Performance Evaluation of Rotary Dryer for Drying of Ginger

I Ketut Suherman, S. Sudirman, Achmad Wibolo, I Wayan Suma Wibawa and

I Made Anom Adiaksa

Politeknik Negeri Bali, Kampus Bukit, Jimbaran, Bali, Indonesia

Keywords: Rotary Dryer, Moisture, Control System.

Abstract: Drying is a suitable alternative for post-harvest management, especially in countries such as Indonesia, which

have poor distribution and post-harvest handling facilities. More than 20% of spoiled or spoiled crop yields

are preserved by drying to increase shelf life. This is the oldest and most effective method of lowering

moisture content to slow down spoilage by microorganisms. This research will make a special drying machine

to dry ginger. Where the type of drying machine is rotary drying type. The design of the machine to be

designed, emphasizes more on the control system and the time it will take to dry fresh ginger. The

experimental results show that this machine with a drying time of 5 hours with 1 kg of fresh ginger produces

an average of 0.19 kg of dry ginger. with a water content of 9.68%.

1 INTRODUCTION

Indonesia is known as an agricultural country because

most of the Indonesian population has a livelihood in

agriculture or farming. Various types of plants are

produced by Indonesian farmers. One of the most

abundant in Indonesia are medicinal plants, including

ginger. Commodities belonging to the plantation sub-

sector that have good development prospects are

ginger (Zingiber Offilcinale). Data from the Ministry

of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia shows that

ginger export volume has increased from year to year.

During the period 2010 - 2015, the average export

volume of ginger increased by 7.55% per year

(Kementrian Pertanian, 2015).

Indonesian ginger cultivation is spread across 34

provinces with ginger production growth in 2014-

2015 of 5.22%. In 2015 the production growth of Bali

Province was 197.47%, which was the highest growth

in Indonesia in 2014-2015. The Central Bureau of

Statistics of Bali Province shows that ginger

production in Bali in 2015 was 5,735,658 kg, of

which Gianyar Regency contributed 51.36% of the

total production in Bali. The second largest

production is Karangasem Regency, which is

1,056,342 kg or 18.41% and the rest is spread in

Badung, Bangli, and Jembrana Regencies Tabanan,

Klungkung, Buleleng, and Denpasar regencies do not

produce ginger because the agro-climate of the area

is not suitable for ginger cultivation (BPS Provinsi

Bali, 2021).

Drying is a suitable alternative for post-harvest

management especially in countries such as

Indonesia, where distribution and post-harvest

handling facilities are not very good. It should be

noted that more than 20% of damaged or rotting crop

yields are preserved by drying for increase shelf life

(Singham Pragati and Birwal Preeti, 2014). It is the

oldest and most effective method of lowering water

content to slow down spoilage by microorganisms

(Jayashree, et al, 2017).

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is an herbal plant.

Fresh ginger root is usually consumed as a spice in

tropical countries and dried ginger is used as a

medicinal plant internationally. Dried ginger is

usually used as a spice or medicine. Quality

specifications for export as medicinal herbs are

required to be properly cut, well dried and properly

stored (Osueke, et al, 2015).

The drying process plays an important role in

preserving agricultural products because it is energy

efficient. Drying has been used since ancient times.

Hot air drying is most commonly used in dehydration

operations in the food and chemical industries. The

wide variety of preserved foods, currently available

to consumers and attracting attention to meet quality

specifications and energy conservation, emphasizes

the need for a thorough understanding of the drying

process (Desmukh, et al, 2015).

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Suherman, I., Sudirman, S., Wibolo, A., Wibawa, I. and Adiaksa, I.

Performance Evaluation of Rotary Dryer for Drying of Ginger.

DOI: 10.5220/0012058800003575

In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science (iCAST-ES 2022), pages 1062-1066

ISBN: 978-989-758-619-4; ISSN: 2975-8246

Drying machine models and drying types have

developed so rapidly in the industry. Therefore, the

Bali State Polytechnic which has aspirations as a

center for applied technology needs to develop

appropriate technology such as these machines.

The stages of processing fresh ginger rhizomes into

ginger simplicia are carried out through several stages,

namely the process of sorting, washing, chopping or

cutting, drying, final sorting, packaging and storage

(Sembiring, et al, 2012). Inappropriate harvesting can

cause the rhizomes to easily experience physiological

damage so that it can reduce the quality, therefore

further handling needs to be done, one of which is the

drying process (Ananingsih, et al, 2017). One of the

goals of drying is not only to increase the selling value

but also to overcome the occurrence of excess supply

during the harvest season (Sunil , 2017).

Be advised that papers in a technically unsuitable

form will be returned for retyping. After returned the

manuscript must be appropriately modified.

2 MATERIAL AND METHODS

2.1 Equipment

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is an important edible

spice widely grown throughout the world. It is

believed to be a native economic crop of Southeast

Asia. India is the largest ginger producing country in

the world. Ginger has many medicinal properties and

thus is widely used in Ayurveda and cooking

Description

1. Ductin

2. Control Panel

ozzle

3. Pulle

s 7. Electrical Moto

4. Gas LPG 8. Frame

5. Solenoid valve 9. Burne

10. Dr

er Drum

Figure 1: Rotary dryer for drying of ginger.

applications. Ginger is mainly composed of fibrous

content, volatile oil and non-volatile ether extract. It

is consumed as green ginger, dried ginger and in

powder form. Drying ginger is an important practice

for the enhancement and preservation of self-life and

is therefore often dried through traditional methods

such as open sun drying. Drying in the open sun is a

cheap and easy drying method, but this technique

suffers from various obstacles such as poor drying

quality, longer drying time and drying products are

susceptible to environmental dirt, rain, animals, etc.

(Jayashree , et al, 2014).

The schematic of the rotary dryer with drying

using LPG gas made for this test is as illustrated

Figure 1

Figure 2: Smart control of rotary dryer for drying of ginger.

This dryer is planned to dry ginger with a capacity

of 5 kg. Fresh ginger to be dried is put into the dryer

drum. The rotating drum dryer utilizes an electric

motor and a stove that can turn on and off

automatically so that energy consumption such as

electricity and gas is not too large. The rotation speed

of the dryer drum can be adjusted according to the

needs of the drying process. In addition to the use of

energy that is not too large, this tool is also equipped

with several safety systems, both from electric motors

and flames.

The lighter will light up simultaneously with the

electric motor when the on button is pressed, the

lighter will turn on for 10 seconds if for 10 seconds

no gas is detected, the lighter will signal the solenoid

to close and the alarm will sound. This tool can be

said to use a semi-automatic control system.

Performance Evaluation of Rotary Dryer for Drying of Ginger

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The data obtained from the measurement of

ginger weight were used to study the drying kinetics

of ginger in terms of moisture removal rate. The rate

of moisture removal is stated at dry time. Therefore,

the initial moisture removal rate based on dry

percentage can be calculated using Eq.

(1)

initial

= Initial moisture removing rate, % dry basis

= Weight of wet ginger, g

= Weight of dry ginger, g

2.2 ProcedureExperiment

The experimental material was local ginger which

after washing was cut into thin slices, with an average

thickness of 1 mm. The chopped ginger is then put

into the drying drum.

When the push button start is pressed, the electric

current from the MCB will flow towards the push

button stop because the normal position of the push

button stop is NC (Normally Closed) then terminals 1

and 2 are connected. The output from the push button

stop goes to the push button start input at terminal 3

and terminal 9 and terminal 12 get current as

common. Terminals 3 and 4 on the push button start

are connected because they are pressed, will cause

terminals 13 and 14 (solenoid) to be connected

because they get phase or neutral. The solenoid works

which will cause terminal 9 and terminal 5 to be

connected or become NC (Normally Closed) as well

as terminal 12 and terminal 8 on the relay. So that the

driving motor will rotate and the thermostat will

work. At the input the lighter is connected to terminal

no 5 on the thermostat as NO. The goal is that the

lighter turns on from the initial temperature and turns

off at the temperature that has been set on the

thermostat, and turns on again when the temperature

starts to get low and so on. The experiment was

carried out for 5 times, the ginger to be put into the

drying drum was weighed 1 Kg per experiment. The

test was carried out for 5 hours/experiment, by

measuring the water content of ginger in the drum

every hour the experiment was running. The drying

setting temperature is 50 degrees Celsius. After the

end of the experiment, the weight and moisture

content of the dried ginger will be measured.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Graph of Ginger Moisture Content

with Drying Time

Figure 3: Graph of time with moisture every hour of testing.

The test was carried out 5 times, with the same weight

and almost the same pieces of ginger, the results

showed that every hour there was an almost same

reduction in maoisture content.

3.2 Graph of Temperature in Drying

Chamber

The drying chamber is heated by a stove whose fuel

is LPG gas. With the smart control panel, the stove

will automatically turn on and off at the desired

condition. For the time being the control used is

ON/OFF control. So there is a rather wide space for

the desired temperature. The temperature that occurs

in the drying chamber is between 55-65°C. During the

5-hour test, the stove as a heat source for the dryer

was turned on and off 4 times, while it was off 4 times

as well.

As in Figure 3, that the reduction in moisture in

test 5 is the most in the reduction of moisture content,

then the lowest weight of dried ginger is in test

noumber 5. With a weight of 0.17 grams.

The average weight of dry ginger dried using a

rotary drying machine is 0.9 grams.

5;10,1

5;9,9

5;9,8

012345

Moisture(%)

Time(Hour)

Exp1 Exp2

Exp3 Exp4

Exp5

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Figure 4: Graph of Temperature in drying chamber.

3.3 Graph of Dried Ginger Weight

Figure 5: Ginger weight chart after drying by rotary ginger

drying machine.

Figure 6: Graph of the moisture content of dried ginger.

3.4 Graph of the Moisture Content of

Dried Ginger

Similar to the graphs of other test results, the lowest

water content in this test is in test number 5. The water

content is 9.1.

The average moisture content of the rotary dryer

made is 9.68%.

4 CONCLUSIONS

The rotary type ginger drying machine made and the

smart control made, can operate properly and

automatically maintain the desired drying

temperature. This machine also produces dry ginger

with an average moisture content of below 10%,

which is 9.68% with a weight of 0.9 grams.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Authors favourably acknowledge the Centre of

Research and Community Services (P3M) Politeknik

Negeri Bali for the technical and administrative

assistances. The authors also gratefully thank the

financial support from Politeknik Negeri Bali through

institutional funding scheme: DIPA Politeknik

Negeri Bali.

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