1972. At the 1972 United Nations conference held in
Stockholm, the international community engaged in
discussions regarding the concept of sustainable
development and consensus was reached that
sustainability itself is founded on achieving balance
between progress and environmental protection, as
managing this relationship judiciously will generate
the most advantageous outcomes for humanity. The
principle of sustainable development is implicit in the
Third Principle and Fifth Principle of the 1972
Stockholm Declaration. The Third Principle and Fifth
Principle of the 1972 Stockholm Declaration
essentially call for preserving natural resources and
increasing the earth's capacity to produce renewable
resources.
The concept of sustainable development then
appeared in the Brundtland Commission Report
entitled Our Common Future in 1987. According to
the report, sustainable development refers to
development that can fulfill present demands while
still preserving sufficient resources to allow coming
generations to satisfy their own development needs in
the future. coming. The principles of sustainable
development were then included in the 1992 Rio
Declaration, precisely in Principle 1, Principle 4,
Principle 5, Principles 7-9, Principle 12, Principles
20-22, Principle 24 and Principle 27. The 1992 Rio
Declaration basically contains principles that hope
participating countries implement development that
always considers environmental protection, growth
and social conditions in addition to considering
economic growth to achieve sustainable
development. The 1992 Rio Declaration asked
countries to reduce or eliminate unsustainable
production and consumption patterns accompanied
by supportive policy expenditures. In addition, the
1992 Rio Declaration also stated that countries should
continue to strengthen and develop scientific and
technological knowledge and capabilities, including
by sharing knowledge between countries in an effort
to support the achievement of sustainable
development (Aziz, I.J, 2020).
The 1992 Rio Declaration also called on countries
to cooperate not only in sharing knowledge but also
in coordinating economic systems that support
economic growth and sustainable development. The
1992 Rio Declaration also stated the importance of
the involvement of several groups in society, starting
from the important role of women to the involvement
of traditional community groups in achieving
sustainable development. Not only that, the 1992 Rio
Declaration also stated the importance of ideas from
the younger generation in working together to achieve
sustainable development.
Furthermore, after the Rio Declaration in 1992, in
2002 the World Summit on Sustainable Development
was held which is usually called the 2002 Earth
Summit. The principles of sustainable development at
the 2002 Earth Summit received the world's full
attention with the presence of 191 countries. UN
agencies, multilateral financial institutions, and other
major groups. Sustainable development, the principle
now globally recognized, precludes any nation in its
pursuit of progress from environmental harm and
demands ongoing safeguarding of the environment to
ensure an unburdened nature continues benefiting
generations to come. The discussion of the principles
of sustainable development at the 2002 Earth Summit
has become increasingly in-depth and broad. This in-
depth discussion can be seen by discussing the
obstacles in implementing sustainable development
related to: improving people's welfare, implementing
conservation of natural resources on earth with an
ever-growing population, food needs, clean water,
shelter, cleanliness, energy, health services and
related to economic balance. While the principles of
sustainable development had gained increasing
recognition globally, the specific aims embodied
within the newly established Sustainable
Development Goals provided a sharper illumination
and concentration of these objectives in the year they
were inaugurated. The formation of these SDGs is an
effort by countries to implement the principles of
sustainable development. This
implementation/application is carried out with the
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
(Agenda 2030) (Eddy, T2015).
The 2030 Agenda lays out an ambitious plan to
promote inclusive and environmentally-sound
prosperity across the globe by balancing social
progress and economic expansion. The 3030 Agenda
not only addresses poverty but also integrates and
balances the three pillars of sustainable development
in a comprehensive global vision. While
environmental preservation, social/community
development, and economic growth are
interdependent factors, sustainable development
necessitates balancing these three pillars in a
harmonious manner. The 2030 Agenda is a plan that
can continue to change but remains based on 17
sustainable development goals. These 17 sustainable
development goals address pressing global
challenges in the next fifteen years. (Danusaputra, M,
1994).
Indonesia has followed the development and
application of sustainable development principles at
the global level since the 1972 Conference on the
Human Environment which gave birth to the 1972
ISCP UTA ’45 JAKARTA 2023 - THE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR AND CALL FOR PAPER (ISCP) UTA ’45 JAKARTA
500