Solar Simulation to Realize the Concept of Smart Building at Ibnu

Sina Regional General Hospital of Gresik

Brina Oktafiana

, Choirul Anam

, Heristama Anugerah Putra

and Fitha Novitasari

Architecture Department, Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya, Jalan Arief Rahman Hakim No. 100, Surabaya,

Indonesia

Design Product Department, Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya, Jalan Arief Rahman Hakim No. 100, Surabaya,

Indonesia

Architecture Department, Universitas Katolik Dharma Cendika, Jalan Dr. Ir. Soekarno No. 201, Surabaya, Indonesia

Keywords: Smart Building, Solar Simulation, Ibnu Sina Regional Hospital.

Abstract: In realizing the smart city concept, it requires the existence of smart buildings within the scope of the city,

which can be initiated by the local government. Hospitals as health service institutions by the government,

provide complete individual health services, starting from the provision of inpatient, outpatient, and

emergency services. The object of the case study is the Ponek Building and the Emergency Unit of Ibnu Sina

Hospital – Gresik, East Java. The development, both in quality and quantity, was carried out in stages at the

Ponek Building and Emergency Unit at Ibnu Sina Hospital (2015 and 2020), both due to increased workload,

and as an effort to serve Covid-19 patients. As climate change worsens, hazardous weather events become

more frequent or severe. So that the concept of smart building is needed to be applied in formulating strategies

for buildings that are environmentally friendly and synergize with smart cities, without compromising user

convenience. The right strategy can be formulated by identifying responsive characters, implementing

optimizations, conducting simulations, and designing automation applications. Solar simulation in buildings

is important to minimize energy use in the operation of the Ponek Building and the Emergency Unit of Ibnu

Sina Hospital.

1 INTRODUCTION

Along with the development of technology and the

start of the industrial era 4.0, the health sector no

longer views technology only as facilities and

infrastructure. However, technology has now evolved

into a strategic asset in hospital services. In various

parts of the world, the use of technology such as Big

Data, Internet of Things, and Artificial Intelligence in

the world of health has become commonplace. Smart

hospital designs are made in such a way as to improve

patient experience and reduce costs to get maximum

profit or results. Basic concept of Smart Hospital

(Figure 1) is a concept that emerged as a result of the

rapid digitization of the entire Health care industry

with the use of information technology as a key

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5622-9513

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4486-1810

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9954-0184

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1010-1872

enabler, especially the Internet of Things (IoT), data

analytics, personalized service availability, and

Artificial Intelligence (AI), as well as Cloud

Computing.

Figure 1: Smart Hospital Basic Concept.

Oktaﬁana, B., Anam, C., Putra, H. and Novitasari, F.

Solar Simulation to Realize the Concept of Smart Building at Ibnu Sina Regional General Hospital of Gresik.

DOI: 10.5220/0012111900003680

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Technology (ICATECH 2023), pages 195-204

ISBN: 978-989-758-663-7; ISSN: 2975-948X

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

195

Aimed at overcoming obstacles that allow

networks in different regions to still be connected and

used by several types of users simultaneously and

integrated, involving patient service integration,

stakeholder integration, and technology integration.

In addition, the emergence of Cloud Computing and

sensor awareness of infrastructure-architecture

methods, service-oriented architecture, software

delivery and development, are contributing factors to

the smart environment (Al-Fuqaha et al., 2015; Noor,

2017).

Ibnu Sina Regional General Hospital is located on

Jl. Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo No. 243B, Kembangan

Village, Kebomas District, Gresik Regency, East

Java. Geographically, Gresik Regency is located

between 112° to 113° East Longitude and 7° to 8°

South Latitude, is a lowland with an altitude of 2 to

12 meters above sea level. The PONEK Building and

the Emergency Room at the Ibnu Sina Hospital were

totally rehabilitated in 2015 due to an increased

workload on the PONEK and Emergency Room

service units. In 2020, this building is focused on

serving Covid-19 patients. The Emergency Room is

equipped with facilities, such as Radiology (CT scan,

General X Ray), Laboratory, Pharmacy/Pharmacy,

Blood Bank, Ambulance Service (Emergency

Ambulance, Transport Ambulance, Body

Ambulance), Central Surgery. The Emergency Room

is also equipped with equipment, including: Bed Site

Monitor, ECG, Difibrillator, Infusion Pump, Syringe

Pump, WSD, Suction Pump, Emergency Kit,

Ventilator, Infrant Warmer and Incubator.

Paper of Balocco (2011) as previous research

revealed that transient simulation using the FEM-

based CFD technique can be used to analyze the

efficiency, adequacy, and improvement of existing

HVAC systems equipped with VAVs. In this case, no

one else can provide input for handling air quality,

patient comfort, and energy consumption in building

operations. Other research (Kadaei et al., 2023) in

encouraging the realization of smart buildings that

also support sustainable development, it is necessary

to educate from a material perspective. This is

important due to challenges during the development

process in the form of "Errors in labor and errors

during execution."

1.1 Logical Architecture of

iotHEALTHCARE

To get a smart healthcare system with the previous

five components, it is recommended that

iotHEALTHCARE compile architectural logic as

shown in the picture below (Figure 2). Where each

iotHEALTHCARE component is discussed as a

feature. The main characteristics of each feature must

be maintained to carry out its duties.

Figure 2: Logical Architecture of iotHEALTHCARE.

The following are the characteristics of the five

features (Figure 2), namely: (1) Stability, real-time

sensor monitoring continuously requests stability for

data collection; (2) Continuity, interoperability

support for network intelligence requires continuity

to communicate with users, the internet, and between

each other; (3) Confidentiality, strong storage for

computing resources into cloud computing for

confidentiality of storing dynamic data; (4)

Reliability, big-data analysis asks for reliability to

turn dynamic data into valuable information; (5)

Efficiency, smart hospital asks for efficiency for

proper diagnosis and treatment. Building an IoT

application for iotHEALTHCARE requires

integrating five different features. If one of the

characteristics is missing, it can damage the

perfection of the features and turn into a worthless

system (Atzori et al., 2010).

To increase efficiency in health care and

biomedical, is one of the main goals in today's

modern life. Therefore, it is very important to provide

high-quality healthcare to patients and be able to

reduce healthcare-related costs, as well as address

staffing issues and shortages.

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196

Hospitals as organizations engaged in health

services require information technology support in

various operational aspects, especially in improving

services to patients.

Figure 3: Smart Hospital Concept.

Figure 4: Data Integration at Smart Hospital.

Solar Simulation to Realize the Concept of Smart Building at Ibnu Sina Regional General Hospital of Gresik

197

The government has made smart hospital one of

the national programs since 2017. This is stated in the

Republic of Indonesia’s Minister of Health

Regulation, No. 46, 2017, which consists of 7

components that determine the success of

implementing Smart Health, starting from

governance and leadership, strategy and investment,

services and applications, standards and

interoperability, regulatory infrastructure, policy and

policy compliance, and human resources.

Technology has opened a new dimension in the

Hospital service process and the administrative and

operational management required. With the support

of Hospital Information Technology, the Smart

Hospital concept can be created (Figure 3). Smart

Hospital is a smart concept adopted through hospice

services that focuses on optimizing patient care at the

hospital by using an internet-based information

technology system that supports the connectivity of

medical and non-medical equipment, so that it can

provide quality services and satisfy patients.

One of the goals of implementing the smart

hospital concept is to create an integrated system.

Integration intended in health services in hospitals

includes integration of patient services (referral

services between different health facilities),

stakeholder integration (hospitals as part of a health

service entity that needs to be supported by other

stakeholders, such as the Ministry of Health, Social

Security Administration Agency -Health, and other

institutions), and technology integration (Using

technology in integrating hospital management

information systems, integrated referral systems,

telemedicine, and so on) (Noor, 2017).

Smart Hospital is not only limited to the use of

technology in the services provided. But it also

integrates all service units in one unified work system

(Figure 4). This integration can encourage each unit

to provide quality and efficient services. The use of

technology, such as the Hospital Management

Information System (HMIS) allows service data to be

managed digitally. This digitization can speed up the

distribution of information and tasks, so that medical

and non-medical work in hospitals can be completed

more quickly.

2 METHODS

Building performance simulation (BPS) is crucial in

the design and operation of energy-efficient buildings

and/or communities (Hong et al., 2018). The smart

hospital itself is a product of smart building which has

3 key principles, namely: economy, energy, and

technology (Nugroho et al., 2020). Smart building

also supports the realization of green & eco building

in the framework of energy efficiency, which means

that environmental factors cannot be ruled out in its

design or operation (Badan Pengembangan

Infrastruktur Wilayah (BPIW), 2016; Hidayat, 2011;

Lizar, 2021).

Figure 5: Methods.

Architectural aspects and Smart system aspects in

buildings are integrated, to respond to environmental

elements, to find the concept of smart building as

follows (Figure 5): (1) Responsible, consisting of

Site, Building Shape, Space, and Facade; (2)

Optimaze, namely by SWOT analysis (SW =

Building Relating Nature/ Environment and OT =

Building Relating User); (3) Simulation; (4)

Automize, so that it can create a "STRATEGY"

which contains various smart systems, so that it can

finally create a "CONCEPT".

3 CASE STUDY OBJECT

In order to discuss the object of study, it must discuss

environmental aspects, users, and building of the Ibn

Sina Hospital building.

3.1 Solar

Ibnu Sina Hospital is located on Jl. Dr. Wahidin

Sudiro Husodo No. 243B, Kembangan, Klangonan,

Kec. Kebomas, Gresik Regency (Figure 6).

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198

Figure 6: Satellite image of the Ibn Sina hospital.

Figure 7: Solar Positioning.

With the condition of the northern site is the mall

icon, the East is the Airlangga University Nursing D3

Vocational School, the South is with government

offices, and the West is the entrance to the Gresik

Regent's office (Figure 7).

3.2 Temperature

Summer with average daily highs above 33°C with a

temperature range of 26°C - 34°C (Figure 8). Winter

average daily highs are below 32°C. With an average

temperature range throughout the year ranging from

25°C - 31°C.

Figure 8: Temperature data.

3.3 Wind

The average hourly wind velocity in Gresik

experience significant seasonal variations throughout

the year (Figure 9). The windiest season of the year

lasted 4.5 months, from 26 May to 12 October, with

average wind velocity of over 11.6 kilometers per

hour. The windiest month of the year in Gresik is

August, with average hourly winds of 14.4 Km/H.

The windier period of the year lasts 7.5 months, from

October 12 to May 26. The least windy month of the

year in Gresik is November, with average hourly

winds of 9.0 Km/H.

Figure 9: Wind velocity data.

3.4 Humidity

Basis comfort level humidity on the dew point, as this

determines whether sweat will evaporate from the

skin, cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier

and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike

temperatures, which usually vary widely between

night and day, dew points tend to change more

slowly, so while temperatures can drop during the

night, humid days are usually followed by humid

nights. The level of humidity felt in Gresik (Figure

Solar Simulation to Realize the Concept of Smart Building at Ibnu Sina Regional General Hospital of Gresik

199

10), as measured by the percentage of time in which

the comfort level of humidity is humid and hot,

stifling, or miserable, does not vary significantly

throughout the year, remaining within the range of

4% from 96%.

Figure 10: Humidity and its sense data.

3.5 Land Contours (Topography)

If viewed from the location of the site and the E-E

sectional images, it can be seen because it is in

lowland, the site has a flat contour. The location is

below 200 masl, this makes the contours and land

surface in the lowlands a location with flat and flat

land contours. Therefore, there is no cut and fill site

work methods, that seen on flat elevation of building

floor (Figure 11).

Figure 11: PONEK and Emergency Unit Building

Section Plan.

4 RESPONSIVE &

OPTIMALIZATION ON BUILT

ENVIRONMENT CONCEPT

In order to formulate the smart hospital's building

concept, one must understand how buildings respond

to the environment, both existing and alternative

ideas. The alternative ideas are formulated to

optimize building perimeter performance in response

to environmental factors. Strategic matters are also

formulated to be able to realize the concept of smart

hospital building (Table 1).

Table 1: SWOT Matrix of

smart Ibn Sina Hospital

building strategies.

S W

1. The orientation of

the building tends

to extend to the

North and West

(the basic shape

of the 'L' plan), so

that it has a fairly

large view from

the site/building.

2. Have active

openings as a

function of

natural air

entry/exit in

several spaces

that are directly

adjacent to the

outer space

3. The order of the

building masses is

oriented

(widened) to the

main road so that

it has a high value

in visual reach to

the site

4. Strategic site

location

5. Some buildings

with north-south

oriented openings

get indirect

natural li

ht.

1. During the day

has a high

ambient

temperature

which affects the

low thermal

comfort of the

building.

2. The majority of

building openings

that are oriented

west-east receive

direct natural

light and

experience glare

which risks

contributing to

high heat loads.

3. The facade of the

building has not

considered the

incoming natural

air filtration

system

4. Some of the

rooms are directly

adjacent to the

outer space—the

direction of the

provincial road

1. Many open land

areas without

pavement.

2. Facade walls in

the form of large

areas that

provide

opportunities for

façade play

3. Using an

artificial

ventilation

system &

technology that

has high

flexibility in

room

temperature

settings

4. The temperature

tends to be

comfortable

during the rainy

season

5. The wind

velocity is quite

high,

considering that

the environment

is not a densely

uilt area.

The application of

a healing

environment has

the potential to be

applied in the

healing process and

as a vista of the

interior spaces of

buildings that have

openings to the

north and south

sides of the outer

spaces (S1, S2, S5,

O1, O4)

Applying attractive

building facade

designs, especially

in large areas

and/or oriented to

protocol roads (S3,

S4, O2)

Using a building

facade/enclosure

composition

(opaque &

transparent) and

combining active

and dead openings,

which is able to

reduce heat

entering the

building and allows

passive cooling, in

order to reduce the

burden of artificial

ventilation devices.

(W2, O3, O5)

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200

S W

1. The orientation of

the building tends

to extend to the

North and West

(the basic shape

of the 'L' plan), so

that it has a fairly

large view from

the site/building.

2. Have active

openings as a

function of

natural air

entry/exit in

several spaces

that are directly

adjacent to the

outer space

3. The order of the

building masses is

oriented

(widened) to the

main road so that

it has a high value

in visual reach to

the site

4. Strategic site

location

5. Some buildings

with north-south

oriented openings

get indirect

natural li

ht.

1. During the day

has a high

ambient

temperature

which affects the

low thermal

comfort of the

building.

2. The majority of

building openings

that are oriented

west-east receive

direct natural

light and

experience glare

which risks

contributing to

high heat loads.

3. The facade of the

building has not

considered the

incoming natural

air filtration

system

4. Some of the

rooms are directly

adjacent to the

outer space—the

direction of the

provincial road

1. The thickness of

the building

causes natural

light to not

reach all spaces

2. Compartment of

space

exacerbates the

inability of

natural light to

reach all spaces

in the building

3. High ambient

temperature

during the dry

season adds to

the burden of

the artificial

ventilation

system

4. Shading against

rainwater (direct

& indirect) is

important,

especially

during the rainy

season

5. The wind carries

a number of

pollutants

considering that

Gresik is an

industrial area

6. Noise pollution

from the

direction of the

protocol road is

quite high

because it is a

rovincial roa

The composition of

the building

envelope must be

attractive and able

to minimize

visibility from

existing openings,

as well as allow

natural light to

refract into the

spaces in the

building, especially

in areas facing the

main road. (S1. S2,

T1, T2, T4)

The noise is high in

the room that

receives noise from

the provincial road,

it can be overcome

by indoor and

outdoor acoustics

which are able to

dampen outside

sounds and

function as a

natural air filter,

especially the

rooms in the north.

(W3, W4, P6)

Softscape elements

can be applied in

order to engineer

the microclimate as

well as a noise

barrier. (W1, P3,

P6)

The strategies resulted from the SWOT analysis

(Table 1) are then applied in the re-design process.

However, it is necessary to simulate the existing

condition of the building, in order to justify the level

of urgency of these strategies.

5 SOLAR SIMULATION

The simulation is carried out using web-based

software, to justify the accuracy of implementing the

strategies to realize the on-built environment

optimization concept. The simulation process time

was carried out at 08.00, 12.00, and 16.00 GMT+7.

During the coldest month, the area of the resulting

shadow tends to be wider than during the hottest

month. Because during the hottest month, the position

of the sun begins to be on the south side.A.

At the time of the Summer Solstice on December

22, the position of the sun is in the southern

hemisphere. From the results, it is known that the

resulting shadow area tends to be smaller and the heat

temperature is higher.

The actual building performance needs to be

compared with similar buildings equipped with

control solutions (Beguery et al., 2011). Building

simulations are presented as data interpretations

including thermal behavior, energy patterns, and

space placement patterns and behavior in order to

design input ideas that can be implemented such as

control by occupants and user demands (Fan et al.,

2021).

The control solution itself has 2 stages, passive

control (by optimizing the basic building design

parameters) and active control (with the involvement

of ME and AI). Table 2 will show the differences

before and after the treatment of the basic building

design parameters, in terms of sun exposure.

In the morning, the east wall is filled with red,

which means it receives the most heat, but the hot

temperature can still be tolerated. During the day, the

roof receives the most heat. So, the use of non-

concrete roofs is considered less effective, and also

because of the high hot temperatures.

In the afternoon, the west wall is filled with red,

which means it receives the most heat, and the high

temperature causes disruption of thermal comfort. It

can be reduced by providing vegetation in the form of

tall and shady trees (Table 2).

Solar Simulation to Realize the Concept of Smart Building at Ibnu Sina Regional General Hospital of Gresik

201

Table 2: Build environment shadowing.

Time,

Building

façade

orientation

Existing

Optimalization on Built

Environment Concept

Summer

Solstice

08.00 AM

GMT+7,

East

Summer

Solstice

08.00 AM

GMT+7,

West

Summer

Solstice

12.00 AM

GMT+7,

East

Summer

Solstice

12.00 AM

GMT+7,

West

Summer

Solstice

04.00 PM

GMT+7,

East

Summer

Solstice

04.00 PM

GMT+7,

West

Figure 12: Existing Emergency Unit façade consist of

walls, glasses window, and another opening.

Figure 13: Application of the facade in the VIP

Pavilion area.

The shape of the facade of the Ponek Building and

the Emergency Room (IGD) of Ibnu Sina Hospital is

based on the shape of the VIP pavilion building. The

application of form of a shield roof is used to respond

to tropical climates, especially during strong winds,

especially during the rainy season. Effective for

lowering rainwater when it falls.

6 BUILDING MECHANICAL AND

ELECTRICAL SUPPORT

To create a smart building concept in a building, at

first must be understand the Mechanical and

Electrical (ME) supports in the building.

Table 3: ME Support.

• System

electrical

System Sentral

medical gas

System firearm

Scope of

facilities for

plumbing and

drainage system

• Cubicle &

Instalment for

medium

voltage, 20

KVA

• Step-down

transformer

20 KVA/0.38

KVA

• Low voltage

main

distribution

anel,

• Oxygen

• Nitrous Oxide

• Vacuum/

Suction

• Compressed

Air, 4 bar & 7

bar, C4 & C7

• Medical Gas

Equipment:

a. Gas Station

for O2,

NO2,

com

ressor

• System

Hydrant for

outdoor dan

indoor

• Fire alarm and

detector

system

• Manual call

dan system

evacuation

• Portable fire

fighting

syste

• Supplee clean

water include

with system

pump, filter,

water

treatment,

installs

piping, dan

sanitary

fixtures (toilet

and medical

type)

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• System

electrical

System Sentral

medical gas

System firearm

Scope of

facilities for

plumbing and

drainage system

completed

with cable

• Outdoor dan

Indoor

Lightning &

power socket

outlet

installation

• Standby

generator set:

2x200 KVA

• Uninterrupted

power supply:

2x20 KVA

dan central

vacuum

unit

b. Instals

pipping

c. Outlets for

medical

gas system

d. Medical

gas support

system,

pendant,

etc

• Flushing

water supply,

kitchen,

laundry,

laboratory,

operation

theatre,

ICU/ICCU,

etc

• Water supply

PDAM

• Drainage

system for

flushing and

rainwater,

sewerage

system for

ware included

installation

and

ment

7 SMART HOSPITAL BUILDING

CONCEPT

Based on the results of the SWOT analysis and ME

supports, several input ideas for automation can be

drawn, namely: (a) Automation lightning: Circadian

light. The lighting control system adjusts the time of

day and night; (b) Ventilation Automation: Using AC

VRV to prevent excessive cooling, by using the

Thermostat Control; (c) Fire alarm and detector

systems; (d) Smart toilet: by using an automatic toilet

and; (e) Smart Curtain: to prevent solar radiation from

entering the building envelope; (f) Audio and visual

screen beside the patient's bed that is adjusted with

live streaming capabilities so that the patient's health

condition (real-time) and automation lighting; and (g)

Central Vacuum Cleaner: for high level of

cleanliness.

Figure 14: The concept of the Ibn Sina Hospital

Master Plan.

From this strategy and input ideas, the concept of

developing a hospital building with smart hospital

building values is "Affordable Smart Hospice Built

Environment for Variant Range of Users".

The concept formed is applied starting from the

building to the landscape of the Ibnu Sina Hospital

(Figure 14). The application of the concept to

buildings extends to the spaces within the building,

including inpatient rooms, pharmacies, and

registration rooms - waiting rooms.

Figure 15: Inpatient Room Interior Concept -

circulation area.

Figure 16: Inpatient Room Interior Concept - patient

bed area.

Figure 17: Pharmacy’s Area Interior Concept.

Solar Simulation to Realize the Concept of Smart Building at Ibnu Sina Regional General Hospital of Gresik

203

Figure 18: Registration Room and Waiting Room Interior

Concept.

8 CONCLUSIONS

The Smart Hospital design is made in such a way as

to improve the patient experience and reduce

expenses to get maximum profit or results. Smart

Hospital is a concept that emerged as a result of the

rapid digitization of the entire Health care industry

with the use of key enabling technologies, especially

the Internet of Things, data analytics, personalized

service availability, and Artificial Intelligence, as

well as Cloud Computing.

Intended to overcome obstacles that allow

networks from different regions to be connected and

used by several users simultaneously. In addition, the

emergence of Cloud Computing and sensor

awareness of infrastructure-architecture methods,

service-oriented architecture, software delivery and

development, and is a farkot contributing to the smart

environment. Building an IoT application for

iotHEALTHCARE requires integrating five different

features. If one of the characteristics is missing, it can

destroy the perfection of the features and turn into a

worthless system.

Therefore, it is very important to provide high-

quality healthcare to patients and be able to reduce

healthcare-related costs and overcome problems and

understaffing. Hospitals as organizations engaged in

health services require information technology

support in various operational aspects, especially in

improving services to patients.

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