Initiatives in Reviving the Free Open Source Software Based

Learning for Control System Engineering Education

Jemie Muliadi

1,2 a

Electrical Engineering Study Program, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia

Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Security (PRKAKS), OREI-BRIN, Bandung, Indonesia

Keywords: Control System Teaching, FOSS, Scilab, Xcos, Control Engineering Teaching.

Abstract: This manuscript explores the transformative integration of Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS),

particularly Scilab, in control engineering education at Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 (UTA45) in Jakarta,

Indonesia. The paper emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of control engineering and its crucial role in

technological innovations. It discusses the challenges in control engineering education, highlighting the

importance of comprehending intricate diagrams and the incorporation of software tools. The focus shifts to

the utilization of FOSS in control engineering education, emphasizing online accessibility, multimedia

learning resources, mathematical modeling, comparative analysis, lab migration, and rapid prototyping.

Control System is an applicative subject that relied on modern computation tools and concept together with

the advancement of our current technology. Thus the implementation of FOSS also considered as the

advancement in this field. Although the existence of the current software in control engineering education has

support the modelling and simulation purposes, many industries are applied control engineering without using

that software. Scilab is a FOSS computation software that run in multi Operating System environment such

as Microsoft Windows, Linux and Macintosh. The integration of Scilab in control engineering education

fosters an accessible, inclusive, and engaging learning environment, preparing students for the challenges of

the future.

INTRODUCTION

Control Engineering is an interdisciplinary field that

contribute to the development of human civilization.

It is tightly related with electrical engineering,

electronics engineering, mechanical engineering,

automobile engineering, instrumentation

engineering, mechatronics engineering, aerospace

engineering, and chemical engineering (Bajpai,

2018). It plays a pivotal role in shaping modern

technological innovations. It also encompasses a

diverse range of applications, from mathematical

modeling and simulation to in-depth analysis, making

it an essential discipline in various engineering

domains (Bajpai, 2018).

One of the fundamental challenges in control

engineering education lies in the comprehend

intricate interrelated diagrams, that holding

significant implications for the analysis and design.

These diagrams including the time-response plots,

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3003-8328

pole-zero maps, root locus, and frequency domain

diagrams, such as Bode, Nyquist, and Nichols plots,

among others (Marin, 2020). Examples of these

implementations—which applied in the field of

aerospace—were including linearization concept

(Muliadi, 2016b and Muliadi, 2015).

For educational purposes, the incorporation of

software tools is significant to facilitate the learning

and application of control engineering concepts.

Software tools become important instruments in the

tasks accomplishment which involving mathematical

modeling, simulation, and analysis. It also providing

students with a platform to experiment, visualize, and

understand complex control system behaviors

(Chacón, 2015).

Notable proprietary software like MATLAB,

Simulink (MATLAB-based graphical programming

environment), and LabVIEW have traditionally

served as standard tools, offering a technical and

numerical computing environment. Moreover,

Muliadi, J.

Initiatives in Reviving the Free Open Source Software Based Learning for Control System Engineering Education.

DOI: 10.5220/0012582400003821

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 4th International Seminar and Call for Paper (ISCP UTA ’45 JAKARTA 2023), pages 387-393

ISBN: 978-989-758-691-0; ISSN: 2828-853X

387

interactive learning tools, including Java applets and

software like MATLAB and Simulink, have been

utilized to engage students actively, enhancing their

understanding of intricate concepts.

In Indonesia, the lecturer worked to be aligned

with the Law for Teachers and Lecturers with the

crucial roles, i.e. to be facilitator, motivator, trigger,

learning engineer, and to be inspiration of learning to

their student. To increase the quality of national

education, the following roles will be also involved

i.e. to be informer, communicator, transformer,

agents of change, innovator, counselor and

administrator (Muliadi, 2016a).

In recent years, a paradigm shift has been marked

by the initiatives to adopt Free and Open-Source

Software (FOSS) that equivalents of their type of

proprietary tools. FOSS, characterized by its

modifiability and can be redistribute freely

(Fortunato, 2021), aligns with the paradigm of open

knowledge sharing. The FOSS movement has gained

momentum, with initiatives like the Free and Open

Software in Education (FOSSEE) project by MHRD

in India promoting the use of open source tools in

educational institutions (Bajpai, 2018). FOSS is

featured to these three fundamental criteria: the

freedom to use the software for any purpose, the

ability to study and modify its operation, and the

liberty to redistribute the software and its modified

versions (Lehtola, 2022).

FOSS also offers several advantages in teaching,

including access to source code, availability of

precompiled binaries, and general applicability

beyond academia environment (Lehtola, 2022).

Furthermore, for educational purposes, FOSS

provides additional benefits such as free

redistribution and ease of installation, enabling

students to work seamlessly on diverse hardware

platforms (Lehtola, 2022). It also facilitates access to

source code, fostering a deeper understanding of

underlying algorithms. Additionally, FOSS supports

sophisticated workflows, allowing students to deeply

involve into programming and interface various

programs effectively (Lehtola, 2022).

In the context of Control System Engineering, the

integration of FOSS has emerged as a transformative

force. Several FOSS tools, such as Scilab, Octave, and

Python-based libraries like SciPy and control, have

gained prominence in control engineering education.

Scilab, an open source software platform, enables

students to design and analyze control engineering

problems by manipulating associated parameters

(Bajpai, 2018). Scilab Cloud, an online simulation

tool, offers a versatile platform for the analysis of

mathematical equations pertinent to control

engineering (Bajpai, 2018). Moreover, Scilab codes

have been developed for solved examples in

engineering equipped with its textbooks, enriching the

educational experience (Bajpai, 2018). Workshops

and educational initiatives leverage Scilab to solve

mathematical and simulation problems, enhancing

students' practical understanding of control

engineering concepts (Bajpai, 2018). The adoption of

FOSS in control engineering education signifies a

paradigm shift, empowering students with accessible,

versatile, and collaborative tools, fostering a new era

of hands-on learning and innovation in the field of

Control System Engineering.

FOSS UTILIZATION IN

CONTROL ENGINEERING

EDUCATION

In this current digital age, the access to educational

resources has been revolutionized, due to the online

platforms and the development of FOSS. The

integration of FOSS tools into teaching activities has

significantly transformed the landscape of control

engineering education, offering accessible and cost-

effective solutions to students and educators alike.

This section delves into the various facets of FOSS

implementation in control engineering education,

highlighting the diverse tools and platforms that

facilitate interactive learning experiences.

2.1 Online Accessibility and Mobile

Learning

Online platforms have grown into a cornerstone of

modern education, breaking down geographical

barriers and providing students with unprecedented

access to resources (Rabek, 2019). Scilab Cloud, an

online simulation tool, exemplifies the power of

online accessibility. Utilizable from 4G-enabled

smartphones, Scilab Cloud empowers students to

create diverse plots and solve intricate mathematical

equations, all through a user-friendly interface

(Bajpai, 2018). In India, the development of the cloud

service that allows the execution of Scilab codes

without the need for local installations, ensuring

seamless online access to computational tools.

Furthermore, initiatives like the Aakash tablet and

laptop, pioneered by the Ministry of Human Resource

Development (MHRD), provide cost-effective

solutions for e-learning, enhancing accessibility and

affordability in educational technology (Bajpai,

2018).

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2.2 Rich Multimedia Learning

Resources

In the realm of control engineering, multimedia

resources play a pivotal role in enhancing

understanding and engagement. Videos and web-

based lectures dedicated to control engineering cover

a broad spectrum of topics, ranging from basic control

principles to specialized domains like aerospace

control, digital control, and industrial automation

(Bajpai, 2018). These resources serve as invaluable

supplements to traditional classroom teaching,

offering students a dynamic and interactive learning

experience.

2.3 Mathematical Modeling and

Optimization with FOSS

FOSS tools such as Scilab and GNU Octave have

become instrumental in solving mathematical

modeling and simulation problems. Students can

explore complex systems and visualize their behavior

by employing these tools, fostering a deeper

understanding of theoretical concepts. In India, the

Optimization Toolbox (OR tool) developed by

FOSSEE India facilitates the solution of

mathematical optimization problems, empowering

students to delve into the realm of real-world

applications (Bajpai, 2018).

2.4 Examples Based and Comparative

Analysis Based Learning

A cornerstone of effective learning is a hands-on

experience, and FOSS tools enable such experience

in precise fashion. For hands on purpose, the Scilab

codes that readily available on the Scilab India

website, serve as learning aids for students. By

downloading these codes, students can manipulate

variables within the problems, conducting

comparative analyses and sharpening their problem-

solving skills. This approach not only reinforces

theoretical knowledge but also nurtures a mindset of

experimentation and exploration (Bajpai, 2018).

2.5 Lab Migration and Remote Access

Initiatives

The Lab Migration project, a significant endeavor in

the field of control engineering education, aims to

started a transition at labs from proprietary software

usages into open-source alternatives. Traditionally,

proprietary software like MATLAB, Simulink, and

LabVIEW dominated the labs that associated with

control systems. However, India put initiatives like

the Virtual Lab project, initiated by MHRD under the

National Mission on Education through ICT, have

provide public access to their expensive instruments

(Bajpai, 2018). Through remote access, students can

engage in practical experiments and gain hands-on

experience, irrespective of their geographical location

(Tugashova, 2022). This initiative not only optimizes

resource utilization but also fosters collaboration and

knowledge sharing across institutions.

2.6 Rapid Prototyping and Exploration

of Control Methods

Rapid Control Prototyping (RCP) systems becoming

important tools in the educational purpose of control

engineering. Scilab, with their intuitive interfaces and

robust functionalities, constitute an ideal environment

for RCP systems. These platforms facilitate the

exploration of diverse control methods, allowing

students to experiment with different algorithms and

observe real-time responses (Chamorro, 2018). By

embracing FOSS tools for rapid prototyping, students

can bridge the gap between theory and application,

gaining practical insights into the complexities of

control systems.

All of these utilization showed that the integration

of FOSS in control engineering education has marked

a transformative shift. From online accessibility and

multimedia resources to hands-on learning

experiences and remote lab access, FOSS tools enrich

the educational journey, making it interactive,

engaging, and universally accessible. Through these

initiatives, the realm of control engineering education

continues to evolve, nurturing a new generation of

engineers equipped with the knowledge and skills

necessary to tackle the challenges of our ever-

changing world.

IMPLEMENTING

SCILAB-BASED TEACHING

FOR CONTROL SYSTEM IN

UTA45

Universitas Tujuh Belas Agustus 1945 (University of

the August 17

1945) or shortened as UTA45 is a

private University in Jakarta, Indonesia, managed

under the Foundation named Yayasan Perguruan

Tinggi 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta. To the Indonesians,

the date of August 17

1945 commemorate the

Proclamation of Independence as the begin of

Initiatives in Reviving the Free Open Source Software Based Learning for Control System Engineering Education

389

Republic of Indonesia. The university run several

faculties include the Faculty of Engineering and

Informatics.

The Electrical Engineering Study Program is a

part of that Faculty of Engineering and Informatics

and runs the Power and Energy Group together with

the Control System Group. Thus, Control System

Lecture is one of the course provided by the Electrical

Engineering Study Program. The following

explanation will describe the initiative of FOSS

implementation for Control System Lecture in UT45,

Jakarta, Indonesia.

3.1 Transition from MATLAB to

Scilab to Enhance Control

Engineering Education

In the long time teaching of control engineering

education, MATLAB has become the industry-

standard software tool (Chacón, 2015). Its interactive

environment for scientific and engineering

computations, simulations, and data visualization has

been fundamental in shaping the learning experiences

of countless students (Vámos, 2018). However, the

landscape of educational technology is ever-evolving,

and the migration from proprietary software like

MATLAB into free and accessible alternatives like

Scilab has become increasingly prevalent

(Merzlikina, 2020). This shift is motivated by several

compelling reasons, all aimed at enhancing the

educational experience for students.

Therefore, in UTA45, the MATLAB and Scilab is

used together in complemented and also substituted

fashion. For Control System Lecture, the use of

Scilab becomes substitute of MATLAB since all of

its feature were sufficient for basic teaching of

Control System. While in other application

MATLAB is still applied within their purposes of

teaching.

3.2 The Need for Accessibility and Ease

of Use

One of the primary motivations behind the transition

to Scilab is rooted in accessibility. Students must have

the freedom to install the software on their personal

computers without facing financial constraints. The

ideal software should also be undemanding in terms

of system requirements, ensuring that it can run

smoothly on a variety of devices. Additionally, the

learning curve should be manageable, allowing

students to grasp the fundamentals without being

overwhelmed. Scilab, with its user-friendly interface

and intuitive functionalities, fulfills these criteria,

making it an ideal choice for control engineering

education (Merzlikina, 2020). It strikes a balance

between robust features and ease of use, empowering

students to engage with the software effectively.

Back in the pandemic era of Covid-19, UTA45

has to adapt the remote teaching so the students can

only learn and obtain lectures from home. For Control

System Lecture, that relied heavily on software, the

installation of Scilab in student’s own PC or Laptop

becomes solution to ensure their familiarities on

programming capabilities to solve engineering

problems numerically.

3.3 Enhancing Visualization and

Interactivity

In the realm of virtual labs and simulations,

visualization and interactivity becomes significant.

These aspects have proven to be pivotal when

designing simulations for pedagogical purposes,

especially in the complex domain of control

engineering. The graphical capabilities of computers,

including images and animations, serve as powerful

tools to elucidate intricate concepts. Visual

representations enable students to comprehend key

system behaviors more easily, facilitating a deeper

understanding of theoretical principles (Chacón,

2015). Furthermore, interactivity plays a vital role in

the learning process. The ability to manipulate

variables and observe real-time system responses

empowers students to experiment and explore,

fostering a hands-on understanding of control

systems.

Return again to the pandemic era of Covid-19,

Scilab has help the students of Control System

Lecture in UTA45 to grasp adequate understandings.

This is due to their ability to produce graphs,

diagrams, and many visual tool that used in Control

System Engineering by using Scilab in their PC or

Laptop.

3.4 Empowering Hands-On Learning

The hands-on approach in control engineering

education is indispensable. Students need practical

experiences that go beyond theoretical concepts,

allowing them to apply their knowledge in real-world

scenarios. Scilab facilitates this hands-on learning

through template codes and example codes (Bajpai,

2018). By providing students with structured

templates, they can experiment with different

variables, conduct comparative analyses, and gain

valuable insights into system behaviors. This

approach not only saves time in complex

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mathematical calculations but also encourages

students to approach problems from multiple angles

(Bajpai, 2018). It promotes critical thinking and

problem-solving skills, essential attributes for

aspiring engineers.

By using Scilab, every lecture session can be

equipped by the tutorials in the hands-on activity.

These strategies are very helpful to the students of

Control System Lecture in UTA45 especially at

remote learning in Covid-19 pandemic era. Since they

can operate the virtual meetings application together

with their Scilab hands on, the Lecturer can tutor them

real-time by “share-screen” features.

3.5 Harnessing the Online Features of

Scilab Resources

The era of online education has breaking down

barriers related to time and location. Scilab's online

features are a testament to this evolution. Educators

can leverage Scilab's cloud service, eliminating the

need for local installations (Bajpai, 2018). This is not

only providing flexibility to students but also supports

online class activities. Students with limited access to

personal computers or laptops can now engage with

Scilab through various devices, ensuring that

educational opportunities are accessible to a wider

demographic (Vámos, 2018). Moreover, this online

functionality promotes collaborative learning,

allowing students to work together on projects and

assignments regardless of their physical locations.

The online features enable all students of Control

System Lecture in UTA45 to access Scilab although

some of them were not able to access PC or Laptop in

Covid-19 pandemic era. Thus, if they can access

internet and tablet phone or adequate cell phone, they

can follow the lecture properly.

In summary, while at the Covid-19 pandemic era,

the Control System Lecture in UTA45 has perform

the transition from MATLAB to Scilab. It represents

a significant step forward in control engineering

education. By prioritizing accessibility, visualization,

interactivity, hands-on learning, and online features,

educators can create a dynamic and engaging learning

environment (Jacques, 2021). Scilab's versatile

capabilities empower students to explore the

complexities of control systems, nurturing a

generation of engineers equipped with practical skills

and a deep understanding of their field. As technology

continues to advance, embracing open and accessible

tools like Scilab ensures that control engineering

education remains at the forefront of innovation,

preparing students for the challenges and

opportunities of the future.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In the ever-evolving landscape of education, the

adoption of FOSS like Scilab stands as a pivotal

paradigm shift, particularly in the domain of control

engineering. The integration of Scilab into

educational curricula represents a significant leap

towards providing students with accessible,

interactive, and flexible learning experiences. Scilab's

user-friendly interface, coupled with its robust

functionalities, makes it an ideal platform for hands-

on exploration of complex control systems. As this

paper has demonstrated, Scilab not only fulfills the

need for a cost-effective software solution but also

addresses critical challenges faced by students and

educators alike.

4.1 Adapting to Advancements in

Numeric Technologies

Scilab serves as a bridge between traditional teaching

methods and the demands of modern numeric

technologies. Its adaptability and versatility make it a

suitable tool for conducting FOSS-based learning

activities, enabling students to stay abreast of the

latest advancements in numerical computing. By

immersing students in Scilab-based learning

environments, educational institutions empower the

next generation of engineers with the practical skills

and computational knowledge necessary to thrive in

the digital age. This adaptability is crucial,

considering the rapid pace at which technology

continues to advance.

4.2 Flexibility for Engineering

Departments

Engineering departments across educational

institutions have welcomed Scilab with open arms,

recognizing its potential to revolutionize the way

computations are performed in educational settings.

The flexibility offered by Scilab allows engineering

departments to obtain adequate computational

software equipped with a user-friendly Graphical

User Interface (GUI). This transition not only

optimizes financial resources but also ensures that

students have access to cutting-edge tools that align

with industry standards. Scilab's ease of use makes it

an invaluable asset for educators, enabling them to

focus on teaching content rather than struggling with

complex software interfaces.

Initiatives in Reviving the Free Open Source Software Based Learning for Control System Engineering Education

391

4.3 Overcoming Limitations Through

Online Features

One of the notable advantages of Scilab lies in its

online features, which have proven instrumental in

overcoming various limitations faced by students.

The requirement to purchase expensive computers is

mitigated by Scilab's ability to operate efficiently on

a wide range of devices, from high-end laptops to

budget-friendly tablets. Moreover, the need for intra-

computer installations is eliminated, streamlining the

setup process and allowing students to focus on their

coursework instead of grappling with software

installations (Sorour, 2020). Additionally, the

limitation of unused memory space on computers

becomes a non-issue when utilizing Scilab's online

functionalities, ensuring that computational resources

are available without imposing constraints on local

storage.

4.4 Recommendations

Based on the findings and insights presented, these

recommendations then proposed for educational

institutions and policymakers to further enhance the

integration of Scilab in control engineering education.

4.4.1

Comprehensive Training Programs

Educational institutions should design

comprehensive training programs for both students

and educators to familiarize them with the features

and functionalities of Scilab. These programs should

focus on practical applications, ensuring that students

can leverage Scilab's capabilities to solve real-world

engineering problems effectively.

4.4.2

Collaborative Research Initiatives

Encourage collaborative research initiatives between

educational institutions and industries, fostering an

environment where Scilab is utilized for practical

research endeavors. This collaboration will not only

enrich the educational experience but also contribute

to the development of innovative solutions in the field

of control engineering.

4.4.3

Continuous Software Updates and

Support

Educational institutions should collaborate with

Scilab Enterprises or other relevant entities to ensure

continuous software updates and technical support.

Regular updates will guarantee that students and

educators have access to the latest features and

improvements, enhancing the overall learning

experience.

4.4.4

Online Learning Platforms

Develop dedicated online learning platforms that host

interactive Scilab tutorials, demonstrations, and

problem-solving sessions. These platforms can serve

as valuable resources for students, providing them

with additional learning materials and opportunities

for collaborative learning.

4.4.5

Inclusivity and Accessibility

Educational policymakers should prioritize

inclusivity and accessibility by ensuring that Scilab-

based educational resources are accessible to students

with disabilities. This can be achieved through the

development of specialized interfaces, compatibility

with screen readers, and other assistive technologies,

fostering an inclusive learning environment for all

students.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the integration of Scilab in control

engineering education marks a transformative step

towards providing students with a holistic and

engaging learning experience. By addressing

financial constraints, simplifying software

installations, and leveraging online functionalities,

Scilab offers a pathway to a more accessible and

inclusive educational landscape. Embracing the

recommendations outlined above will not only

enhance the learning experience for students but also

contribute to the advancement of control engineering

education as a whole, fostering a new generation of

skilled engineers capable of meeting the challenges of

the future.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author hereby appreciates the following officials

in Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN),

Indonesia:

- Chairman of Research Center for Artificial

Intelligence and Cyber Security (PRKAKS).

- Chairman of Research Organization for

Electronics and Informatics (OREI).

- Chairman of Indonesian National Agency for

Research and Innovation (BRIN)

For their support to the author as a Lecturer in the

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Control Engineering Field.

The author also appreciates the following officials

in Universitas Tujuh Belas Agustus 1945 (UTA45),

Jakarta, Indonesia:

- Chairman of Electrical Engineering Study

Program (Ka Prodi Teknik Elektro UTA45).

- Dean of Faculty of Engineering and Informatics

(Dekan FTI UTA45).

- Rector of University of August 17

1945 (Rektor

UTA45 Jakarta)

For their support to the author contribution in this

event ISCP 2023.

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