional factors, and social connection and health

level have the most significant impact on the well-

being of immigrants (Ma 2019). Among them, the

impact of the living environment on the well-being of

immigrants is weak, while the direct effect of social

security and policy conditions on the psychological

well-being of immigrants is not significant. (2)

Although the direct impact of policy conditions on

the well-being of immigrants is not significant, it has

an indirect impact on the well-being of immigrants

through significant effects on the living environment,

health level and social security. It is worth noting that

the effect of policy conditions on the economic level

is not significant, and the government needs to

increase the implementation of employment training

work. (3) The health level not only has a direct impact

on the well-being of immigrants, but also has an

indirect impact on the well-being of immigrants

through a significant impact on the economic level.

To promote the sustainable development of

migrants in the reservoir area, it is necessary to take

into account the economic level, health level, living

environment and other dimensions, and pay attention

to the connection between policy implementation and

the psychological well-being of migrants, and

improve the psychological well-being of migrants

through key guarantees and all-round support of

government policies. Therefore, the following

specific measures are proposed:

(1) Actively explore the path of "industrial

ecologicalization and ecological industrialization",

cultivate and build a modern ecological industrial

system in the reservoir area, comprehensively and

deeply promote the high-quality green development

of the entire reservoir area, and lay an industrial and

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economic foundation for the sustainable development

of the reservoir area.

(2) Intensify employment training, provide

immigrants with convenient services such as

information acquisition channels and employment

guides, focus on cultivating immigrant employment

skills and entrepreneurial skills, and aim to improve

immigrant vocational skills and adaptability to

occupational changes, and play the role of

government organizations, to realize the effective

connection between migrant employment training

needs and training resources.

(3) Continue to improve the social security system

and establish a social security system covering both

urban and rural residents. The first is to improve the

old-age insurance system and build a multi-level old-

age insurance system including personal savings old-

age insurance and commercial insurance; the second

is to improve the medical insurance system, improve

the new rural basic medical care, and establish a

health path and welfare system for immigrants

focusing on preventive health care. , to encourage the

development of supplementary medical insurance,

accidental injury insurance for the elderly, etc.

To promote the sustainable development of

reservoir resettlement in Ji'an City, different

strategies should be adopted according to existing

projects and new projects. For the existing projects,

adopt the development plan of promoting the

integration of immigrants, and optimize the

construction method by gathering the population; at

the same time, strengthen the overall planning of

regional construction, and accelerate the construction

of an urban and rural spatial pattern of coordinated

development between the reservoir area and the

surrounding areas. For new projects, we will actively

promote the integration of various policies, explore

the benefit-sharing mechanism of immigrants,

promote the continuous increase of income of

immigrants, strengthen the interaction and integration

between immigrants and aborigines, and achieve zero

growth of immigrants in new projects. The integrated

development of innovative industries promotes the

innovative development of industries in the reservoir

area; attracts young labor to return to the village for

development, and creates channels for immigrants to

increase their income; guarantees the living and

medical standards of elderly immigrants.

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