The Interaction Between Leadership and Tolerance in Individual

Initiative

Ziyoda Abidova and Halima Jurayeva

National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Keywords Initiative, Leadership, Tolerance, Personality, Quality, Phenomenon.

Abstract This article elucidates the interrelation between leadership and tolerance as integral characteristics of

initiative. The leadership qualities outlined by E. Jarikov and E. Krushelnitsky, utilising the "Leader" method,

are interwoven with the extent of personal tolerance ascertained through Z.A. Abidova's "Self-assessment of

tolerance level" methodology. The authors categorised the study participants into two groups based on their

leadership traits; these groups, selected using statistical methods, were then compared with one another with

regard to their degree of tolerance, and the results of the analysis were put forth. The connection between

tolerance and leadership warrants further exploration, given that a high level of tolerance coupled with

moderate leadership qualities are crucial indicators of individual initiative.

1 INTRODUCTION

In today's rapidly advancing globalisation and

information processes, fostering individual initiative

has become a prime factor in societal prosperity.

Individual initiative is crucial for the growth of the

state, the effectiveness of interpersonal relations, and

ensuring material and spiritual stability. The

significance of personal initiative is epitomised in

President Sh.M. Mirziyoyev's words: "It would be

beneficial if everyone acted with a sense of initiative"

(Sh.M.Mirziyoyev 2019). In our country, special

focus is given to the development of a well-rounded

individual, and to the training of proactive,

competitive personnel.

According to R.S Nemov's "Dictionary of

Fundamental Psychological Concepts", "Initiative is

a characteristic of an individual that possesses the

capability and propensity to take initiative, that is, to

commence action, including without suggestion and

prior request. Initiative is the capacity of an individual

to become an independent volunteer" (2, 660).

Initiative is defined by autonomous goal setting and

the self-governed organisation of actions to attain

these objectives. The qualities of initiative ought to be

ingrained in every person and should be cultivated

from the earliest stages.

The socio-psychological exploration of the

phenomenon of personal initiative, and the

establishment of a mechanism for its manifestation,

constitutes one of today's most pressing matters.

Studies aimed at discerning the role of tolerance in

facilitating the individual's socialisation within

society (Abidova Z.A., Djalalov U.D. 2019), and

investigating tolerance as a foundation for the

integration process, have found that individual

initiative is crucial (Abidova Z.A., Juraeva H.A.). It

has also been examined as a determinant of an

individual's leadership trait and initiative motivation

(Frese, M., Teng, E., & Wijnen, C. J. D. 1999).

Contemplating initiative, M. Frese underscored that

objectives in an enterprising person should not be

imposed or assigned by others, but rather the

individual should formulate them independently

(Stogdill R.M. 2004).

Discussing the attributes of an enterprising

individual, one cannot overlook the requisite qualities

of leadership and tolerance for demonstrating

initiative. While leadership attributes are vital for

societal management, tolerance is the ability to accept

and adapt to society as it is. Given the necessity for

an entrepreneur to exhibit both leadership and

tolerance, an investigation into the extent of

interrelation between these two crucial qualities can

aid in identifying the determinants of initiative.

Firstly, in response to "what exactly is tolerance?

Abidova, Z. and Jurayeva, H.

The Interaction Between Leadership and Tolerance in Individual Initiative.

DOI: 10.5220/0012481000003792

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 1st Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies (PAMIR 2023), pages 167-170

ISBN: 978-989-758-687-3

167

Why is it needed?" - tolerance derives from the Latin

word tolerance, signifying patience, acceptance of

other people's lifestyles, attitudes, habits, feelings,

opinions, ideas, and beliefs. Tolerance is of immense

importance in today's world. The globalisation and

further mobilisation of the economy, the swift

development of communications, integration and

interdependence, large-scale migration, and the

enhanced importance of tolerance in other societies

will continue to grow. The principle of tolerance

implies the renouncement of bigotry, the absoluteness

of truth, and upholds the regulations stipulated in

international human rights law. According to this

principle, everyone is free to practice his or her

beliefs, and all must recognise that others have the

same right. One person’s views cannot be forcibly

assimilated to others. Tolerance must be

demonstrated by individuals, groups, and states. To

fully endorse tolerance, UNESCO adopted the

Declaration of Principles of Tolerance (November 16,

1995). The example of Uzbekistan showcases societal

tolerance towards diverse peoples, nations and

religions. Collaboration amongst different categories

of people, political forces and parties, inter-ethnic

harmony, inter-religious tolerance is one of the key

factors of social development in our country.

Uzbekistan is home to more than 130 nationalities

and ethnic groups. For centuries, there have been no

national conflicts amongst them, demonstrating the

enduring tolerance of our people. Consequently, we

decided to conduct research to ascertain the

relationship between leadership qualities and

tolerance in an individual. Hitherto, the psychological

characteristics of leadership (Levin K., Blake R.,

Mouton J., Likert K., Berulava G.A., Rusalinova

A.A., etc.), personal and behavioural characteristics

of the leader (Kurachinova Yu.L., Sosland A.I.) have

been studied. The peculiarity of leadership issue

studies is that they are primarily related to political

(Evtikhov O.V) or management (Yaroshevsky M.G,

Rozanova V.A, etc.) matters. In the early twentieth

century, a considerable amount of experience was

accumulated in the development of leadership (Arkin

E.A., Zalujnyy A.C., Makarenko A.C. and others).

Leadership refers to the process of social influence,

where the leader solicits the voluntary participation of

others in the attainment of organisational goals

(Shrizayn) or manifests as the process of influencing

the activities of a group to achieve goals (Stogdill

R.M) (Kurt Levin).

2 METHODS

A total of 145 second- and third-year psychology

students from the faculty of social sciences

participated in the study. In order to ascertain the

leadership skills of the participants, the "Leader"

method developed by E. Jarikov and E. Krushelnitsky

was employed. This method aids in determining the

level of an individual's leadership qualities, such as

communicative, ideological, demanding, persuasive,

and submissive (8). To measure the level of tolerance,

Z.A. Abidova's methodology "Self-assessment of

tolerance level" was utilised. This method aims to

establish the level of an individual's tolerance,

enabling the identification of emotional, cognitive

and behavioural components of tolerance, and, based

on them, diagnose levels of general, moderate, and

high tolerance.

The study participants were bifurcated into two

groups according to the demonstration of leadership

characteristics: group 1 - those with high leadership

qualities, and group 2 - those with low leadership

qualities. These two groups were then compared

according to their tolerance level. Mathematical

statistical analysis was carried out using software

such as "MS Excel", "SPSS-22", and "Statistica 6.0".

The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine

the distribution pattern of the obtained samples, and

numerous values were found to be p<0.05. Given that

variables diverge from the standard distribution, non-

parametric tests were employed for analysis:

comparison of results from the two groups was

conducted using the Mann-Whitney U-test, and

correlation analysis was carried out using the

Spearman rank correlation coefficient r

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Participants scoring between 36 and 41 using the

"Leader" method were deemed to have a high level of

leadership.

This suggests that these individuals exhibit

significant leadership qualities, possess effective

management skills, and can easily sway a group

towards their own ideas. Those scoring between 0 and

35 were found to have a low level of leadership,

which conversely suggests a propensity to follow the

lead of individuals demonstrating stronger leadership

qualities. In our study, 37% of participants achieved

an average score of 37.4 points, indicating a high

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level of leadership. For the remaining 63% of

participants, the average score was 28.5, which

suggests a lower level of leadership according to the

scale. The study participants were divided into two

groups based on these leadership scores (figure 1).

Figure 1: Demonstration of leadership qualities in research participants

Figure 2: Leadership traits and tolerance ratio

As can be discerned from the first figure, the study

participants were categorised into two groups based

on their display of leadership traits: those with

pronounced leadership traits (Group 1) and those

exhibiting low to moderate leadership traits (Group

2).

Utilising the Tolerance Assessment method,

participants could achieve scores ranging from 0 to

10 points. Those who scored between 0 and 5.5 are

considered to have a low level of tolerance, a score of

5.6-8.5 indicates an average level of tolerance, while

those scoring between 8.6 and 10 points are deemed

to have a high level of tolerance.

The levels of tolerance found among our study

participants are presented in the following figure

(figure 2). As evident in the second figure, among the

participants in the first group, who display strong

leadership traits, 33% exhibit low tolerance, 44%

demonstrate moderate tolerance, and 22% show high

tolerance. In the second group of participants, who

have low leadership, 18% exhibit low tolerance, 40%

demonstrate moderate tolerance, and 42% display

The Interaction Between Leadership and Tolerance in Individual Initiative

169

high tolerance. Initial results suggest that the majority

of those with low tolerance levels exhibit strong

leadership, while those with high tolerance,

conversely, display low levels of leadership. To

ascertain the reliability of these results, a comparison

of the two groups was performed using the Mann-

Whitney U-test. According to the analysis, no

significant difference exists between the two groups

(U = 331.0; p> 0.05).

In line with the Spearman's rank correlation

coefficient r

methodology, the results of the

correlation analysis showed no discernible

correlation between the manifestation of leadership

traits and the degree of tolerance (Rs = 0.053; p>

0.05).

4 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, tolerance was low in the majority of

participants with high leadership traits and high in

participants with low leadership traits. The fact that

such feedback obtained from the study was not at the

level of statistical significance indicates the need for

a broader study of tolerance and leadership qualities

as determinants of initiative. We hypothesise that

individuals demonstrating initiative may also have a

high level of tolerance. This is because such

individuals are more likely to be considerate towards

others and devise diverse solutions to facilitate their

lives, in comparison to those who are predominantly

leaders. Numerous literary sources suggest a

correlation between leadership and initiative.

However, certain differences were observed when it

came to demonstrating exact levels of tolerance.

Undoubtedly, we aim to delve deeper into research in

this area in our future work.

REFERENCES

Sh.M.Mirziyoyev (2019) “Five important initiatives”

20.03.2019

Abidova Z.A., Djalalov U.D. (2021) Tolerance as a factor

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scientific and practical conference “European scientific

discussions” (August 15-17, 2021) Potere della ragione

Editore, Rome, Italy. 2021.- Р.171-175.

Abidova Z.A., Djalalov U.D. (2019) Tolerance of

personality is the basis of integrated processes. //

Public-scientific journal “Pravovestnik”.- g.Ufa. - № 2

(13) 2019. - S.25-27.

Abidova Z.A., Juraeva H.A. The relationship between

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Current Issues of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(2),

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https://psixologiya.org/socialnaya/obshheniya/2277-

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