The Role of Individual-Typological Characteristics in the Process of

Family Adaptation of Young Brides

D. K. Arapbaeva

1,2

Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Keywords: Family, Bride, Adjustment, Temperament, Extraversion, Introversion, Neuroticism.

Abstract: This research explores the role of individual-typological characteristics in young brides' family adaptation.

Psychological adaptation is viewed as an individual's adjustment to a group, society, and environment, with

social adaptation divided into society (macro-environment), social group (micro-environment), and the

individual (internal adaptation). The study involved 50 Kazakh and 50 Uzbek brides from the Konimekh and

Navbahor districts respectively. The analysis utilized G.Eysenck's methodology, identifying four types of

temperament: stable-introvert (phlegmatic); unstable-introvert (melancholic); stable-extrovert (sanguine) and

unstable-extrovert (choleric). Current scientific schools suggest assessing temperament through multiple

characteristics, leading us to adopt terms directly expressing these.

1 INTRODUCTION

The issue of social adaptation is a crucial facet of

psychological research, as psychological adaptation

is perceived as a process of harmonising an individual

with a group, society, and environment. Social

adaptation is categorised into three levels: society

(macro-environment), social group (micro-

environment), and the individual (internal

adaptation).

At the societal level, an individual's social adjustment

is analysed in the context of socio-economic,

political, and spiritual societal growth. This

perspective aids in understanding the learning

motives at the social group level and identifying

disparities in the interests of the individual and the

social group (work team, family, etc.). An

individual's internal adaptation seeks to achieve

harmony, a balanced internal position, and self-

assessment by the standpoint of others.

Researchers including E.P. Belinskaya (Belinskaya

E.P., 2001), I.K. Kryajeva (Kryazheva I.K., 1983),

O.A. Tikhomandritskaya (Belinskaya E.P., 2001)

have examined the micro and macro social

environment levels of socio-psychological

Corresponding author

adjustment. F.B. Berezin (Berezin F.B., 1988), A.A.

Nalchandjyan (Nalchadzhyan A.A., 1988), among

others, have outlined psychological adaptation as the

process of establishing optimal compatibility of the

individual and the environment, which permits

adapting behaviour to environmental requirements

while meeting individual needs and achieving

significant associated goals.

Psychological adaptation is further explained by

several psychologists as the person's adaptation in

societal formation, in line with societal demands and

personal needs. Based on various criteria, researchers

such as L.A. Gordon (Gordon L.A., 1998), G.G.

Diligensky (Stefanenko T. 1999), M.A. Shabanova

(Shabanova M.A., 2001) identify different types and

forms of adaptation, categorised as "voluntary" and

"compulsory", "negative" and "positive". Adaptation

can also be differentiated into active and passive,

constructive and destructive forms.

I.G. Zaynishev (Zainyshev I.G., 2002) splits social

adaptation into the following stages:

1. The initial stage - the adapting individual learns

only behavioural rules but does not internalise the

system of social values.

Arapbaeva, D.

The Role of Individual-Typological Characteristics in the Process of Family Adaptation of Young Brides.

DOI: 10.5220/0012482800003792

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 1st Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies (PAMIR 2023), pages 203-207

ISBN: 978-989-758-687-3

203

2. Patience - acknowledges the equivalent value of the

social environment's behavioural basis and the

individual in their reciprocal relations.

3. Acclimatisation - associated with mutual

concessions, the individual recognises and accepts

the value system of the environment.

4. Complete adaptation - the individual forsakes

previous patterns and values and fully adopts new

ones.

Hence, the principal source of psychological

adjustment is the interaction between the individual

and society, with the implementation mechanism

being the alignment of the individual's internal needs,

foundations, and objectives with societal

requirements.

Adaptation, with its various expressions, can be

considered in terms of its qualitatively specific

structural components. These could be broader, such

as the individual's interaction with their environment,

or more focused, such as their interaction with the

specific characteristics of their social environment.

This can encompass the acquisition of new group

norms and values, their attitude towards them, and it

could cover specific actions related to the

development of attitudes, mastery of interpersonal

relationships, activity systems, the degree of their

participation in activities and relationships, and the

challenges of realising personal potential.

Furthermore, the aim of this study is to highlight the

significance of individual-typological characteristics

of young brides in their adjustment to a new family,

as these characteristics can influence the adaptation

process.

2 EXPERIMENTAL PART

In our research, the Eysenck questionnaire was

utilised to determine the individual-typological traits

of our participants. This questionnaire comprises 57

questions; respondents are instructed to answer "yes"

to acceptable questions and "no" to unacceptable

ones. The test includes scales for "neuroticism",

"extraversion", "introversion", and "lying", and one

of its strengths is the feasibility of carrying out both

group and individual studies.

Extraversion signifies an ability to swiftly engage in

communication and an orientation towards the

external world. Extraverts are forthright, often

expressing their opinions openly. They relish social

interactions and tend to participate actively in various

events, often seeking to be the centre of attention.

Contrarily, introversion denotes a consistent focus on

one's inner world. Introverts usually keep their

emotions and thoughts to themselves, preferring

solitary activities like reading or household tasks to

boisterous gatherings.

Neuroticism, as reflected in the scale, is an indicator

of emotional stability or instability. High scores

suggest a proclivity towards negative experiences,

such as heightened anxiety and low self-esteem. It can

manifest in the form of mental instability, high

excitability, and heightened tension.

The lie scale should not exceed four points. If a

respondent scores five or more, the veracity of their

responses comes into question, suggesting a possible

attempt to appear more favourable to others or gain

societal acceptance.

Participants with scores between 0 and 12 on both the

extraversion-introversion and neuroticism scales are

categorised as stable introverts. These individuals are

typically careful and reflective, prioritising cautious

and thoughtful behaviour. They tend not to initiate

activities and display traits of calmness, trust, and

control over their actions.

If a participant scores between 0 and 12 on the

extraversion-introversion scale and between 12 and

24 on the neuroticism scale, they are classified as

unstable introverts. These individuals are deeply

introspective and sensitive but often conceal their

feelings. They tend to be reticent, reflective, and

pessimistic about the future. Their interactions are

typically minimal and guarded, and they struggle with

establishing easy communication with others.

If the extraversion-introversion scale is from 12 to 24,

and neuroticism is from 0 to 12, then such an

examinee is included in the stable-extravert type.

Stable extroverts are quick to communicate and can

be the "heart" of any team. It's easy to tell if stable-

extroverts have a change in mood just by looking at

their faces. They are sometimes very active. They

start every job with interest, but they may not always

finish it. Everywhere they like to be the leader. They

boldly defend their opinions. Stable extroverts are

often cheerful and can quickly and easily adapt to

situations.

If extraversion-introversion is between 12 and 24 and

neuroticism is between 12 and 24, then the subject is

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considered to belong to the unstable-extravert type.

Unstable-extrovert is characterized by sensitivity,

activity. He likes to dominate others, if he doesn't like

something, he can immediately tell someone about it.

His mental state and processes change quickly it is

easy to lose his temper. When he is angry, he doesn't

know anyone, he can take someone's pain from

another. He always looks to the future with hope.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In our study, we employed G. Yu. Eysenck's

questionnaire on 'Determining Extraversion-

Introversion and Neuroticism' (Practical psycho-

diagnostics methods and tests. (1998).) to gauge the

extent to which individual typological characteristics

of young brides influence the process of family

adaptation. A total of 100 respondents participated in

our research.

According to this methodology, we discovered that

40% of brides in Kazakh families and 24% of brides

in Uzbek families can be classified as stable

extroverts (Figure 1). These individuals exhibit

typical sanguine temperament traits as defined by

Eysenck's typology. They are energetic, agile, and

sociable, capable of swiftly and efficiently navigating

challenging situations. Additionally, they

demonstrate entrepreneurial traits and display a rapid

adaptation to new environments.

Figure 1: Indicator of the results obtained in the identification of individual-typological characteristics of brides

In our study, we found that 16% of daughters-in-law

in Kazakh families and 38% in Uzbek families

exhibited characteristics of the unstable extravert

type, that is, the choleric temperament within

Eysenck's typology. These individuals are typically

characterised by enthusiasm, determination,

ambition, abundant energy, swift and passionate

action, and leadership skills. Although they hail from

the Jizzakh region, they do not harbour resentment.

We also discovered that 34% of brides in Kazakh

families and 30% in Uzbek families belonged to the

stable introvert type, displaying traits common to the

phlegmatic temperament. These individuals tend to

be deliberate, restrained and reticent, thinking

carefully before taking action, and are generally

reliable, patient, resistant, and slow in their reactions.

When engaging with others, they adapt slowly and

find it challenging to adjust to a new psychological

environment.

Further, we observed that 10% of brides in Kazakh

families and 8% in Uzbek families exhibited traits of

the unstable introvert type, namely, the melancholic

temperament. Owners of this temperament type are

typically characterised by shyness, low engagement,

high impressionability, a tendency towards fantasy,

instability, indecisiveness, occasional tearfulness,

low self-esteem, and a lack of self-confidence.

The results derived from the neuroticism scale of this

methodology are presented in the following table

(Table 1):

The Role of Individual-Typological Characteristics in the Process of Family Adaptation of Young Brides

205

Table 1: Results obtained on the neuroticism scale in subjects (%).

Families Low level Average level High level Very high level

№ Persons % Persons % Persons % Persons %

Brides of

Kazakh

families

(n=50)

12 24 21 42 10 20 7 14

Brides of

Uzbek

families

(

n=50

)

14 28 18 36 13 26 5 10

According to the table, 24% of brides from Kazakh

families and 28% of brides from Uzbek families

achieved low scores on the neuroticism scale. These

percentages suggest that these brides are

characterised by tranquillity, equilibrium, self-

assurance, and resolution. Meanwhile, 42% of brides

from Kazakh families and 36% of brides from Uzbek

families exhibited a medium level of neuroticism.

The neuroticism scale was high for 20% of daughters-

in-law in Kazakh families and 26% of daughters-in-

law in Uzbek families. Very high levels of

neuroticism were found in 14% of brides from

Kazakh families and 10% of brides from Uzbek

families. It emerged that these individuals showed

imbalance, emotional instability, self-doubt,

irritability, mood swings, as well as elevated levels of

anxiety and indecisiveness in their

neuropsychological processes.

Common adaptive traits encompass the ability to

collaborate, communicate, empathise and understand

others both emotionally and rationally, along with

self-control and self-awareness. According to the

author, the development of these skills determines the

success of familial-marital adjustment (Sysenko V.A.

(1993).). Based on this perspective, we attempted to

ascertain the correlation between the results of the

Eysenck questionnaire and the outcomes of the

"Social-psychological adjustment" methodology of

K. Rodgers and R. Diamond (Arapbaeva D.K). The

results of the mathematical-statistical analysis

suggested that brides categorised as stable extravert

and unstable extravert types demonstrated higher

levels of adaptation. These results align with the

views of Professor G.B. Shoumarov, a doctor of

psychology (Shoumarov G'.B. (2008). However, the

correlation analysis did not reveal a reliable

relationship between extraversion-introversion scores

and adjustment level. Moreover, it was discovered

that the complexity of the adaptation process leads to

a higher level of neuroticism.

Additionally, in the opinion of Doctor of Psychology

and Professor V.M. Karimova (Karimova V.M.,

2009), the adaptation of the bride to the new family

environment is quick and easy for some, while others

struggle to acclimatise even after years. This will

depend on the quality of balance in her psyche.

According to M. Kabakova and M. Maulsharif

(Kabakova M., 2013), who selected Kazakh families

and Russian families living in Kazakhstan as a control

group, the specific characteristics of interpersonal

relations within these families were studied and

ethno-psychologically compared. This also included

the study of the social roles of husbands and wives.

The socio-psychological characteristics of young

women's adaptation to family life were examined in

the studies conducted by R.S. Razakova, a Doctor of

Philosophy (PhD) in Psychological Sciences

(Razakova R.S., 2021).

This (Razakova R.S., 2021) study indicates that there

are gender differences in interpersonal relationships

within the family, which can negatively impact the

success of family life in the following instances:

- Within the realm of communication: Men argue that

women's ability to listen is inadequate, while women

underline that they struggle to articulate men's

thoughts and feelings;

- Both men and women highlight a deficiency in the

ability to effectively resolve conflicts;

- When assessing men's personal qualities, women

noted that they are prone to various habits,

emotionally insensitive, jealous, and not sufficiently

reliable.

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Moreover, there are numerous psychologists in

Uzbekistan - including M.G. Davletshin (Davletshin

M.G. (1993), E.G. Goziev (Uzakov H., G'oziev E.G.,

1992), M.M. Mamatov (Mamatov M.M., 1999), R.S.

Samarov (Samarov R.S., 1997), T.B. Norimbetov

(Practical psycho-diagnostics methods and tests.,

1998), and others - whose research primarily focuses

on familial-marital relations, the preparation of young

people for family life, and interpersonal relations.

These works hold considerable scientific potential

within the field of psychology.

4 CONCLUSION

Firstly, stable-extraverted and unstable-extraverted

brides exhibit higher rates of adjustment. However, a

correlational analysis did not reveal a substantial

relationship between scores of extraversion-

introversion and levels of adjustment. It was also

discovered that the intricacy of the adaptation process

contributes to an increased level of neuroticism.

Secondly, both objective and subjective factors

influence an individual's process of adaptation to a

new environment. Objective factors exert an

independent effect on a person's mentality and

desires. Conversely, subjective factors are

intrinsically linked to the individual-typological

characteristics of a person. In this regard, the social-

psychological environment and individual-

typological characteristics are incomparable in the

bride's adaptation to her new family.

Thirdly, it is necessary for practical psychologists to

carry out educational activities aimed at young

women about the importance of psychological

preparation for family life. They should diagnose

their readiness for marriage, individual-typological

characteristics, and levels of communication skills

using reliable methods. Moreover, they should

undertake measures to eliminate psychological

factors that could potentially threaten future familial

harmony.

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