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gases detected. Higher concentrations of smoke or
gas leads to an increase in the output signal, while
lower concentrations result in a decrease in signal
strength. In areas where there is a potential risk of
smoke or combustible gases, this analog output can
be further processed or utilized in conjunction with
microcontrollers or other electronic devices to trigger
alarms, activate safety features, or assess the air
quality.
3.2 Discussions
In the realm of fire suppression, innovative solutions
tailored specifically for electric vehicles (EVs) are
emerging. These solutions encompass various
methods such as foam, inert gases, water mist, and
even solid-state extinguishing substances. In
comparison to traditional fire suppression systems,
these cutting-edge technologies offer numerous
advantages, including enhanced effectiveness in
extinguishing battery fires, reduced environmental
impact, and simplified installation and maintenance
processes. The integration of fire suppression
systems with other vehicle safety features is a
possibility in the future. This could involve
combining them with existing safety mechanisms like
airbags and battery management systems. Such
connectivity would enable the fire suppression
system to activate automatically in the event of a fire
or be manually triggered by the driver or passenger
during emergency situation (Wang, 2002).
As EV technology continues to gain wider
adoption, it becomes imperative to establish new
criteria for EV fire safety. These standards must
account for the diverse range of fire suppression
devices available and consider the unique
characteristics of EV batteries. By doing so, it is
ensured the utmost safety and protection as electric
vehicles become more prevalent on the roads.
4 CONCLUSION
After conducting an extensive review of various
literature papers and developing an automatic fire
extinguisher system for electric vehicles, the study
arrives the conclusion that the designed model
exhibits excellent capabilities in detecting and
extinguishing fires. Moreover, it can be seamlessly
integrated into production electric vehicles, thereby
significantly reducing the occurrence of electric
vehicle fire accidents. The inclusion of infra-red
flame sensors and MQ2 smoke sensors ensures a
swift response to battery fires. In the event of a fire,
these sensors will promptly trigger the fire
extinguisher system and alarm, effectively containing
the fire's spread, minimizing component damage, and
reducing the risk of explosions. The alarm system
serves as a crucial warning mechanism, alerting riders
and bystanders to evacuate to a safe distance before
any potential dangers escalate. To ensure continuous
monitoring of battery temperature, a temperature
sensor module is incorporated. In situation where
battery's temperature exceeds a certain threshold,
indicating a high likelihood of fire or explosion, the
system takes preventive measures. It immediately
disconnects the battery from circuits and charging to
prevent any potential fire, and the cooling system is
activated to mitigate temperature rise (Yang, 2018).
In the literature, Advanced vehicle diagnostics
(AVD) was mentioned as the most efficient fire
extinguishing agents for lithium-ion battery fires,
though a complexion in design, intended not to
include them in this field of study. Also, several
reasons integrated for excluding AVD in design for
eliminating increasing complexity, programming
requirements, and associated component costs.
Nonetheless, the designed system with its array of
sensors and fire extinguishing mechanisms is proven
to be highly effective and addresses the critical need
for enhanced fire safety in electric vehicles.
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