Content Analysis of Geography Teaching Materials for Class X

Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar - Case Study: Theme 04, Human, Space,

and Environment

Lailatur Rahmi, Mentari Dian Pertiwi and Anna Mariana Zebua

Universitas Negeri Padang, Prof. Dr. Hamka Street, Air Tawar, Padang,

West Sumatera Department Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Indonesia

Keyword: Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar, Teaching Materials and Projects to Strengthen Pancasila Studen t P r o f i l e s ( P 5 ) .

Abstract: Teaching materials in Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar have the primary reference that directs educational

policies, including being a reference for educators in building the character and competence of students. In

addition to providing the benefits of knowledge, it also strengthens students' character. Teaching materials

used in schools must be based on the Pancasila Dimension. To analyze the Geography textbook contained in

the Social Sciences book using the content analysis method. As a result of the content review, there are several

errors in this textbook, including errors in punctuation, sentences, and paragraphs, using wrong concepts and

generalizations. As a solution, the development of teaching materials by educators must be adapted to the

needs of a large number of students in order to actualize the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project

(P5).

1 INTRODUCTION

In Kepmendikbudristek No. 56/M/2022 concerning

Guidelines for Implementing Curriculum in the

Context of Learning Recovery, curriculum

implementation by academic units must pay attention

to the achievement of student competence in

academic units under particular conditions. It was

further explained that in the framework of recovering

learning losses that occur in particular conditions,

academic units or groups of education units need to

develop a curriculum with the principle of

diversification following the conditions of the

academic unit, regional potential, and students.

Learning Loss is a phenomenon in which a generation

loses the opportunity to gain knowledge because of a

delay in the teaching and learning process. In this

case, the learning process is a teaching process, not

just overseeing the content but how students get the

learning outcomes set.

The central concept of Merdeka Belajar is

independent thinking. Indarta (2022: 3012) states that

the teacher is free to independently translate the

curriculum before it is translated to students so that

the teacher can answer every student's needs during

the learning process. Independent learning involves

independent conditions in fulfilling the objectives,

methods, materials, and evaluation of learning for

teachers and students with concepts based on student

needs (student-center).

The Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar is one of the

curriculum concepts that demands independence

from students (Manalu et al. 2022: 81). The

independence in question is the freedom of teachers

and students in carrying out the learning process that

can be obtained through formal and non-formal

education. Implementing the independent learning

curriculum does not limit the concept of learning at or

outside of school but requires the creativity of

teachers and students.

According to Manalu et al. (2022: 82) that the

presence of an independent learning curriculum aims

to answer the challenges of education in the era of the

industrial revolution 4.0 towards the industrial

revolution 5.0, which in its realization must support

skills in critical thinking and problem solving,

creative and innovative as well as skills in

communicating and collaborate for students. Creative

and innovative learning provides more opportunities

for students to solve problems, think critically about

phenomena that occur in the surrounding

environment, and respond well to problem-solving.

162

Rahmi, L., Pertiwi, M. and Zebua, A.

Content Analysis of Geography Teaching Materials for Class X Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar - Case Study: Theme 04, Human, Space, and Environment.

DOI: 10.5220/0012198000003738

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Innovation in Education (ICoIE 4 2022) - Digital Era Education After the Pandemic, pages 162-168

ISBN: 978-989-758-669-9; ISSN: 2975-9676

The implementation of Kurikulum Merdeka

Belajar is based on the dimensions of Projek

Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5). Based on the

Decree of the Head of Education Standards,

Curriculum and Assessment Agency Number

009/H/KR/2022 concerning Dimensions, Elements,

and Sub Elements of the Profil Pancasila in the

Kurikulum Merdeka, the Profil Pancasila serves as

the primary reference that directs educational

policies, including being a reference for educators in

building character and competence of students. The

Profil Pancasila contained in the Kurikulum Merdeka

Belajar is meant to be 1) faithful, devoted to God

Almighty and noble, 2) Global Kebhinekaan, 3)

independent, 4) cooperative, 5) critical reasoning, and

6) creative. Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila

(P5) is a design to answer questions about the output

of the success of the Indonesian education system.

"Indonesian students are lifelong learners who are

competent, have character, and behave following

Pancasila values".

The design of the Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar

teaching materials is adapted to the (P5), which has a

project-based learning concept (Project-Based

Learning). The teaching materials are adapted to e

Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila P5's

fundamental principles, namely 1) Holistic, 2)

Contextual, 3) Student-Centered, and 4) Explorative.

In this case, teaching materials contain essential

themes or issues such as climate change, anti-

radicalism, mental health, culture, entrepreneurship,

technology, and democratic life so that students can

understand and take real action in answering these

issues according to the stages of learning and their

needs. In addition, through teaching materials,

students can implement them by contributing to and

impacting the surrounding environment.

Teaching materials are all forms of learning

resources, both written and written, that assist

teachers or instructors in carrying out learning

activities that become materials for students to learn

to achieve predetermined competency standards.

Sungkono (in (Prabandari 2013: 2) mentions that

teaching materials have an essential role for teachers

and students because teaching materials can

streamline and streamline the learning process.

Adjustments in selecting teaching materials must

consider the Pancasila Dimension as the primary

basis for learning geography. These teaching

materials and providing knowledge also strengthen

students' character.

2 METHOD

The method used in this research is the content

analysis method. Content analysis is an in-depth

study of the contents of written or printed information

in the mass media. Max Weber (in Eriyanto, 2013:

15) writes that content analysis is a research method

using a set of procedures to make valid inferences

from texts. Content analysis is a research method for

making replicable and valid inferences from data for

a context to provide knowledge, new insights,

representations of facts, and practical guidance for

action (Krippendorf, 1980).

The teaching material to be analyzed is the Social

Sciences Book Theme 04, Geography: Human Space

and the Environment, the latest student book

published in the Freedom to Learn Curriculum. This

study uses descriptive content analysis. Content

analysis, according to Moleong (2012: 220), is a

content study that utilizes a set of procedures to draw

valid conclusions from a book or document.

3 RESULT

Table 1.1: Punctuation/Writing Errors.

Source: Results of Analysis of Teaching Materials Theme 04, Geography: Humans, Space and environment.

Page Paragraph Sentences Punctuation/Writing Marks Correct sentences or writing

218 6 5 For example, bringing a raincoat,

umbrella, and jacket is a good idea if

you plan to go outside.

For example, if you plan to go outside,

bring a raincoat, umbrella, and jacket.

220 10 4 It does not only focus on appearances

seen from the outside but also comes

to the question: Why do the things we

see form a unified pattern?

It not only focuses on the outward

appearance but also comes to the

question of why the objects we make

form a pattern of unity.

233 1 Part a. Location

conce

t. Sentence 2

First First

Content Analysis of Geography Teaching Materials for Class X Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar - Case Study: Theme 04, Human, Space, and

Environment

163

Page Paragraph Sentences Punctuation/Writing Marks Correct sentences or writing

233 1 Part a. Location

Concept. Sentence 4

Second Second

234 1 Part b. Distance

concept. Sentence 2

First First

244 1 Activity Sheet 4.

Sentences 1 and 2

Goal no 14 SDGs: Conserve and

sustainably utilize sea, ocean, and

marine resources for sustainable

development.

Read this article carefull

Goal no 14 SDGs:

Conserve and sustainably utilize sea,

ocean, and marine resources for

sustainable development.

Read this article carefull

255 1 Activity Sheet 6

Sentences 2

Please read carefully! Please read carefully!

255 1 Activity sheet 6.

Sentences 3

GSWIR (Green-Short

Wave Infrared)

GSWIR (Green-Short Wave Infrared)

255 1 Activity sheet 6.

Sentences 4

(U.S Geological Survey) (U.S Geological Survey)

256 1 Part c. Technology

Integration:

Geographic

Information System

(

GIS

)

Sentences 2

Diujicoba (Tested) Di uji coba (Tested)

266 6 Sentences 3 Antarunsur (Between elements) Antar unsur (Between Elements

292 5 - Marine Mega-Biodiversity Marine Mega-Biodiversity

296 - Activity sheet 13

Part 4

Presentasi PowerPoint (PPT) presentation PowerPoint (PPT)

306 - Evaluation Answer some of the questions below

as an evaluation to find out your

understanding of this passage.

Answer some of the questions below as

an evaluation to find out your

understanding of this passage.

306 - Evaluation Choose the correct answer to the

questions below!

Choose the correct answer to the

questions below!

Table 1.2: Examples of Vocabulary Errors.

Page

Paragraph Sentences Incorrect Vocabulary Correct Vocabulary

215

The critical question,

numbe

Bagimana Bagaimana

225

Part B Sentences 2

Fred K. Scaefer, Fred K. Schaefer

220

Menjadi Obyek Menjadi objek

250

Yuks Yuk atau Ayo

251

Satelt Satelit

256

Ujicoba Uji coba

270

Sfera Lapisan Bumi

286

Sirrus Cirrus

286

Sirrostratus Cirrostratus

287

Sirrocumulus Cirrocumulus

287

11 Altokomulus Altocumulus

287

14 Stratokomulus Stratocumulus

287

17 Kumulus Cumulus

287

18 Kumulonimbus Cumulonimbus

290

3 4

Kualiats Kualitas

Source: Results of Analysis of Teaching Materials Theme 04, Geography: Humans, Space and Environment.

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Table 1.3: Examples of Sentence Errors.

Page Paragraph Sentences Incorrect Sentences Correct Sentences

216

Sentence 1 Coba amati baik-baik dua

gambar dibawah ini!

Coba amati kedua gambar

dibawah ini!

221

Sentences 5

...

gambaranatautulisanpermuka an

Bumi(Maryani, 2006)

...gambaran atau tulisan

ermukaan

umi (Maryani, 2006)

225

Misalnya daerah industry Menunjukka

adanya

Pemusatan dan pengelompokan

kawasan industri. Kawasan konservasi

yang menunjukkan adanya pemusatan

wilayah konservasi. Misalnya kawasan

konservasi tanah bakau

Misalnya daerah industri

menunjukkan adanya pemusatan dan

pengelompokan kawasan industri

dan kawasan konservasi yang

menunjukkan adanya pemusatan

wilayah konservasi Contoh:

kawasan konservasi tanaman bakau.

Source: Results of Analysis of Teaching Materials Theme 04, Geography: Humans, Space and Environment.

Table 1.4: Examples of Paragraph Errors.

Page Paragraph The false main idea The correct main idea

219 1 Therefore, human knowledge about the

natural environment in certain places,

including differences and similarities, can

e considere

hic knowled

Therefore, human knowledge about

nature and the environment is

geographical knowledge.

Source: Results of Analysis of Teaching Materials Theme 04, Geography: Humans, Space and Environment.

Table 1.5: Examples of Faulty Data and Facts.

Page Paragraph Sentences Data and Facts The correct data and facts

270

Indonesia's position, located

between three active plates in the

world, namely the Eurosia Plate,

the Pacific Plate, and the Indian-

Australian Plate, is known as the

ring of fire with many volcanoes.

Indonesia is located between three

active plates in the world, namely the

Eurasian, Indo- Australian and Pacific

plates. From this position, Indonesia is

referred to as the Ring of Fire (Ring of

Fire), where many volcanoes cause

seismic activity along this zone.

Source: Results of Analysis of Teaching Materials Theme 04, Geography: Humans, Space and Environment.

Table 1.6: Examples of Misconceptions.

Page Paragraph Sentences Incorrect Concept Correct Concept

283 4 2 Monsoons or wind monsoons

are winds that change direction

every half year

Monsoon winds or commonly referred to

as monsoon winds, are winds that blow

periodically (at least three months), and

between one period and another, the

pattern will be opposite and change

opposite direction every half year

Source: Results of Analysis of Teaching Materials Theme 04, Geography: Humans, Space and Environment.

Content Analysis of Geography Teaching Materials for Class X Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar - Case Study: Theme 04, Human, Space, and

Environment

165

Table 1.7: Example of Image Error.

Page Paragraph Image Incorrect Image Correct Image

219 4 Figure 4.5 Mutual help cleans

the river of garbage

I am not following the

contents of the book being

discussed.

234

Figure 4.12 The absolute

distance from point X to Y is

2500 meters, while the relative

distance

is 1 hour

It does not include image

sources like other images.

237

Altitude Zone

Here are no image captions

or image sources. Picture

captions should be in every

picture attached to a book or

teaching material.

240

Figure 4.15 Map of the

distribution of fauna i

Indonesia divided by the

Wallace and Weber Lines.

Does not include image

sources. The source of the

image should exist like any

other image in this

textbook.

241

Figure 4.16

Greenhouse effect

and global warming

infographics

Does not include image

sources. The source of the

image should exist like any

other image in this

textbook.

242 1 Figure 4.17 Ocean currents

around the

Earth

Does not include image

sources. The source of the

image should exist like an

other image in this

textbook.

Source: Results of Analysis of Teaching Materials Theme 04, Geography: Humans, Space, and Environment.

Table 1.8: Examples of Generalization Errors.

Page Paragraph Sentences Incorrect Generalization Correct Generalization

283

Monsoons or wind monsoons are

winds change direction every half

year

Monsoon winds, commonly referre

to as monsoon winds, are winds that

low periodically (at least 3

months). Between one period an

another, the pattern will be

opposite and change opposite

direction every half year.

4 DISCUSSIONS

Geography learning is learning about spatial

relations. The object of study in geography is an

object that can be observed, measured, and described

using the scientific method. Geographical studies

include physical and social aspects that cannot be

separated from human life. Therefore, in developing

teaching materials, students can understand a

phenomenon and process on the earth's surface not

only seen from one phenomenon to another but linked

between phenomena and processes elsewhere, even in

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previous times. (Rangkuty, 2020: 68).

The development of teaching materials for Class

X Social Sciences, Theme 04, Geography: Humans,

Space, and Environment, must pay attention to the

real conditions of teaching materials in a school. For

example, the learning procedures are used by paying

attention to the factual conditions of the availability

of books. The character and needs of students and the

relationship between learning materials and the

surrounding environment. The actualization of Profil

Pancasila as one of the elements that must be

considered can be seen from students' attitudes in

implementing the material being taught.

From the results of the analysis that has been

carried out based on the content review, there are

several advantages contained in this book, including:

1. Holistic. In designing Projek Penguatan Profil

Pelajar Pancasila, a holistic thinking

framework encourages students to examine all

themes and see the interrelationships of

various things to understand an issue in depth.

Geography teaching materials in Social

Sciences Books fulfill holistic requirements,

namely the existence of a connection between

the learning themes and the case studies

presented and containing more of the realities

of everyday life to make it easier for students

to study the teaching materials.

2. Contextual relates to efforts to base learning

activities on real experiences encountered in

everyday life. This teaching material fulfills

the contextual principle in which the

presentation of the material always begins

with a trigger question regarding the

relationship between the material and

everyday life related to the activities of

students in their environment.

3. Student-centered means encouraging learning

subjects to manage their learning process

independently and actively. In this case, it is

like assigning students in the form of activity

sheets or observing an image which requires

students to analyze the image.

4. Exploration is related to opening a wide space

for inquiry and self-development. Almost all

student activity sheets in this teaching material

are inquiry processes in groups and

individually. Students must actively link

geography teaching materials with student

phenomena by taking an inquiry approach. It

trains students to think critically based on a

problem or phenomenon around them.

While the weaknesses contained in Class X Social

Science Teaching Materials, Theme 04, Geography:

Humans, Space, and Environment are as follows:

Systematic writing in the use of punctuation.

It affects students' understanding of the

sentence or statement to be conveyed.

Using the wrong vocabulary will tend to cause

differences in meaning, so in compiling a

book, paying attention to the vocabulary to be

used is mandatory. The goal is to make it

easier for students to understand the material

contained in the book.

Misuse of sentences. For example, take a good

look at the two pictures below! The use of this

sentence is very ineffective. Therefore, the

improvement of the sentence is to try to

observe the two pictures below!

Errors in writing paragraphs. A good

paragraph must have links to other sentences

to reduce the tendency to express an idea.

Concepts and generalizations. One of the

mistakes in writing is when the writer does not

pay attention to the concepts and

generalizations of sentences. It will lead to

different meanings for students and the book's

author.

Writing image captions. In this book, some of

the images have clear sources and

descriptions. However, some of the other

images are not captioned. Therefore, the

description and synchronization of images to

the material explained must be considered to

appropriately convey the delivery of material

through images.

Projek Penguatan Profil Pancasila (P5) based

Geography teaching materials is a learning approach

that helps educators be more flexible and contextual.

Profil Pelajar Pancasila aims to demonstrate character

and competence, which is expected to reinforce the

noble values of Pancasila in students. Geography is

the study of interrelationships between spaces and the

impact of these interrelationships. Knowledge of

geography is closely related to everyday life.

Therefore, the development of geography teaching

materials for the independent learning curriculum is a

modification of textbooks that suit the needs and

characteristics of students.

5 CONCLUSIONS

Students are lifelong students who are competent,

have character, and behave according to Pancasila

values” is the Profil Pelajar Pancasila which is the

main requirement in developing teaching materials.

Geography teaching materials are an essential

Content Analysis of Geography Teaching Materials for Class X Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar - Case Study: Theme 04, Human, Space, and

Environment

167

element in supporting the achievement of targets and

learning objectives that contain material related to

physical and social phenomena that are interrelated

in space. Developing independent learning geography

teaching materials is a step in developing learning

through projects to spur students to be creative and

innovative.

Based on the discussion above, the development

of geography teaching materials for class X in the

Merdeka Learning Curriculum is adjusted to P5

(Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila). Teaching

materials that are flexible and contextual and follow

students' needs and characteristics. Presentation of

material is based on the realities of life and

experiences of students and has this impact on

students to contribute to the environment and have a

good impact in terms of a character on their

community environment. In addition to providing

knowledge, it also strengthens the noble values of

Pancasila.

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