Bandwidth Management Analysis Using Proxy Server-Based Method

Virtual Machine

Abdul Gafur

, Suherman

and Sawaluddin

Master of Informatics Program, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

Department of Mathematics, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

Keywords:

Bandwidth Management Analysis, Proxy Server-Based Method, Virtual Machine.

Abstract:

Bandwidth is the most important part of internet network trafﬁc. High bandwidth trafﬁc results in slow internet

access. This happens because internet users are increasing rapidly due to shifting habits in the technological

era where everyone uses the internet in every activity meaning communication, business, and learning as well

as expensive infrastructure to build proxy servers and bandwidth management. This problem arises within

the Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of North Sumatra in the lecture process because students often

access streaming services in the lecture process which makes bandwidth consumption greater. The steps taken

in overcoming this problem are to build a proxy cache and bandwidth management with the Per Connection

Queue (PCQ) algorithm. The analysis was carried out using the Wireshark application based on Quality of

Service (QoS) parameters of throughput, delay, jitter, packet loss, and efﬁciency as well as time differences.

The test was carried out by accessing the youtube, dikti, and Facebook pages at peak times. Based on the

analysis carried out, shows that there is a decrease in trafﬁc and increased efﬁciency by up to 58.02analysis

using Wireshark were carried out by monitoring the density experienced when searching so as to produce

values in the Throughput QoS Parameter of 1982k, Packet loss of 0.0of 0.0063 and total jitter -0.00328 with

an average jitter of -0.00021.

1 INTRODUCTION

Developments in the world of technology make the

need for internet access very high. Even today, the in-

ternet has been considered a basic necessity for both

personal and business in supporting work and infor-

mation exchange media (Akmala, 2019).

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact

on internet usage around the world. Due to social

distancing and remote work orders, many people are

forced to use the internet for various activities such

as working, studying, and communicating. Accord-

ing to data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS)

in 2021, the percentage of Indonesians who use the

internet is 62.10% in 2021 (Statistik, 2021). This in-

crease is driven by factors such as increased acces-

sibility and more affordable prices of technological

devices such as computers and smartphones, as well

as increased availability of internet networks both in

cities and in rural areas. This is inseparable from

the government’s efforts to increase the accessibility

and availability of the internet network throughout In-

donesia. Meanwhile, according to data from We Are

Social and Hootsuite in 2022 (Social, 2022), . there

has been an increase in the time spent by internet users

every day, the average time spent by internet users ev-

ery day is about 6 hours and 37 minutes. And the

most popular online activities in Indonesia are watch-

ing videos, browsing, and social media where this ac-

tivity results in the use of large bandwidth, causing

high trafﬁc.

Currently, the Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Uni-

versity of North Sumatra (FK-UISU) is experiencing

high network trafﬁc caused by the increasing use of

the internet in the teaching and learning process in the

campus environment. On the other hand, the frequent

access to video streaming services, video conferenc-

ing, and social media turned out to be a lot of burden

on the bandwidth of the faculty’s internet network, re-

sulting in campus services that use internet access be-

ing hampered. The way that can be taken in reducing

network performance decline is by doing bandwidth

management and proxy servers with cache features

in helping to ease large bandwidth loads (Tanwir and

118

Gafur, A., Suherman, . and Sawaluddin, .

Bandwidth Management Analysis Using Proxy Server-Based Method Virtual Machine.

DOI: 10.5220/0012444700003848

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Advanced Information Scientiﬁc Development (ICAISD 2023), pages 118-125

ISBN: 978-989-758-678-1

Affandi, 2017). On the other hand, expensive infras-

tructure and devices are obstacles in providing server

services in managing bandwidth and proxy caches. A

virtual machine can be used in setting up and man-

aging bandwidth and cache at a fraction of the cost

(Mohammad, 2021).

Based on the above background, to overcome the

large bandwidth consumption load, a bandwidth man-

agement mechanism, and proxy cache are needed to

help reduce the bandwidth consumption load in the

UISU medical school environment. The method pro-

posed in this study is to use a virtual machine-based

proxy server in optimizing stable, structured, and ef-

fective internet access to all clients.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Bandwidth Management

Bandwidth is a quantity to indicate how much data

can be passed in a connection over a network (Nasir

and Andrianto, 2018). Bandwidth is also called band-

width or information channel capacity, which is the

maximum ability of a tool to transmit information in

units of time (Eko, 2017). It is usually denoted as bits

per second (bps), or by some larger denomination of

bits, such as Megabits per second (Mbps) or Kilobits

per second (Kbps). It is now common for the word

bandwidth to be used more to measure digital data

streams (Iqbal and Tambunan, 2021).

2.2 Per Connection Queue (PCQ)

The Per Connection Queue (PCQ) algorithm is an al-

gorithm used for a large number of clients, this algo-

rithm adjusts the number of clients (Rifai, 2017). In

the Mikrotik operating system, the PCQ method is a

program to manage network trafﬁc on Quality of Ser-

vice (QoS) (Kusbandono and Syaﬁtri, 2019). Band-

width management that can be used or applied to the

client is the PCQ method. PCQ is used for bandwidth

management to improve system performance. PCQ

shares the bandwidth from the ISP with all users us-

ing the network at the same time. Each sub-queue has

a data rate limit based on PCQ and PCQ packet limit

(D. Iswadi and Munadi, 2019). The total size of the

PCQ queue should be smaller than the total limiting

PCQ packet how PCQ works with PCQ-rate parame-

ter = 0.

Figure 1: How PCQ Works.

2.3 Simple Queue

Simple Queue is a simple way to limit bandwidth

based on the client’s IP address, either download or

upload bandwidth. the simple queue is a queuing

technology in the bandwidth management system on

the proxy router. This queuing technique can be eas-

ily conﬁgured, and bandwidth allocation is the sim-

plest among other methods used to perform band-

width management (Arya, 2020).

2.4 Mikrotik

Mikrotik is an operating system specialized in han-

dling routing on computer networks (T. Rahman and

Nurdin, 2020). Mikrotik router is a hardware router

made by Mikrotik that runs the RouterOS system.

Mikrotik can be used as a Firewall, Routing, Hotspot

for plug-and-play access, remote Winbox GUI, and

Virtual Private Network (VPN) Mikrotik RouterOS

bandwidth type simple queue can control the through-

put or upload and download rate of each client on the

network (Ayubih and Kuswanto, 2021).

2.5 Quality of Service

Quality of Service is the ability to describe a level

of achievement in a data communication system

(Sarmah and Sarma, 2019). Quality of Service is

a network mechanism that allows an application or

service to operate on an implementation basis. The

goal of Quality of Service (QoS) is to use the same

infrastructure to meet different service requirements

(Jang and Lin, 2017). Performance refers to the speed

and reliability of sending different types of data loads

in communication. The following are some QoS pa-

rameters that are often used to measure network per-

formance, namely Throughput, Packet loss, Delay,

and Jitter (M. C. Breaban and Balan, 2018) (Wisesa,

2018).

2.6 Throughput

Throughput is the actual bandwidth measured at any

given time to transfer data. Unlike bandwidth, al-

though the unit is equal to bps, throughput also rep-

resents the actual bandwidth at a time and on certain

Bandwidth Management Analysis Using Proxy Server-Based Method Virtual Machine

119

conditions and networks used to download a ﬁle of a

certain size (Mukti and Dasmen, 2019). Throughput

can be divided into four categories according to the

TIPHON version (D. Iswadi and Munadi, 2019).

Table 1: Troughput.

Throughput Throughput Table of

Categories Contents

Perfect 100% 4

Good 75% 3

Medium 50% 2

Poor <25% 1

2.7 Packet Loss

Packet loss is a parameter used to describe a situa-

tion that represents the total number of packets lost

that may occur due to collisions and congestion on the

network . Collision and congestion will affect all ap-

plications, even if the bandwidth is sufﬁcient for the

application. The packet loss value according to the

TIPHON version is divided into four parts (D. Iswadi

and Munadi, 2019).

Table 2: Packet Loss.

Relegation Packet Index

Categories Loss

Perfect 0% 4

Good 3% 3

Medium 15% 2

Bad <25% 1

2.8 Delay

Delay is the time it takes to send data packets from

one computer to another. Delays in the process of

sending data packets on a computer network can be

caused by long queues or the use of other routes to

avoid route congestion (Sari and Sukri, 2018). De-

lays can be affected by distance, physical media, con-

gestion, or long processing times. According to the

TIPHON version, the magnitude of the delay can be

classiﬁed (D. Iswadi and Munadi, 2019).

2.9 Jitter

Jitter or delay variation is a change in delay or differ-

ence between the ﬁrst delay and the subsequent delay.

If the transmission delay changes too much, it will af-

fect the quality of the transmitted data. Jitter is a data

packet delay known as QoS which is very important,

Table 3: Delay.

Latency Delay Index

Category Amount

Perfect ¡150 ms 4

Good 150 – 300 ms 3

Medium 300 – 450 ms 2

Poor >450 ms 1

especially for real-time applications. There are four

categories of network performance reduction based

on jitter magnitude values according to the TIPHON

version (D. Iswadi and Munadi, 2019).

Table 4: Jitter.

Categories Jitter Index

Jitter Magnitude

Perfect < 0 ms 4

Good 0 – 75 ms 3

Medium 75 – 125 ms 2

Poor 125 – 225 ms 1

2.10 Wireshark

Wireshark is a software application used to be able

to view and try to capture network packets and try to

display all the information in the package in as much

detail as possible. Open Source from Wireshark us-

ing Graphical User Interface (GUI) (S. Sandhya and

Deep, 2017). Wireshark is used to view, capture,

and analyze data packets to help troubleshoot wireless

network administrators. It can also help capture traf-

ﬁc from the air and decrypt it into a format that helps

administrators to track down issues causing poor per-

formance, and intermittent connectivity using appro-

priate driver support (Jain and Anubha, 2021).

2.11 Squid

Squid is a high-performance proxy caching server for

web clients, which already supports FTP, gopher, and

HTTP data objects. Unlike the old caching software,

squid handles all nonblocking single requests and I/O-

driven processes. Squid supports SSL, lots of access

control, and full request logging (Wahyudi, 2017).

2.12 Virtual Machine (VM)

A virtual machine (VM) is a software engineer that

has the same functions as a physical computer. The

VM is a standalone operating environment that be-

haves as if it were a separate computer (Amarudin and

Yuliansyah, 2018). There are so many popular vir-

ICAISD 2023 - International Conference on Advanced Information Scientiﬁc Development

120

tualization technologies available such as VMWare,

VirtualBox, Parallels, QEMU, UML, and Xen (Naik,

2016).

3 METHOD

This research was conducted by bandwidth man-

agement using a virtual machine-based proxy server

method in optimizing bandwidth. The ﬂow of this

study is presented in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Research Flow Chart.

In Figure 2. There is a research ﬂow chart which

is an illustration of the research carried out along with

an explanation of the research ﬂow chart. The inter-

relationships of problem analysis, inputs, processes,

and outputs lie at the time of the process Optimizing

proxy server and simple queue methods. In the in-

put process, unﬁltered data collection is carried out,

and conﬁgures the system using the Per Connection

Queue (PCQ) algorithm which determines pcq upload

and download and allocates bandwidth in a simple

queue. In the process of research ﬂowchart, the proxy

server functions as a connection sharing, recording

the cache of the client and recapitulating the list of

content to be created.

The output results will be proven using the avg

rate parameter as well as using the Internet Con-

trol Message Protocol (ICMP) packet parameters

throughput, delay, jitter, and packet loss. Provides

effective bandwidth management improvements by

meeting TIPHON value standards and saving avail-

able bandwidth on the UISU Faculty of Medicine

campus.

The process in this study was carried out by build-

ing an external proxy server based on a virtual ma-

chine using the Debian operating system and Mikrotik

routers as a Quality of Service (QoS) using the PCQ

algorithm which is in apply it to a simple queue. The

topology used in this study is presented in Figure 3.

Bandwidth Management is a method used to man-

age and optimize various types of QoS (Quality of

Service) to determine various types of existing net-

Figure 3: Topology.

work trafﬁc. The proxy server is connection sharing

and caches the client. There is also a proxy caching

that will be done, namely, the browsing client com-

puter will be processed to the proxy to retrieve the re-

lated site that has been saved if the related site is not

in the proxy then it will be in the process of directly

fetching from the web server page, if the related site

is already on the proxy server then it can be directly

retrieved and then ﬁnished. As presented in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Flowchart Caching Proxy.

The analysis in this study was carried out based

on the following TX / RX speed test data and avg

rate values from Mikrotik OS in the queue, Trafﬁc

type data and the most frequently accessed by clients,

Data results from Internet Control Message Protocol

such as throughput, delay, jitter, and packet loss.

The analysis was performed using the Wireshark

application based on the standard formula of the

ICMP packet itself. The formula is as follows:

• Throughput

T hroughput =

Packet data sent

Data delivery time

X8 (1)

• Delay

Average delay =

Total Delay

Total packets received

(2)

• Jitter

Judging from the variation in the time delay in the

Bandwidth Management Analysis Using Proxy Server-Based Method Virtual Machine

121

Command Line Interface where the delay value

from time 1 to the following time is stable.

• Packet Loss

Packet loss = (Datasent − Datareceived)x100%

(3)

• Efﬁciency and Time Difference

The analysis in this study was carried out based

on the following TX / RX speed test data and avg

rate values from Mikrotik OS in the queue, Traf-

ﬁc type data and the most frequently accessed by

clients, Data results from Internet Control Mes-

sage Protocol:

E f =

(Be f ore cache − A f ter cache)

Be f ore cache

x100%

Di f f erence = (Be f orecacheA f tercache)

(4)

4 SIMULATION AND RESULTS

4.1 Proxy Server Conﬁguration

This research was conducted by building a virtual

machine-based proxy server by implementing the

squid3 application and the Debian operating system

with a memory capacity of 4 GB as a connection

sharing and storing cache from the client. The proxy

cache conﬁguration is presented in Figure 5.

Figure 5: Conﬁguring a Proxy Server with Squid3.

4.2 PCQ Conﬁguration

Meanwhile, bandwidth management is carried out us-

ing a Mikrotik router using the PCQ algorithm. Band-

width allocation is accomplished by using a Queue

List. In the Queue List we select the simple queue

tab, then click + (Add) Before starting to limit internet

bandwidth with Mikrotik, ﬁrst make sure how much

Internet bandwidth you get from the ISP you are us-

ing. So that later the Bandwidth value that is limited

does not exceed the Bandwidth allocation from the

ISP, and provides limitations to other users in accor-

dance with the Target-Address as happened in Figure

Figure 6: Target queue list.

4.3 Analyze with Wireshark

After conﬁguring the proxy server and bandwidth

management, an analysis is then carried out using the

Wireshark application to monitor data communica-

tion that can be seen from sources and destinations

that always exchange places with the protocol used as

shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7: Analyze with Wireshark.

Testing and analysis were performed using Qos

Throughput parameters, QOS Packet Loss Param-

eters, QOS Delay Parameters, and QOS Jitter Pa-

rameters. In the Troughtput QoS Parameter, testing

was carried out by accessing the youtube page where

the result of the Number of Bytes: Time Span was

247.75429851888 b, then multiplied by the Bytes Re-

sult where 8 is the Byte count, and resulting in 1982k

which is well categorized in the Tiphon formula. The

QoS Throughput catch is presented in Figure 8.

Figure 8: Capture File Throughput.

ICAISD 2023 - International Conference on Advanced Information Scientiﬁc Development

122

The next analysis is carried out based on the QOS

Packet Loss Parameter. A parameter used to describe

a situation that represents the total number of packet

losses that may occur due to collision and congestion

in the network of packet loss on 4 packet loss.

Figure 9: Capture Packet Loss.

Based on the analysis carried out through the

results in Figure 9, it is stated:

Packet loss :

Packet sent - Packet received:Packet sent *100

= (24647-24644):24647)*100

= (3:24644)*100

= 4 (0.0%)

In analyzing packet loss from the test results us-

ing Youtube states where the number of packets sent

– packets received divided by packets sent times 100

and based on the test results (0.0formula. The analy-

sis was carried out using a sample of 23 of 2501 to-

tal delays based on the capture of network trafﬁc that

was carried out so as to ﬁnd the total delay to deter-

mine the total jitter of the delay obtained. The delay

analysis obtained is presented in Table 5.

Table 5: Total QoS Delay.

No Time ... Delay ... Delay2

1 0 ... 0.000393 ... -0.00564

2 0.000393 ... 0.003677 ... 0.009011

3 0.00407 ... 0.009315 ... -0.00112

4 0.013385 ... 0.000304 ... -0.00417

... ... ... ... ... ...

23 0.076403 ... 0.00521 ... 0.006815

In Table 5, time1-time2 will produce a delay of 1,

from a delay of 1 minus a delay of 2, from a total delay

of 2501 delays resulting in a total delay of 15.925747

with an average delay of 0.0063.

The next analysis is carried out based on Jitter pa-

rameters by looking at the change in delay or the dif-

ference between the ﬁrst delay and the subsequent de-

lay. If the transmission delay changes too much, it

will affect the quality of the transmitted data. Jitter

is a data packet delay known as QoS which is very

important, especially for real-time applications. The

result of QoS with jitter parameters is presented in Ta-

ble 6.

Table 6: QoS Jitter.

No Time ... Delay ... Jitter

1 0 ... 0.000393 ... 0.002354

2 0.000393 ... 0.003677 ... -0.01465

3 0.00407 ... 0.009315 ... 0.010127

4 0.013385 ... 0.000304 ... 0.003057

... ... ... ... ... ...

23 0.076403 ... 0.00521 ... -0.00864

Based on the calculations presented in Table 6.

obtained delay1-delay2 will produce a jitter, from the

overall delay of the total capture ﬁle of 2501 delay

produces a total jitter of -0.00328 with an average

jitter of -0.00021. Furthermore, the test was car-

ried out based on the time parameter before using the

cache and after using the squid cache by accessing

the youtube page. Based on the analysis done to ac-

cess the youtube page before using the proxy cache

resulted in a time of 65.352 seconds. Meanwhile, af-

ter using the proxy cache, the time forged was 30,310,

resulting in a time difference of 35,042 seconds. The

test was carried out by accessing 3 pages, namely

youtube, dikti, and Facebook. Results based on ef-

ﬁciency and difference are presented in Table 7.

Table 7: Response Time Comparison Results.

URL Before After Diffe Efﬁ

Cache Cache rence ciency

Dikti 91.485 40.245 51.240 56.01%

Youtube 65.352 30.310 35.042 53.62%

Facebook 14.440 5.134 9.306 64.44%

Based on Table 7. above there is a difference

between URLs that are before being cached and af-

ter being cached, the difference is said to show ef-

ﬁciency numbers, efﬁciency numbers show 58.02re-

sponse time by an average of 58.02%.

5 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of the analysis carried out, it can

be seen that the proxy server has run according to the

wishes that the author expects and can access the in-

ternet, the client of this proxy server can also access

Bandwidth Management Analysis Using Proxy Server-Based Method Virtual Machine

123

the internet. For website blocks that have been de-

termined by the author, the proxy server can block

websites with the HTTP protocol, while for websites

that use the HTTPS protocol, proxies cannot block it

except all websites that use the HTTPS protocol are

also blocked. So in this study, the author only blocked

websites with the HTTP protocol, in this article, the

web was blocked http://www.youtube.com. Virtual

machines can be applied in building proxy servers and

are able to work optimally.

From the research, the test results using Wire-

shark were obtained with the density experienced

when searching so that the value determined based

on the rules using the packet loss value according to

the version TIPHON is divided into the four parts

QOS Throughput parameters of 1982k, Packet loss

of 0.0with an average of 0.0063 and total jitter of -

0.00328 with an average jitter of -0.00021. Testing

response time against sites using a squid proxy server

as a metadata cache can provide better response time

results than without using a proxy server with a vir-

tual machine.

Please note that ONLY the ﬁles required to com-

pile your paper should be submitted. Previous ver-

sions or examples MUST be removed from the com-

pilation directory before submission.

We hope you ﬁnd the information in this template

useful in the preparation of your submission.

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