Digitalization of Executive Support Systems for Business and
Employee Performance: Analysis of the Quality of Information
System and Ease of Use of Information System
Ronald Parulian
1
, Bobby Reza
1
, Imam Suryono
2
, Muhammad Junaid Kamaruddin
1
and Martin Purnama Chandra
3
1
Digital Business Department, Faculty of Economic Business and Social Science,
Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta, Indonesia
2
Management Department, Faculty of Economic Business and Social Science,
Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta, Indonesia
3
International Relations Department, Faculty of Economic Business and Social Science,
Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta, Indonesia
Keywords: Ease of Use of Information System, Quality of Information System, Executive Support System for Business,
Digitalization, Employee Performance.
Abstract: This article aims to examine the relationship between various variables to identify potential solutions. The
research method used is qualitative, involving the analysis of published journals. Out of the five factors
reviewed, three are independent variables, the ease of use of information systems, information system user
satisfaction, and quality of information system. The executive support system for business is considered the
intervening variable, while employee performance is the dependent variable. The analysis of twenty published
journals concludes that the independent variables have a positive and significant impact on employee
performance. The literature review suggests that businesses should take all factors into account to improve
employee performance.
1 INTRODUCTION
This article aims to investigate the impact of
information systems on employee performance in
companies. Information systems are crucial for
managing data and information, conducting business
analysis, and supporting decision-making processes
that are more accurate and efficient. The quality of
information systems and ease of use of information
systems are important factors that can improve
employee performance. Easy access to information
helps to increase work efficiency, and employee
satisfaction can increase motivation to use
information systems in their work. The quality of
information systems relates to the accuracy of
information used for the business day-to-day.
Moreover, the use of executive support systems
(ESS) for businesses can provide executives with the
necessary information and business analysis for
strategic decision-making, leading to a competitive
advantage for the company. Therefore, this research
aims to investigate the impact of ease of use of
information systems, user satisfaction, and ESS on
employee performance, to identify factors that can
improve both employee performance and company
profits. (Sistem Informasi Manajemen 2 (Ed.10) -
Google Buku, n.d.).
Traditional wisdom holds that executive support
is crucial for maximizing the benefits of information
technology (IT). However, questions remain about
the specific form this support should take. Is it simply
a matter of executives actively participating in IT
initiatives, or is there a more nuanced psychological
state at play? This article explores these questions by
examining two competing models of executive
support:
Executive participation: This model focuses on
the CEO's direct involvement in IT activities, such as
attending meetings, making decisions, and allocating
resources. Executive involvement: This model
emphasizes the CEO's psychological state, including
their beliefs about the importance of IT, their vision
Parulian, R., Reza, B., Suryono, I., Kamaruddin, M. and Chandra, M.
Digitalization of Executive Support Systems for Business and Employee Performance: Analysis of the Quality of Information System and Ease of Use of Information System.
DOI: 10.5220/0012581400003821
Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
In Proceedings of the 4th International Seminar and Call for Paper (ISCP UTA ’45 JAKARTA 2023), pages 311-318
ISBN: 978-989-758-691-0; ISSN: 2828-853X
Proceedings Copyright © 2024 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda.
311

for its use within the organization, and their
commitment to its success. The article presents
findings from a study that surveyed CEOs. The results
suggest that executive involvement, rather than active
participation, is more strongly associated with a
company's progressive use of IT. Several factors
influence executive involvement: CEO participation:
While not directly tied to successful IT
implementation, CEO involvement can shape their
understanding of IT and foster a more supportive
environment. Organizational conditions: The overall
culture and structure of the organization can impact
how readily executives embrace IT (Zuleha, A.
2022).
Interestingly, the study found that while CEOs
generally held positive views on the importance of the
Executive Support System. Digitalization of the
executive support system will help the top level gain
more information regarding the operations and
employee performance.
Digitalization executive support system is the
main concern of the article. It was found that a
Digitalization executive support system is best for
identifying problems and can support the
management to have deep knowledge related to the
problems and can help to make suitable decisions.
(Asemi. A 2011)
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Employee Performance
Performance is a term commonly used to describe
some or all the activities of an organization during a
specific period. (Mulyadi, 2001). Employee
performance refers to the degree of accomplishment
in meeting the work goals or objectives that have been
established by the organization or work unit in
question. (Dessler, 2010). Employee performance can
be defined as the outcome or result achieved through
an employee's work in terms of quality and quantity,
to attain the goals of the organization. (Hasibuan,
2005). Employee performance reflects the degree to
which employees have accomplished predetermined
objectives, met the expectations of their superiors,
and made a constructive contribution to the
organization (Judge, 2015). Employee performance
refers to the outcome of work and behavior that is
demonstrated through work productivity, quality,
contribution, efficiency, effectiveness, punctuality,
cooperation, creativity, and innovation. (Prof.Dr.
Sugiyono, 2016).
2.2 Executive Support System for
Business
Executive Support Systems (ESS) are computer-
based information systems created to aid senior
managers in making strategic decisions. ESS offers
high-level overviews of business performance and
data visualizations that help executives identify
trends and potential issues quickly. An Executive
Information System (EIS), or an Executive Support
System (ESS), is a kind of management support
system that helps and supports senior executives'
information and decision-making needs. It provides
simple access to internal and external information
relevant to organizational goals. (9. Executive
Support Systems (ESS) - 9. Executive Support
Systems (ESS) Definition of ESS An - Studocu, n.d.)
At the executive level, a strategic information system
designed for unstructured decision-making, utilizing
advanced graphics and communications, is
commonly known as an Executive Support System
(ESS). ESS serves to support the informational roles
of executives (Decision Support Systems &
Executive Support Systems | PDF | Decision Support
System | Information Science, n.d.).
2.3 The Ease of Use of Information
System
Davis (1986) proposed the Technology Acceptance
Model (TAM) theory, which explains that a user's
perception determines their attitude toward the
usefulness of using information technology.
According to TAM, the acceptance of IT usage is
influenced by both usefulness and ease of use.
Usefulness and ease of use impact behavioral
intentions, and technology users are more interested
in using a system if they perceive it as useful and easy
to use. Information system users will use the system
more if it is easy to use, while a complicated system
will discourage usage. Several studies including
Davis et al. (1989), Szajna (1996), Venkatesh and
Davis (2000), and Venkatesh and Morris (2000) in
Jogiyanto (2007) have demonstrated that ease of use
directly or indirectly affects the use of information
systems.
2.4 Quality of Information System
Information system (IS) is of most important weapon
among organizations (Nuraliati & Sianturi, 2021)
because IS has the key relationship between many
functions in organizational operations. IS is based on
organization data which has significant importance in
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making various decisions by the management and
executive, influencing organizational performance.
Data management is important for making various
decisions; therefore, this data should have significant
quality. Thus, the quality of the Information System
is required to be maintained by the organizations to
achieve better outcomes in terms of various day-to-
day operations (Nuseeb, Koussa, Matshidze,
Umeokafor, & Windapo, 2021). However, various
enterprises are facing issues related to the quality of
IS which affects the overall company performance.
The low quality of IS affects adversely the
management and executive decisions towards many
functions such as expenditures, working capital,
investment, etc. Inappropriate decisions made by
using low-quality data from IS could lead to long-
term losses for the company. Many other
organizations, enterprises, or companies operating in
Indonesia are facing the same issues (Puspitawati,
2021). The low quality of IS affects the performance
of the company. Particularly, the private sector or
public-owned companies are having more issues
related to the IS (Sari and Lubis, 2018). The low
quality of IS among the public-owned companies
hurts different decisions. Inappropriate decisions
made by the company will lead to low profitability,
low return on assets, and low return on equity.
Therefore, it is very important to follow up on the
issues related to the quality of IS. Relevant research
concluded important elements related to the quality of
IS which include efficiency flexibility, and reliability.
Improvement for the three elements stated can
enhance the quality of IS. The Information System is
more important in promoting quality (Hartani, Haron,
& Tajuddin, 2021).
3 METHODS
In this study, the researchers utilize qualitative
research methods and literature review techniques to
explore social problems, social phenomena, and
individual behavior. According to Creswell (2016),
qualitative research focuses on interpreting and
analyzing the meanings and perspectives of
individuals and communities. Qualitative methods
are useful in examining the hidden meanings behind
societal phenomena. A literature review is a data
collection method that involves acquiring studies or
reviews from books or other literary sources that are
relevant to the research topic. As noted by Maelani
(2015), literature review activities are conducted to
obtain data, comprehension, and sources related to the
researcher's problem. In this study, the author
conducts a literature review on the topic of Executive
Support System (ESS) for Business and Employee
Performance, using accredited journal articles
sourced from Mendeley and Google Scholar. The
journals studied are outlined in Table 1 of the
following journal metrics:
Table 1: Summary of Previous Relevant Research.
Authors (years),
Title
Main Used
Variables
Research
Result
Difference
with this
article
Yoon S, Kim M
(2023)
A Study on the
Improvement
Direction of
Artificial
Intelligence
Speakers
Applying DeLone
and McLean’s
Information
System Success
Model
X1: Information
Quality
X2: Service
Quality
X3: System
Quality
X4: Perceived
Quality
Y1: User
Satisfaction
Y2: Use
Z: Net Benefit
X1 has
positive
effect only
to Y2.
X2 & X3 =
has
positive
effect only
to Y1.
X3 & X4
has
positive
effect to
Y1 & Y2.
Variables
of X2, X3,
X4, Y2
and Z.
Westerbeek, L,
Ploegmakers, K,
Bruijin, G, J.
Linn, Weert, J,
Daams, J, Van
der Velde, N,
Weert, H, Abu-
Hanna, A,
Medlock, S
(2021)
Barriers and
facilitators
influencing
medication
related CDSS
acceptance
according to
clinicians: A
systematic review
X1: Information
Quality
X2: Service
Quality
X3: System
Quality
X4: Perceived
Quality
Y1: User
Satisfaction
Y2: System Use
Z: Net Benefit
X1 has
positive
effect only
to Y1.
X1, X2, &
X3 = has
positive
effect to
Y1 & Y2.
Variables
of X2, X3,
X4, Y2
and Z.
Apriyansyah, H
(2022)
Literature Review
of: Decision
Support System:
Organization,
Human
Resources and
Knowledge
Management
X1: Organization
X2: Human
Resources
X3: Knowledge
Management
Y: Decision
Support System
(ESS)
X1, X2, &
X3
influences
and have
positive
effect to Y.
Variables
of X1, X2,
and X3.
Digitalization of Executive Support Systems for Business and Employee Performance: Analysis of the Quality of Information System and
Ease of Use of Information System
313

Harum, K. M,
Ali, Hapzi (2023)
Factors Affecting
Operation
Information
Systems:
Strategy,
Software, Human
Resources
X1: Strategy
X2: Software
X3: HRIS
Y: Operations
Information
System (ESS)
X1, X2, &
X3 affects
Y
Variables
X1, X2,
and X3.
A. Hammood, W,
M. Asmara, S, A.
Arshah, R, A.
Hammood, O, Al
Halbusi, H, Al-
Sharafi, M (2020)
Factors
influencing the
success of
information
systems in flood
early warning and
response systems
context
X1: Information
Quality
X2: Service
Quality
X3: System
Quality
X4: Perceived
Quality
Y1: User
Satisfaction
Y2: Use
Z: Net Benefit
X1 has
positive
effect only
to Y2.
X2 & X3 =
has
positive
effect only
to Y1.
X3 & X4
has
positive
effect to
Y1 & Y2.
Variables
of X2, X3,
X4, Y2
and Z.
Gunesekera, A
(2020)
Moderating role
of user types and
system usability
On is success
model: a meta-
analysis of e-
learning,
User satisfaction
X1: Meta
Analysis
X2: User
Satisfaction
X3: e-learning
X4: Ease of Use
of IS
Y1: IS Success
Model
Y2: System
Design
X1, X2,
X3, and
X4 Affect
Y2
Variables
of X1, X3,
Y1 and
Y2.
Zuleha, A (2023)
The Effect of
Information
Technology,
Single Sign on
Information
System,
Knowledge
Management on
Business
Performance
X1: Information
System
X2: Single Sign
on Information
System
X3: Knowledge
Management
Y: Business
Performance
X1, X2,
and X3
affect Y
Variables
of X3 and
Y
N. Fawwaz, M,
Ichsan, R, Rizka
D. Anggraeni, R,
Fortunisa, A
(2023)
The Impact of
Transformational
Leadership in
Micro, Small and
Medium
X1:
Organizational
Leadership
Behavior
X2:
Transformational
Leadership
X3: Leadership
Orientation X4:
Effects
Y: MSME
X1, X2,
X3, and
X4 affect
Z
Variables
of X1, X2,
X3, and Y
Enterprises
(MSMEs)
Z: Impacts in
business.
Setiyono, S
(2022)
The Influence of
Human Resource
Information
Systems,
Discipline and
Work Motivation
on Employee
Performance
X1: The influence
of HRIS (ESS)
X2: Discipline
X3: Work
Motivation
Y: Employee
Performance
X1, X2
and X3
affect Y
Variables
of X2 and
X3
Siregar, M (2022)
The Influence of
Information
Technology,
Human
Resources and
Computer
Networks on The
Marketing
Information
System (MSDM
Literature
Review)
X1: Information
Technology
X2: Human
Resources
X3: Computer
Network
Y: Marketing
Information
System (ESS)
X1, X2
and X3
affect Y
Variables
of X2 and
X3
L. Chuma, L
(2020)
The Role of
Information
Systems in
Business
Firms
Competitiveness:
Integrated
Review
Paper from
Business
Perspective
X1: Business
Organization
X2:
Competitiveness
X3: Strategic
Advantages
Y: Information
System (ESS)
X1, X2
and X3
affect Y
Variables
of X1, X2
and X3
Chipwere, W,
Yushang, K,
Chitesah, L, K.
Dasilveira, I
(2020)
The Impact of
Accounting
Information
Systems on
Financial
Performance and
Decision Making
X1: Accounting
Information
System (ESS
X2: Accessibility
X3: Efficiency
X4: Flexibility
Y: Financial
Performance
X1, X2,
X3, and
X4 affect
Y
Variables
of X2, X3,
X4 and Y
Primawanti, E.P,
Ali, H (2022)
X1: Teknologi
Informasi
X2: Sistem
Informasi
X1, X2
and X3
affect Y
Variables
of X1 and
X3
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Pengaruh
Teknologi
Informasi, Sistem
Informasi
Berbasis Web
Dan Knowledge
Management
Terhadap Kinerja
Karyawan
(Literature
Review
Executive
Support Sistem
(ESS) For
Business)
Berbasis Web
(ESS)
X3: Knowledge
Management
Y: Kinerja
Karyawan
Wahono, S, Ali,
H. (2023)
Determinasi
Kinerja
Karyawan:
Komunikasi,
Technology
Acceptance dan
Pengambilan
Keputusan
(Literature
Review
Executive
Support Sistem
for Business)
X1: Komunikasi
X2: Technology
Acceptance
X3: System
Pendukung
Keputusan (ESS)
Y: Kinerja
Karyawan
X1, X2,
X3 affect
Y
Variables
of X1 and
X2
Mangunbuana, I.
B. G. M,
Wirawati, N. G. P
(2018)
Pengaruh
Kualitas Sistem
Informasi,
Kualitas
Informasi, dan
Perceived
Usefulness Pada
Kepuasan
Pengguna Sistem
Informasi
Akuntansi
X1: Kualitas
Sistem Informasi
X2: Kualitas
Informasi
X3: Perceived
Usefullness
Y: Kepuasan
Pengguna Sistem
Informasi
Akuntansi
X1, X2,
X3 affect
Y
Variable of
X2
Agustiani, N. H
(2010)
Pengaruh
Pemanfaatan
Sistem Informasi
Akademik
Terpadu
(SIKADU)
Terhadap Kinerja
Individual
Dengan
X1: Pemanfaatan
ESS
X2: Kemudahan
Pengguna
Y: Kinerja
Individu
X1 and X2
affect Y
-
Kemudahan
Penggunaan
Sebagai Variabel
Moderating
Indriani, Y. D,
Seminar, K. B,
Sukoco, H.
(2019)
Sistem
Pendukung
Informasi
Eksekutif
Mobilitas Sivitas
Akademika Dan
Publikasi Ilmiah
Institut Pertanian
Bogor
X1: Siklus Hidup
Pengembangan
Sistem
X2: Mobilitas
Dosen &
Mahasiswa
X3: Reputasi
Ilmiah
Y: Sistem
Informasi
Eksekutif
X1, X2
and X3
affect Y
Variables
of X1, X2,
and X3
Afthanorhan, A,
Awang, Z,
Rashid, N,
Foziah, H,
Ghazali, P. L
(2019)
Assessing the
effects of service
quality on
customer
satisfaction
X1: Service
Quality
X2: Search for
materials
X3: library staff
X4: Library
collection
X5: facilities
X6: Library
environment
Y: customer
satisfaction
X1, X2,
X3, X4,
X5, X6
affects Y
Variables
of X2, X3,
X4, X5,
X6 and Y
Muda, I, Afrina,
A., Erlina (2018)
Influence Of
Human
Resources to The
Effect of System
Quality and
Information
Quality on The
User Satisfaction
of Accrual-Based
Accounting
System
X1: System
Quality
X2: Information
Quality
Y: User
satisfaction of
Accounting
System of
Institution
Application
(ESS)
Z: Human
Resource Quality
X1, X2, Z
affect Y
Variable Z
Source: researcher (2023)
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This article discusses several variables related to
information systems and the digitalization of
executive support systems, such as user satisfaction,
ease of use, and transformational leadership. The
study found that the factors most frequently reported
were related to the relevance and usefulness of
information, as well as the efficiency and ease of use
Digitalization of Executive Support Systems for Business and Employee Performance: Analysis of the Quality of Information System and
Ease of Use of Information System
315

of the system. The study also aimed to identify
barriers and facilitators to medication-related Clinical
Decision Support System (CDSS) acceptance by
clinicians and found that these barriers and facilitators
were often related to the technology component of the
HOT-fit framework, specifically information quality
and system quality. The article also highlights the
importance of context and organization in the
Executive Support System, where organizational
dimensions such as internal state, human resources,
and organizational structure can affect the dimensions
of the Decision Support System. Finally, the article
cites research from Robins (1996) that supports the
idea that organizational structure is a tool of control
that reflects the authority of top leaders in decision-
making, which can be centralized or decentralized.
The importance of human resource development in
improving employee performance and effectiveness
has been highlighted by several researchers,
including Mahmudah, Price, and Ayuningtias
(Mahmudah, 2007; Price, 2003:558; Ayuningtias,
2007:10). Leeand Bruvold (Leeand Bruvold, 2003)
also emphasize the role of human resource
development in directing, encouraging, and
motivating employees to improve their skills and
abilities. This can be achieved through various means
such as self-development, training programs, and
career advancement opportunities. Moreover,
research by Kurniawan, Setiawan and Pratama, Dewi
and Hoesada, and Gopay et al. (Kurniawan, AW.,
2012), (Setiawan, A., & Pratama, S., 2019), (Dewi,
R., & Hoesada, J., 2020), and (Gopay, Rangga C.,
Rumawas W., & Sambul, Sofia A.P., 2021) suggests
that human resources can influence the Decision
Support System. This highlights the importance of
considering human resources in the development and
implementation of decision support systems to ensure
their effectiveness and efficiency in improving
organizational performance. In summary, human
resource development plays a crucial role in
improving employee performance and effectiveness.
Moreover, the influence of human resources on the
decision-support system underscores the importance
of considering human resources in the development
and implementation of decision-support systems
(Apriyansyah, n.d.).
System quality has a significant positive influence
on the user satisfaction of Accounting System of
Institutions application in the service partner work
units of Indonesia's Government. The higher the
value of system quality, gain higher of user
satisfaction of the Accounting System of Institutions
application. The level of satisfaction includes
accuracy, appearance, content satisfaction, ease of
use of the accounting system, and pertinence. These
results assist the Adaptive Behavior Assessment
System theory in behavioral analysis experiments to
find a large scale of several principles of statements
about how content user satisfaction, accuracy, ease of
use, appearance, and pertinence as functions of
environmental variables. The strategy for changing
behavior is derived from principles that have been
applied, in more effective and satisfaction, for most
human act in a variety of natural configurations.
people are created to learn with a range of
extraordinary acts. The series of responses,
sometimes not included in the organization of logical
thinking, assist the complexity of people's act. The
System and information quality, both affect user
satisfaction. The total amount of use can affect user
satisfaction positively. User satisfaction affects
personal impact and continues to affect the
organization. Information systems have a big role in
supporting operational, and business activities,
supporting the management in making decisions, and
supporting the advantages of an organization's
competitive strategy. I. S. can be used to create
strategic plans and strategic advantages. Strategic
excellence is an advantage that has a fundamental
influence on operations.
Information quality has a significant positive
impact on the user satisfaction of the Accounting
System of Institutions application in the service
partner work units of the Indonesian government. The
higher the acceptance levels will more accurate,
relevant, trustable, on time, understandable, and
detailed. These results assist the Adaptive Behavior
Assessment System Theory in which Information
quality is generated from the IS. Nowadays, the
modern business competition climate plays an
important role, in manipulating, manipulating, and
capturing information issues that developed from
internal and external. The effectiveness of I.S. will be
useful for management and executives of a business
entity to improve business development strategy. The
use of an I.S. is expected to gain competitive
advantage and comparative advantage for the
organization The implementation of effective and
efficient IT is expected to be the success factor for the
business entity (Muda et al., 2019).
5 CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
Based on the previous relevant research, the study
concludes that Information system user satisfaction
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affects executive support system for business and
employee performance, the more effective and good
quality or have good value of an information system,
the more satisfied the employee, and this can have a
positive influence on increasing employee
performance.
Information system ease of use affects executive
support system for business and employee
performance, the reason is many hired employees do
not have a computer background, or are not computer
literate, to solve this issue, training, and recurring
training to ensure the ease of use of information
system. If any update or deface of the user interface,
the company needs to give socialization, and must be
smoother to use.
The Quality of the information system indicates
the quality of decisions that will be made by the
company. To gain a higher quality information
system, the company needs to update the system,
upgrade the hardware, and upgrade the human
resource or the information system operator and
administrator, so management and executives can
have the best data and information for their office
digest. User satisfaction affects personal impact and
continues to affect the organization. The quality of
information systems will always need to support
operational, and business activities, support the
management in making decisions, and support the
advantages of an organization's competitive strategy.
I.S. must be the first layer to create a strategic plan
and strategic advantages. Strategic excellence is an
advantage that has a fundamental influence on
operations.
Digitalization executive support system is the
main concern of the article. It was found that a
Digitalization executive support system is best for
identifying problems can support the management to
have deep knowledge related to the problems and can
help make suitable decisions.
RECOMMENDATION
Referring to previous relevant research, many other
factors affect employee performance, apart from the
information system user satisfaction, information
system ease of use, quality of information system, and
executive support system for business, therefore
further studies are needed to seek other factors that
can affect employee performance other than the
variables focused on this article. For example,
transformational leadership, employee competency,
employee academic, network availability, and
company culture.
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