A Bibliometric Analysis for Stakeholder Management Focused on

Energy and Sustainability

Saul Alfonso Esparza-Rodriguez

, Gabino Garcia Tapia

Anibal Enrique Toscano-Hernández

and Cesar Gustavo Iriarte Rivas

Business Programs Faculty, Arkansas State University, km 17.5 Estatal 100, Querétaro, Mexico

Facultad de Contaduría y Administración, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

Universidad Del Sinú, Córdoba, Colombia

Business Programs Faculty, Arkansas State University, km 17.5 Estatal 100, Querétaro, Mexico

Keywords: Stakeholders, Management, Bibliometric Analysis, Social Sciences, Sustainability.

Abstract: The study of sustainability in scientific literature represents a subject of interest for many authors, institutions,

and countries, being considered as a complex subject given the multiple interactions among internal and

stakeholders. In that matter, this research presents a bibliometric analysis in relation to stakeholder

management focused on the subjects related to energy and sustainability to understand the state of the art in

the field using data from Scopus database of published papers including a period considering the years 1994

to 2021. Thus, the first stage presents an analysis of general productivity by year, country, source, author, and

affiliation, using descriptive measures related to the number of research units published, concentration indexes,

and descriptive comparisons at different levels. Then, the work includes the analysis of the most influential

articles in terms of citation levels for countries, affiliations, and authors, ending with a comparative analysis

that considers proportional data. As a matter of conclusion, the present research shows that the state of the art

in relation to stakeholder management focused on energy and sustainability is guided by subjects such as

sustainable development, decision making, environmental management, climate change, environmental

impact, economic and social effects.

1 INTRODUCTION

Stakeholder management represents a multidimen-

sional process in any organization, since usually

involves stakeholders and decision makers,

considering a variety set of preferences and opinions

that form a complex process of decision making (Ren,

2020); is in that sense that such managerial approach

is relevant for the environment of the contemporary

organizations, facing challenges such as pandemics,

historic recession, armed conflict, and difficulties

related to energy and sustainability.

Following this idea, it is important to point out

that embodied energy has part of the sustainability

debate, including a focus on regulations on in-use

energy and carbon, the state of the legislation in the

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-6159

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7926-3668

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5064-4280

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2059-1664

matter, and even the assessment of appropriate

impacts on the public and industry stakeholders

(Hakansson, A., Höjer, M., Howlett, R. J., & Jain, L.

C., 2013).

Thus, the focus on stakeholder engagement for

this complex subject is based on promoting the

enrolment of actors such as policymakers, technocrats

and innovators, is considered a basis to explore

complex relationships of multiple actors in the energy

system, since to apply an integrative analysis in this

manner is necessary to use the theoretical framework

of Stakeholder Theory, contributing to the debate on

energy transitions and potential interest of relevant

interest groups (Nora, Alberton, & Ayala, 2021).

Given the intricacy of multiple interactions, that

could be in a simultaneous or successive fashion, the

Esparza-Rodriguez, S., Garcia Tapia, G., Toscano-Hernández, A. and Iriarte Rivas, C.

A Bibliometric Analysis for Stakeholder Management Focused on Energy and Sustainability.

DOI: 10.5220/0011613000003494

In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Finance, Economics, Management and IT Business (FEMIB 2023), pages 51-58

ISBN: 978-989-758-646-0; ISSN: 2184-5891

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

major objective of stakeholder engagement and

involvement address the complexity, uncertainty,

multiplicity of values and perceptions on

sustainability issues such as energy transition, where

considering essential knowledge from all relevant

disciplines and actor groups related to the problem is

highly effective (Mielke, Vermaßen, Ellenbeck,

Milan, & Jaeger, 2016).

In order to address this theoretical need for

creating knowledge directed in the state of the art in

the field, the present research work presents a

bibliometric analysis considering a deductive and

multilayer analysis, guided by the following research

questions and independent variables.

1.1 Research Questions and

Independent Variables

The main contribution of our study is to fill the

knowledge gap relative to the research on extant

stakeholder management in general production,

research approaches, and influence structure by

identifying, synthesizing, and evaluating existing

literature to analyze the evolution of the research

field, considering the following general and specific

research questions.

What multilevel trends help to explain the state of

the art in relation to stakeholder management focused

on energy and sustainability?

In order to answer the general question, the

following specific research questions will be the main

guidelines of the study, including a multilevel trends

analysis in relation to general productivity, keywords

associated and influential authors and papers, as

follows:

How is the general productivity in stakeholder

management on energy and sustainability in terms of

countries, institutions, and journals since the first

mention of the concept in literature?

What are the most relevant keywords associates

with the stakeholder management on energy and

sustainability approach in the consulted literature

that represent the principal research approach in the

field?

Who are the most influential authors and papers

in stakeholder management on energy and

sustainability?

In that sense, the study performs a comprehensive

bibliometric analysis in terms of the following

variables:

General Productivity: Including an analysis of

the growth of researching papers, concentration

indexes, and indicators related to the most productive

institutions, journals, and countries.

Research Approaches: Considering an analysis

of the approaches to the field by identifying the most

related topics present in the literature.

Influence Structure: Presenting an analysis of

the most influential papers in the subject and the

leading authors in terms of the number of citations

and average citation per year indexes.

Considering the research questions and the stated

variables, the research method will be done through a

bibliometric review study that leads to a

comprehensive view of the general productivity,

research approaches, and influence structure of the

research field related to stakeholder management on

energy and sustainability to provide a comprehensive

answer to the research questions that guides the

research.

1.2 A Bibliometric Review to

Understand the Evolution of

Stakeholder Management on

Energy and Sustainability

Considering bibliometrics as a form of study of

quantitative nature that made the analysis of

published or bibliographic units possible, including

quantitative measures or analyses applied to

indicators such as number of volumes in a collection,

number of titles, numbers of articles published in a

given field over a certain length of time, numbers of

articles in journals, chapters in collected works

published by a given number of persons (Broadus,

1987), this represent an useful approach to understand

relevant trends and overall situation of quantitative

nature regarding scientific activity.

In that sense, measurement of scholarly impact is

considered one of the strongest currencies in the

Academy (traditionally been equated with number of

citations—be it for individuals, articles, departments,

universities, journals, or entire fields), given its

scholarly impact of multidimensional nature

construct on members of the academia (Aguinis,

Suárez-González, Lannelongue, & Joo, 2012) by

including a diversity of relevant measurements

including studies regarding most productive and

influential countries, leading journals in the field,

authors, affiliations (Merigó, Cancino, Coronado, &

Urbano, 2016); universities and research scholars

who have had the greatest impact on the field

(Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Podsakoff, & Bachrach,

2008); frequency of terms extracted from publication

titles (Pritchard, A., 1969); and even visualization

techniques using specialized software such as

VOSviewer and NVivo to perform complexity

reduction in large bodies of literature and theorizing

FEMIB 2023 - 5th International Conference on Finance, Economics, Management and IT Business

graphically (Sinkovics, 2016); in the sense of

understanding stakeholder management on energy

and sustainability for the present work, the methods

used are including in the following section.

2 METHODS

The analysis made in the present work will take into

consideration bibliometric indicators proposed by

Macan & Petrak (2014), that can be classified into

three categories: quantitative indicators, used to

measure the productivity of relevant researchers;

performance indicators, that measure the quality of

journals or researchers; and structural indicators,

useful to establish a link between publication, authors

and research fields.

Also, recommendations from Zupic and Čater

(2015) in terms of main bibliometric methods that

considers the use of citation data to to construct

measures of influence and similarity, and co-word

analysis to find connections among concepts that co-

occur in document titles, keywords and abstracts.

To achieve that, the process we applied follow a

procedure that explains how we collected the data, the

use of keywords, the type of documents considered,

the most important indicators and the specific

analysis for bibliometric review, ending with the

discussion regarding the findings and research

proposal for future interest.

Following the recommendations of the AMSTAR

protocol (Shea et al., 2007), as a measurement tool to

assess the methodological quality of systematic

reviews, for this research paper the data was collected

from Scopus database, which is a source-neutral

abstract and citation database, curated by independent

subject matter experts, with tools that generates

precise citation search results and automatically

updated researcher profiles, that includes more than

75 million records, with 68 million post-1970 records.

In the research questions we focused on

descriptive analysis to understand the development of

the research field of the stakeholder management

theory at country, institution and journal level from

the first mentions of those combines set of topics in

the literature, establishing an inclusion criterion

limited to “Articles” in the Final (or published)

stages, as the selected document type from all type of

sources, affiliation, sponsors, countries, and source

types, in English language; all other type of

documents such as Conference Papers, Book Chapter,

Books, Editorials, Conference papers and Letters

were excluded, since in recent years the research

paper represents the most used form of

communication of science and this was made in order

to ensure an objective and equivalent comparison

among study subjects.

In those terms, we present the most relevant and

influential articles regarding the subject between

1969 and 2021 using Scopus database, considering

23,841 document results including the keywords:

“Stakeholder”, “Management”, “Energy” and a

diversity of concepts related to sustainability; besides,

the selection was limited to “Social Sciences,

Business and Economic” as subject areas, using the

option “show all abstracts”, and a sorting option on:

“Cited by highest”; in that sense, there were no

conflict of interest that could affect the rigorous

method of selection for the analysis.

3 RESULTS

To understand how the production of papers have

increase in time as an introduction to the descriptive

statistical analysis, first we present the productivity

tendency since the first paper where the concept was

mentioned.

The results show the country of origin of the

leading research being mainly in eight countries

which accounts for the 50% of the total publications:

United States (13%), United Kingdom (10%), China

(6%), Germany (6%), Italy (4%), Netherlands (4%),

Spain (4%) and Australia (3%); the literature about

the significance of stakeholder management on

energy and sustainability subjects shows a positive

trend in the last year, with a clear positive tendency

in the number of documents published each year

considering the period between 1994 and 2021,

beginning with the works of Hirst (1994) focused on

conducting planning to assess demand and supply

resources to meet customer energy-service needs; and

Jelacic (1994), focused on method related to

geothermal wells; in comparison to the year 2021 that

covers a wide array of subjects, including papers that

mentions keywords related to subjects such as

sustainable development (59), climate change (36),

energy management (33), decision making (31),

waste management (13), alternative energy (23),

economic and social effects (22), water management

(19), energy efficiency (18), environmental

management (18), and investments (18), among

others. In what refers to total productivity of each

country, is possible to notice the relevance of the

United States in the overall productivity, being the

global leader in studies related to stakeholder

management focused in energy and sustainability, as

figure 1 shows.

A Bibliometric Analysis for Stakeholder Management Focused on Energy and Sustainability

Source: Own elaboration based in Scopus (2022).

Figure 1: Tendencies of productivity in the most productive

countries.

Figure 1 shows that all the countries have a

positive tendency, and that China is making an

important leap in the final trace of the period

considered, since in 2021 showed the largest

productivity considering the tier 3 countries on the

list.

3.1 Concentration Index of

Productivity of Countries in

Stakeholder´S Management

Research

To better understand the level of concentration of

productivity in terms of documents published at

country, institution and journal level, we used the Ck

concentration index, which is an index that presents a

sum of the shares in publication given a K largest

institution, journals or countries in this scientific

field, calculated as expressed in formula 1 (Valencia,

2020):

Formula 1: Ck concentration index

ocuments



(1)

Source: Own elaboration based in Valencia (2020).

Where K represents the quantity of documents

published in a journal, country or institution related

to the scientific field. Using this index, is possible to

understand if there is any relevant concentration in

the production and citation in a specific subject in

terms of regions, institutions, and journals.

The way to interpret the index is as follows: Ck <

33% = low concentration; 34% < Ck < 67% =

moderate concentration; Ck > 68% = high

concentration. Now, a list of the most productive

countries using an analysis with concentration index

by the total productivity of each country.

Table 1: Most productive countries and Ck concentration

index.

CK Country Documents %

United States 342 12.8%

United Kingdom 266 9.9%

China 166 6.2%

4 Germany 153 5.7%

Italy 115 4.3%

Netherlands 102 3.8%

Spain 95 3.5%

Australia 88 3.3%

Canada 87 3.2%

10 Sweden 67 2.5%

France 66 2.5%

Denmark 56 2.1%

Greece 49 1.8%

India 48 1.8%

Finland 46 1.7%

Austria 45 1.7%

Switzerland 45 1.7%

18 Portugal 44 1.6%

Rest of countries 802 29.9%

Source: Own elaboration using data from Scopus (2022).

As we can see in table 3, there is a moderate level

of concentration in the countries that have a

production of documents in the subject of stakeholder

management focused in energy and sustainability

subjects, mainly in ten countries: United States,

United Kingdom, China, Germany, Italy,

Netherlands, Spain, Australia, Canada, and Sweden.

3.2 Most Related Subject Areas and

Keywords

Stakeholder management represents an approach to

organizational management used in a diverse

framework, where topics such as most common

subject area and specific keywords found in the

database of Scopus can provide a better view of the

studies that are made related to this specific topic.

First, when analyzing the distribution by subject

area, most articles written about the subjects relate to

Social Sciences and Business Management and

Accounting, leaving other subjects to a lesser

percentage of participation.

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

UNITED STATES

UNITED KINGDOM

CHINA

GERMANY

ITALY

NETHERLANDS

SPAIN

AUSTRALIA

FEMIB 2023 - 5th International Conference on Finance, Economics, Management and IT Business

Source: Own elaboration using data from Scopus (2022).

Figure 2: Documents by subject areas.

As we can see in figure 2, the most present

representative areas are Environmental Science,

Energy and Engineering which represents the 54.07%

of the total publications; up to 2022, those are the

dominant fields of the stakeholder’s approach related

to energy and sustainability present in the research

works founded in the Scopus database.

Following the analysis, we proceed to use the

VOSviewer software to perform a graphic analysis of

the database, since this specialized software is useful

to construct networks of scientific publications,

journals, researchers, organizations, countries,

keywords, or terms (van Eck and Waltman, 2017);

figure 4 show the relationship of the publications in

terms of bibliometric by keywords, in terms of the

multiple relations found in keywords related to

stakeholder management, giving a better idea of how

researchers are using the topic to study and explain

related issues.

Source: Own elaboration using VOSviewer (2022).

Figure 3: Bibliometric network by keywords.

To better understand the data present in figure 3,

the software presents the main keywords related to

stakeholder´s management research, considering a

minimum number of 25 occurrences of each keyword

(a custom attribute that indicates the number of

documents in which a keyword occurs), in which 76

meet the threshold; also, we eliminate keywords

directly related to the meaning of the subject and

regions (such as the term stakeholders, stakeholder

management or names of countries, among others) to

avoid repetition of concepts.

A general overview of the most influential papers

considered in this research shows that the subjects can

be summarized in specific keywords, which are

represented in the next figure 5:

Source: Own elaboration using data from Scopus (2022).

Figure 4: network analysis of index keywords presents in

the most influential papers by citation.

As figure 4 shows, the index keywords that have

the highest number of occurrences are 13, presenting

a varying level of link strength with the rest of

keywords in the most influential papers by citations

that goes from 7 to 13, which include climate change,

competition, decision making, economic and social

effects, innovation, risk assessment, supply chain

management, sustainability, sustainable

development and United States.

3.3 Most Influential Authors

Next, for the analysis related to the most productive

and influential authors, the table 8 presents data in

terms of TP = Total Papers; TC = Total Cites, CPP =

citations per paper and H index for the authors

regarding the papers published related to

stakeholder´s management.

Table 2 shows that the most productive authors in

terms of cites are not necessarily the most influential,

as we can see with the relationship among citation

level and productivity: Holthus (0), Mbohwa (2.5),

Wright (0.25), Abram (4) and Bernnat (4).

In terms of the most cited papers in stakeholder´s

management on energy and sustainability, the

following table includes information related to the

respective papers in terms of journal (J), total

citations (TC), title, authors, year of publication and

the average citation per year (C/Y).

Environmental

Science

24%

Energy

16%

Engineering

14%

Social Sciences

13%

Business,

Management and

Accounting

Agricultural

and Biological

Sciences

Earth and

Planetary

Sciences

Computer

Science

Economics,

Econometrics and

Finance

Decision Sciences

Other subjects

A Bibliometric Analysis for Stakeholder Management Focused on Energy and Sustainability

Table 2: Top 10 authors by average citations per paper

(CPP).

# Author

Total

papers

Total

Cites

CPP

(Citations

per paper)

1 Dale, V. 6 330 55

2 Junginger, M. 5 63 12.6

3 Kline, K. 5 300 60

4 Holthus, P. 4 0 0

5 Lombardi, P. 4 49 12.25

6 Mbohwa, C. 4 10 2.5

7 Wright, N. 4 1 0.25

8 Abram, T. 3 12 4

9 Bernnat, W. 3 12 4

10 Brouwer, F. 3 37 12.33

Source: Own elaboration using data from Scopus (2022).

4 DISCUSSIONS

This study presented a general overview of the most

productive sources in the subject of stakeholder´s

management on energy and sustainability, which

show a comprehensive view of the research field in

those subjects. The main advantage of this approach

is that it identifies the most productive and influential

authors, journals, institutions and countries are

presenting the major productivity in a focused

research field of study, so any person interested in the

subject can clearly identify where is the leading

research taking place since 1994 to 2021.

The productivity observed in the considered

period (between 1994 and 2021), shows a clear

positive slope in the number of publications each

year; also, the most present related subjects are

climate change, competition, decision making,

economic and social effects, innovation, risk

assessment, supply chain management, sustainability

and sustainable development, with a peak of

productivity in the year 2021.

Using the concentration indexes is possible to

understand if there is any relevant concentration in

the production and citation in a specific subject in

terms of regions, institutions, and journals; the results

show that there is an important concentration of

productivity mainly in eight countries: United States,

United Kingdom, China, Germany, Italy,

Netherlands, Spain and Australia, with a

predominance of United Kingdom and United States,

followed by a recent increase in the scientific

production of China. The global leading institutions

in the subject are Delft University of Technology and

Wageningen University & Research (Netherlands),

Imperial College London, The University of

Manchester and University of Leeds (United

Kingdom), Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hong

Kong Polytechnic University (China), and finally,

Rutgers University–New Brunswick (United States).

This work reveals the following insights, firstly,

in what it comes to the main keywords related to

stakeholder´s management on energy and

sustainability are: sustainable development, decision

making, environmental management, climate change,

environmental impact, economic and social effects,

energy efficiency, energy policy, waste management,

environmental protection, economics, alternative

energy, energy resource, energy management, life

cycle, energy utilization, investments, water

management, greenhouse gases, renewable energy

resources, water supply, risk assessment, energy

conservation, emission control, renewable resource,

energy planning, carbon dioxide, recycling, energy

use, environmental policy, commerce, resource

management, policy making, public policy,

renewable energies, optimization, carbon,

participatory approach, adaptive management,

governance approach, biomass, risk management,

project management; also, there is a strong presence

of keywords referring to United Stated and China.

This relation show that stakeholder´s management

on energy and sustainability are subjects close to

investment, utilization, waste management and risk

management and assessment. The most influential

authors are Dale, V.H. and Kline, K.L, who are the

authors with the highest level of citation in the

considered period of time; meanwhile, the authors of

the most influential papers are from countries such as

United States (3), China (2), United Kingdom (1),

Spain (1), Netherlands (1), Norway (1), United Arab

Emirates (1), Greece (1), Germany (1) and France (1);

it is also relevant to highlight that the most influential

work is related to climate change impacts and

adaptation in cities, being a systematic literature

review by Hunt & Watkiss, in 2011.

5 CONCLUSIONS

Given that Bibliometrics are useful tools for

document and justify the role of the research work in

terms of understanding the evolution of a given

scientific fields, the contributions of the present paper

FEMIB 2023 - 5th International Conference on Finance, Economics, Management and IT Business

are substantial to better understand the behavior of

scientific activities in what comes to energy and

sustainability considering stakeholder management

as a basis.

With this information, the scientific community

can have a clear overview of the most significative

trends in relation to productivity (at country and

subject levels) and influence (at related subjects

expressed by keywords and authors level) in a

practical and useful manner; that is one of the reasons

that support the structure of the descriptive

argumentation included in this research.

As a group of researchers that are specialized in

the subject, the authors consider that the information

included is relevant to identify key aspects that shows

the main contributors in the field, useful to trace

relationships amongst indicators such as most

productive countries, subjects and even authors,

which can be used to show an actual trend in the study

of a subject, given space to discussion that can be

present in multidisciplinary studies; in a sense, this

information could be used to identify a given

predilection of a country in the subject that guides the

interest of such nation in developing goals towards

energy and sustainability taking into consideration

stakeholder management as the main managerial

practice to achieve those, considering that

bibliometric methods are frequently used in the field

of library and information science.

In the other hand, in what comes to the citation

analysis (based on constructing a citation graph in a

descriptive manner), this is useful for any research

fields to explore connections between keywords or

even authors, the impact of a particular paper, with

the possibility for the development of thesauri, and

evaluation of reader usage.

Given the findings, it is important to understand

the changes that recent events brought to the subject;

in that sense, in future research is necessary to

develop further analysis in terms of specialized

subjects related to a during and post war environment

in relation to the current conflict in Russia and

Ukraine; that could provide a major understanding of

the intellectual structure of stakeholder management

on energy and sustainability by applying methods

such as bibliographical coupling, co-citation, co-

author analysis, and possible correlations with

conflicts of geopolitics nature.

Thus, the main contribution of this paper is not

just descriptive for the results, but also a procedure to

obtain, process, analyze and show the overall

behavior of scientific productivity, influence and

trend of any given field, being these aspects as

relevant for the research community.

Also, it represents a practical way to use the

bibliometric information to understand where the

scientific activity is heading, what countries are more

interested in a particular topic, what kind of keywords

or specialized subjects are more relevant to the field

and who are the most influential actors, so any

researcher can have the possibility of using this

methodology to create their own analysis.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors want to thank to the Arkansas State

University, the National Autonomous University of

Mexico, and the University of Sinu for the support

received during the realization of this research.

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