A Design of Mobile Learning Application for English Learning

in Indonesia

Salaki Reynaldo Joshua

and Tini Mogea

Electronics, Information and Communication Engineering, Kangwon National University,

Jungang-ro, Samcheok-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea

English Education, Universitas Negeri Manado, Kampus Hasiru, Tondano, Indonesia

Keywords: English Learning, Mobile Application, MDLC, Testing, SENSATION.

Abstract: The development of mobile-based applications for cellular technology is accelerating at the moment. Mobile

applications are intended not only for entertainment purposes but also as an alternative learning medium.

SENSATION: Learning English with a Mobile Application is a mobile-based English learning medium that

is made more appealing and user-friendly by focusing on Indonesian-speaking users. The Multimedia

Development Life Cycle (MDLC) method was used to create the SENSATION application. The testing stages

in this study began with system validation and content, then progressed to initial application testing. The study

used a purposive sampling method, with expert-validated questionnaires, and the data was analyzed

descriptively. In the media expert validation, there are three aspects of evaluation. The media expert validation

process has three assessment aspects and the material expert validation process has four assessment aspects.

The SENSATION application had nine assessment points in the initial test. Based on the validation of media

experts and material experts with excellent criteria in terms of systems and content, the results showed that

the SENSATION application was valid. After using SENSATION, the initial application testing revealed a

positive response in terms of user acceptance. Furthermore, the study's findings are being used in the

application distribution stage.

1 INTRODUCTION

The development of technology in the cellular field is

currently very rapid, from the cellular model itself to

its functions. Maryam is one example of how cell

phones can be used as a learning tool. A mobile

application as an application that can run on a cell

phone and be used to learn, process, and obtain

practical information (it is not time-bound and can be

carried anywhere). As a result, as technology

advances, the use of English as a world language that

dominates the era of communication is required (Hu,

2016). English enables you to participate in the global

community in the broadest sense.

Even in some fields, English is required

(Mobinizad, 2018). The benefits of mastering English

include more flexible intellectual (Salaki et al., 2015),

academic, language, and social skills that are ready to

enter a social context with people of different

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2163-4945

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4296-1785

languages and cultures (Najla’a H. Al-Ajmi, 2020).

This implies that mastering the English language is a

critical requirement for modern culture today

(Damayanti, A. E., Imam S., Happy K., 2018)

because mastering the English language allows

anyone to extend their relationship with the foreign

community (Ezzelden, 2019).

Even in some fields, English is required. The

benefits of mastering English include more flexible

intellectual (Salaki et al., 2015), academic, language,

and social skills that are ready to enter a social context

with people of different languages and cultures. This

implies that mastering the English language is a

critical requirement for modern culture today

because mastering the English language allows

anyone to extend their relationship with the foreign

community (Putra et al., 2020).

Mobile education is defined as a learning process

that is delivered or supported by handheld and mobile

Joshua, S. and Mogea, T.

A Design of Mobile Learning Application for English Learning in Indonesia.

DOI: 10.5220/0012198300003738

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Innovation in Education (ICoIE 4 2022) - Digital Era Education After the Pandemic, pages 191-199

ISBN: 978-989-758-669-9; ISSN: 2975-9676

191

technologies such as personal digital assistants

(PDAs), smartphones, or wireless laptops (Kuimova

& Zvekov, 2016). Because of the increasing use of

mobile technology in society and by the younger

generation (Musahrain, 2016), students will expect

the subject matter to be delivered via mobile

technology so that it can be accessed from anywhere

and at any time (Al Said, 2020). We create mobile

applications to help people learn English for these

reasons.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 English for Specific Purposes

English is used in several countries, including the

United Kingdom, the United States, New Zealand,

Australia, Canada, and Ireland. These countries are

all former British colonies (Jati, 2018). English is

widely spoken in other countries, particularly among

people who do not speak another language, even

though it is not the dominant language in that country

(Ozer & Kılıç, 2018). English is widely spoken in

Hong Kong, Singapore, Nigeria, the Philippines, and

Malaysia, for example. It is frequently used in such

countries as a means of communication between

people who speak different native languages. The

following are the applications of the English

language, and why learning English is important.

In this case, English for news and information is

commonly used as a means of exchanging

information and news (Ezzelden, 2019). 80% of

machine data is interpreted and stored in English

(Aljazzaf, 2020). The majority of satellite

correspondence is in English. English is used in more

than half of the world's newspapers. In many

countries where English is a minority language, there

is at least one English-language newspaper (Cabrera-

Solano et al., 2020). In India, three thousand English-

language magazines have been distributed. Many

countries broadcast English-language television

news. The influence of broadcasting is felt

everywhere; protesters in every country use signs

written in English.

Business, Diplomacy, and Vocation English.

English is the primary language of international trade,

diplomacy, science, and business (Gafni et al., 2017).

English is used to trade important commodities such

as silver, lead, and hard currency (Li, 2017). English

is also the official language of several international

organizations, including the United Nations and a few

others (Shi, 2016). International conventions are also

held in English. Many professional papers in English

have been published all over the world. Abstracts in

English are included in reports published in other

languages (Zhang & Zuo, 2019).

English is the global business language. The

majority of international business is conducted in

English (Aziz et al., 2018). To advance in a career,

many international companies have minimum

English language requirements (Rahmawati, 2016).

Even if everyone at work speaks the native language,

the company information may be all in English

(Ababneh, 2017). Learning English as a skill will

allow you to read and comprehend novels, magazines,

and newspapers from all over the world (Muhammed,

2014). It will also allow you to attend conferences and

seminars and network with other industry

professionals (Liu & Zhang, 2018). English for

entertainment. Popular media also plays an important

role in the transmission of English. American films

are used in nearly every country around the world,

and American music is heard everywhere (Mogea &

Salaki, 2016).

2.2 Mobile Learning

Mobile learning is a learning paradigm that occurs in

locations or situations where simple-to-use devices

are available, such as while a learner is using a

computer or a cell phone (Guo et al., 2017). With its

numerous potentials and benefits, it is hoped that

mobile learning will become an additional source of

learning in the future, increasing the productivity and

efficacy of the process as well as the learning

outcomes of Indonesian students.

The use of ICT in education continues to grow in

a variety of techniques and ways, which can be

defined in the e-learning context as a learning process

that uses electronic channels and digital media, as

well as mobile learning as a style of learning that

primarily uses mobile communication devices and

technologies.

The extremely high adoption rate of mobile

devices the relatively simple level of usage, and the

increasingly low cost of smartphones in comparison

to personal computer devices are driving forces that

are increasingly extending the use of mobile apps as

a current learning pattern that shapes a digital model

that can be used at any time. The creation of

instructional resources that can be accessed at any

time, as well as the representation of relevant content,

benefits the concept of mobile learning. the phrases

"M-Learning" and "Smartphone" .

Learning refers to the use of electronic devices

such as PDAs, smartphones, computers, and IT

applications in teaching and studying, with a focus on

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personal devices in this case. The goal of improving

mobile learning is a continuous learning process

(long-life learning). Students can be more involved in

the learning process, saving time because, when

applied to the learning process, students do not need

to be in the classroom just to collect homework (Ying,

2018).

3 RESEARCH APPROACH

3.1 Research Design

Researchers used the Multimedia Development Life

Cycle (MDLC) method to create SENSATION. The

MDLC method improves system development

effectiveness and efficiency (Tao., 2016). MDLC

system development consists of six development

processes, beginning with the concept phase and

ending with the distribution. Figure 1 depicts the six

stages of development.

Figure 1: Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC).

1. During the concept stage, goals and audience

identification were determined.

2. The specifications for program architecture, style,

appearance, and materials were determined during the

design stage.

3. The third stage is the content acquisition, which includes

images, photos, animations, videos, audio, and source

code.

4. The application was built using the assembly stage,

which combined all contents and materials into a basic

application, such as storyboards, flow charts, and/or

navigation structures.

5. Following the assembly stage, testing was carried out in

two stages: (1) the first stage referred to alpha testing,

which was carried out by the developer, and (2) the

second stage was beta testing, which was carried out by

English teachers and students.

6. The application will be stored in media storage during the

distribution stage so that students and teachers can

download it and evaluate product development.

3.2 Sample of Research

The population of this study included all teachers and

students from elementary, junior, and senior high

schools in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. This app was

created to serve as an android-based learning medium

for all school grade levels, particularly elementary,

junior, and senior high school students. The sample

was chosen on purpose, based on the respondents'

time availability and willingness. The sample was

drawn from three levels of public and private schools

on the island of North Sulawesi. The validity of the

system and content was validated by four experts. In

addition, twenty-four English teachers and 640

students from 12 different schools (four elementary

schools, four junior high schools, and four senior high

schools) participated in the initial testing of the

SENSATION application.

3.3 Instrument of Research

In this study, the level of user acceptance was

determined using a valid and reliable questionnaire on

a Likert scale. Table 1 shows the four criteria and

scores that comprise the scale.

Table 1: Scoring Rules Likert Scale.

Category Score

Strongly Disagree (STS) 1

Disagree (TS) 2

Agree (S) 3

Strongly Agree (SS) 4

3.4 Procedure of Research

3.4.1 The Test of SENSATION Application

System

The SENSATION application system was tested

using the black box method in this study. This method

tested the application in terms of functional

specifications without testing the design or program

code to determine the application's functions, input,

and output based on the required specifications. The

application was validated using two methods: media

expert validation and material expert validation. To

validate the media, four experts, including expert

lecturers and English teachers, tested the application.

A Likert scale questionnaire with three assessments:

technical, content, and design was used to collect

data.

A Design of Mobile Learning Application for English Learning in Indonesia

193

The data was processed using the percentage

validation method. The application was tested by four

experts in the material expert validity test, who were

expert lecturers and English teachers. A Likert scale

questionnaire with four indicators was used to collect

data: ease of use, motivation, withdrawal, and

usefulness. The information was gathered and

validated using the percentage method.

3.4.2 Initial Test of SENSATION

Application

In the testing stage, SENSATION tested on English

teachers and students. The subject of this research

was 24 English teachers and six hundred and 40

students in twelve different schools. These schools

consist of four senior high schools, four junior high

schools, and four elementary schools, both public or

private school in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The

sampling technique used was purposive sampling,

Data collection techniques using a Likert scale

questionnaire with nine assessments, namely

functionality, user friendly, beneficial, easy to be

implemented, applicable, the application is needed,

comfortable, easy to use, and easy to understand. This

questionnaire to collect feedback from students who

have used SENSATION during English lessons. The

data were processed using the percentage validation

method.

3.4.3 Data Analysis

Data from the questionnaire were processed using the

percentage validation method. The data processing

with the formula (Damayanti., 2018):

Xi =

 

 

𝑥 100%

Exp :

S max = Maximal score

Σ 𝑆 = Amount score

𝑥 = Eligibility scores for each aspect

questionnaire

Table 2: Validity test based on percentage.

Percentage Value

81%-100% Very good

61%-80% Good

41%-60% Pretty good

21%-40% Not good

0%-20% Very Not good

The results of the percentage score obtained from

data are interpreted in the criteria in Table 2.

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Results

People nowadays can enjoy the content provided by

Android and iOS, but there is little educational

content. The SENSATION is a learning system

created by a component of education. SENSATION

is an acronym that stands for "Study English with a

Mobile Application." The Android and iOS

frameworks were used to create SENSATION. The

SENSATION application is used for English

learning. People should be introduced to English at a

young age, with the emphasis on reading, writing, and

listening.

The SENSATION is an English-learning

application designed specifically for Indonesian

society, where both children and adults can use it. It

is hoped that by introducing English at a young age

as well as for adults, we will have a good

understanding.

The application's display is also tailored to

children's and adults' ages, with bright colors and

images that can pique their interest in learning. We

can learn both written English words and English

pronunciation in the SENSATION. It transforms the

sensation into a simple and interactive application for

learning English on your own for daily use.

The SENSATION was created in six stages of the

Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC),

beginning with the concept, design, obtaining content

material, assembly, testing, and distribution. (1) The

concept stage is the author's preliminary study stage,

in which there is an initial study on the use of mobile

applications for learning English, followed by the (2)

design stage, which loads pages that will later be

displayed in the application. The following stage is

(3) Obtaining Content Material, in which the author

gathers the content that will be loaded into

SENSATION. Continue to the fourth stage,

"assembly," after finishing loading the material,

which is a stage of assembling material and testing

the application in a black box test for functionality

and application bugs. The following stage is (5)

testing to determine the application's readiness and

maturity level for use, followed by (6) distribution,

also known as the application dissemination stage.

The login page is the first page that users see

when they launch the SENSATION application. The

user will enter a username and password (if they

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already have an account) or create an account on this

page (if the user does not have one). Users can access

the applications via this page. The login and account

creation functions are used to identify users who are

using the application. Figure 2 depicts the

SENSATION login page in action.

Figure 2: SENSATION login page.

The following page is the English level page,

which allows users to select their English level. Users

will benefit from the ability to select their English

level because the material displayed to them will be

tailored to their level of English. Users can choose

between three English levels: low (individual words),

medium (simple phrases), and high (communicating

needs). The application will automatically display the

material based on the English level selected. Figure 3

depicts the display of the SENSATION English level

page.

Figure 3: SENSATION English Level Page.

The home page is the primary display that is

accessible to all users (all English levels). This page

displays six main options: learn (learning material),

practice (practice material), test (taking a test), games

(interesting games), information (about

SENSATION), and developer (development team).

Figure 4 depicts the homepage display.

Figure 4: SENSATION Homepage.

Figure 5 shows the page tenses that are available on

the learn page. The user will select the tenses to be

studied from four options on this page: present, past,

future, and past future. Users will have an easier time

learning tenses because they have been grouped so

that the existing tense groups are easy to remember.

Figure 5: SENSATION Tense Page.

Page tenses includes the presentation page, as

shown in Figure 6. The information on this page is

about the simple present test. Because the sensation is

intended for Indonesian users, the instructions for the

introductory material are in Indonesian.

A Design of Mobile Learning Application for English Learning in Indonesia

195

Figure 6: SENSATION Presentation Page.

The user is given a Test Page to assess his ability

using the six available test options. Starter, verb,

speaking, listening, expression, and idiom are the

options provided. Users are free to select from the

available test options. The SENSATION

automatically adjusts the test entries based on the

English level selected on the previous page by the

user. Figure 7 depicts the display of the test page.

Figure 7: SENSATION Test Page.

The practice page, as shown in Figure 8, is

designed for users who have previously tested. The

test level was adjusted by SENSATION based on the

user's current English level. Users can take listening,

speaking, reading, and writing tests on this page. This

will allow users to practice their basic English skills.

Figure 8: SENSATION Practice Page.

4.2 Discussion

English is referred to as a widely spoken first or

second language, particularly among people who do

not share another language, even though it is not the

dominant language in that country. In this case,

English for news and information is commonly used

as a means of exchanging information and news.

Approximately 80% of machine data is interpreted

and stored in English. The majority of satellite

correspondence is in English. English is used in more

than half of the world's newspapers. In many

countries where English is a minority language, there

is at least one English-language newspaper. In India,

three thousand English-language magazines have

been distributed. Many countries broadcast English-

language television news. Protesters in every country

use signs written in English due to the influence of

broadcasting. As a result, proficiency in English has

emerged as one of the most valuable assets for

competing in the global era.

4.2.1 Media Expert Validity Test

Initially, four media experts validated the

SENSATION application. The validity test is

performed in collaboration with experts in the design

and system of the sensation. The goal of this validity

test was to see if the development of the sensation

required some guidance from a group of English

teachers and experts (lector). Figure 9 depicts the

validity test result of the "sensation" by media

experts.

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Figure 9: Validity Test Result by Media Experts.

A Likert-scale questionnaire was used to conduct

the validity test by media experts. The score was

calculated and converted into a percentage.

Technical, content, and design indicators are used in

the evaluation. Technical indicators include the

system's technical capability. Content indicators

include an application system that displays content

based on user input, and design indicators include

system function compatibility with the initial design

of the SENSATION application. The media experts'

validity test aims to detect any errors or bugs in the

application.

According to Figure 9, the results of the media

experts' validity test show that the percentage is

greater than 80%. Based on the percentage validity

test, it is possible to conclude that the SENSATION

application was developed very well in terms of

technique, content, and application design. As a

result, the SENSATION application is extremely

simple to use.

4.2.2 Material Expert Validity Test

A validity test was performed on a sample of four

experts, with four indicators used as part of the

evaluation. Purposive sampling was used to select the

sample of ten experts, including lecturers and English

teachers. Material experts conduct validity testing to

determine whether the content matches the

application's initial purpose and design. Figure 10

depicts the findings of the media experts' validity

assessment.

Figure 10: Validity test result by Material Experts.

Aspects of evaluation include usability,

motivation, withdrawal, and usefulness. Content that

is easy to access, learn, and apply in everyday life is

included in easy-to-use indicators. Indicators of

motivation include whether the content motivates

users to learn and whether the content motivates users

to improve their English mastery. Evaluation

withdrawal indicators include whether the content

can entice users to use the application and entice users

to learn English using the SENSATION application.

Finally, usefulness assessment considers whether the

content in the SENSATION application is beneficial

to users, particularly in terms of improving English

mastery.

According to Figure 10, the results of the media

experts' validity test show a percentage of more than

80%. According to the percentage-based validity

table, the content of the SENSATION application is

very good in terms of ease of use, motivation,

withdrawal, and usefulness.

Based on the results system and material

validation, the SENSATION application met the

requirements of a mobile-based learning medium.

SENSATION is expected to provide three major

benefits that will serve as supplements, complements,

and substitutes.

1. Supplement

The SENSATION application's supplement functions

refer to optional characters, such as "users have

freedom of choice." In this case, users are free to

select provided features in the SENSATION. Users

can also access the application at any time and from

any location.

2. Compliment

In this case, the SENSATION augments the material

designed to supplement English learning in the

classroom. As a bonus, because it is designed for

Indonesian society, it also includes introductory

material in Indonesian to make it easier to understand.

The SENSATION material is programmed in this

case to serve as reinforcement or additional material

for Indonesian users.

3. Substitution

The goal of SENSATION is to provide an alternative

English learning platform where anyone can manage

their learning activities in accordance with their own

time and daily activities. As a learning alternative, the

SENSATION provides users with time and material

to study flexibility.

A Design of Mobile Learning Application for English Learning in Indonesia

197

4.2.3 Test of User Acceptance

The next writer completed the testing process after

completing the development of the SENSATION

application. A testing activity is a set of steps that can

determine whether or not software contains errors

when SENSATION is already in the user's hands

(bugs). At this stage, testing is performed to ensure

that the application's functionality is operational and

to evaluate the application's performance when used

by users. This testing will also determine the level of

user acceptance of SENSATION. The author can

determine the level of acceptance of the validators,

who are English practitioners, teachers, and students,

using this test. Where this test can help system

developers in the development of the SENSATION

application

The SENSATION application was first tested on

a group of 24 English teachers and 640 students from

12 different schools, which included four elementary

schools, four junior high schools, and four senior high

schools. The sampling is based on students' and

teachers' willingness to try out the application. The

sampling strategy is also based on the application's

original goal of being able to cover all education

sectors from elementary school to senior high school.

Figures 11 and 12 show the findings of the testing

research.

Figure 11: Design Validity Result.

When determining the level of user acceptance of

the SENSATION application, factors such as

functionality, user-friendliness, benefits, ease of

implementation, applicability (if applicable),

comfort, ease of use, and understanding are all taken

into account. According to the questionnaire results

shown in Figure 11, average users choose the option

"strongly agree" with an intensity of 50-90% in every

aspect of the assessment. Figure 12 illustrates the

testing results in greater detail.

Figure 12: Material Validity Result.

The results of this test are useful for determining

the level of user acceptance in SENSATION

application development. According to Figure 12, the

dominant value is strongly agreed, followed by

agreeing for the nine assessment indicators.

According to Figure 12, the level of acceptance of

some users indicates that they strongly agree that

SENSATION has good aspects of functionality,

benefits, ease of implementation, and applicability.

According to Figure 12, the majority of users

"strongly agreed" that SENSATION has good aspects

of the application that are needed: it is comfortable,

easy to use, and easy to understand. Finally, almost

all users stated in Figure 12 that they strongly agreed

that SENSATION has very good user-friendliness.

Based on the results of the user acceptance test, it

is possible to conclude that the majority of users are

satisfied with the SENSATION application. The

author can then use these results as data in the next

stage of application development, namely the

distribution stage. This stage entails distributing

applications to a larger number of consumers.

5 CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATION

The SENSATION application is an effort to create

mobile-based English learning media aimed at

Indonesian language learners. The SENSATION

application development process is still in its early

stages (Version 1). SENSATION is very good in

terms of systems and content, according to the results

of validation by media experts and material experts.

According to the testing results, the SENSATION

application has a high level of user acceptance. The

study's findings are then used to make

recommendations for the next stage of development.

It is hoped that the development of this application

will assist users, particularly Indonesian-speaking

users, in learning English at their own pace.

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Furthermore, SENSATION application development

can be used as a model for the creation of similar

applications as well as complex applications for

English learners.

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