Design and Construction of an Ice Cubes Machine with Diagonal

Blade

Sri Endah Susilowati, Didit Sumardiyanto and Kukuh Seno Septyantoro

Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945, Jakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Ice Cubes, Fish, Electric Motorbikes.

Abstract: Fish is one of the fishery products which has a very high source of protein and fish is also a commodity that rots

easily, so fish needs extra careful handling to maintain its quality after being removed from fresh water and sea

water. The preservation process is the method most often used to extend the shelf life of fish and fish products.

To reduce increasing air pollution, the author aims to create an appropriate technological tool, namely an ice

cube chopping machine that uses an electric motor. In this research, an ice cube chopper was designed with a

diagonal blade position with a length of 1700mm, width 450mm and height 1200mm. The ice used is block

ice. In the first study, the highest force from the knife was 7.90 kg/minute / 8 Kg and the lowest force was

4.98 kg/minute with an average force of 14.8 kg/minute.

INTRODUCTION

Indonesia as an archipelagic country has almost 2/3

of its area in the form of ocean. The large area of the

ocean brings a lot of fishery product capabilities to

Indonesian citizens, especially residents who are in

coastal areas and have a livelihood as fishermen.

According to data from an article by the Ministry of

Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (KKP) as of 2020,

there are 5.08 million people in Indonesia working as

fishermen (Aan Supriatna, 2016).

The demand for fish supplies as a food source

continues to increase from year to year. Easy and fast

characteristics of fish damaged, making it require

quick and careful treatment from the moment it is

caught from the aquatic environment. In general,

fresh, or wet fish is generally processed for

distribution to the public using WS to maintain its

quality. Marine products such as fish, shrimp,

shellfish, and others are highly susceptible to

spoilage.

To increase efficiency and productivity in the

fisheries sector, a variety of equipment and machines

are needed that can be used to support human work.

These equipment and machines can be considered a

form of technology that corresponds to needs, able to

change manual systems to automatic with various

types of mechanisms.

As time goes by, there is an opportunity to

produce an ice cube crushing machine using an

electric motor as the driving force so that the quality

and shape of the ice cubes are even better for

preserving fish.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Ice

Ice cubes in block form are a variety of ice that have

various dimensions and are generally used for the

purpose of preserving food ingredients such as

seafood (fish, shrimp, squid, etc.) and drinks. The use

of reverse ice cubes should not be mixed directly with

food or drinks, because its function is more focused

on scientifically cooling and preserving food and

drink ingredients.

To maintain fish freshness for a longer period by

inhibiting or stopping the activity of microorganisms

that can cause spoilage. When fish is preserved,

changes will occur in the characteristics of fresh fish,

including the aroma, taste, shape, and consistency of

the meat. The fish preservation process has two

different approaches, namely traditional preservation,

and modern preservation.

Therefore, ice block production has become a

popular choice for several entrepreneurs and

fishermen who have just completed the fishing

406

Susilowati, S., Sumardiyanto, D. and Septyantoro, K.

Design and Construction of an Ice Cubes Machine with Diagonal Blade.

DOI: 10.5220/0012583400003821

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 4th International Seminar and Call for Paper (ISCP UTA ’45 JAKARTA 2023), pages 406-410

ISBN: 978-989-758-691-0; ISSN: 2828-853X

process. In order to produce the best quality ice that

suits your needs, a block ice crushing machine was

created.

From the basic description of ice cube theory

above, you can find out the types of ice cubes,

namely:

2.2 Ice Cube

This form of ice in the form of blocks is generally

easy to find when visit various markets and

restaurants. This is because the need for ice cubes is

very high in various restaurants, so many people

choose to use ice cubes. A block of ice can fill a

container used for preserving fish.

Figure 1: Ice Cube.

2.3 Tool Design

Ice Crushing Equipment is a type of machine

dedicated to processing ice crushing with efficiency.

This machine is capable of carrying out its duties at

high speed when crushing ice blocks. Therefore,

using this machine will significantly simplify and

speed up the process of crushing ice blocks.

Figure 2: Cube Ice Chopping Machine.

2.4 Types of Preservation

Fish is a perishable food ingredient, so ways are

needed to increase the freshness of fish and extend the

shelf life of fish-based preparations. Preservation and

processing not only apply to large-sized fish

(economical fish), but small-sized fish can also be

processed into other products (Annissa Mutia, 2022).

There are several methods that can be used to

maintain durability food, both through modern

approaches and simpler methods. These methods vary

in level of difficulty and method, but the main goal of

food preservation is to slow the growth of

microorganisms in food. Listed below are several

techniques for preserving:

2.4.1 Cooling

This technique is known as one of the most common

methods and is often used by people in both rural and

urban areas. The basis and principle of this cooling

method involves placing food in a chamber or

container with a very low temperature. Fishermen

often use containers filled with ice to preserve the fish

they catch. Ice is the best cooling medium. By

providing sufficient ice to the fish, the temperature of

the fish can be reduced to around 0º C. At this

temperature the activity of bacteria and enzymes can

be inhibited (Aan Supriatna, 2016).

2.4.2 Fumigation

The smoking method involves placing food in a

container or box and then hitting smoke from the

bottom. Although this smoking technique is not able

to keep food in a preserved state for a long period of

time, it usually needs to be combined with a salting

and drying approach to achieve optimal results.

2.4.3 Salting

This last method involves the use of table salt, also

known as sodium chloride, for food preservation

purposes. This technique is known as salting. Table

salt has properties that can inhibit the growth and

development of spoilage microorganisms in food.

Salting is a traditional method used to preserve fish.

The aim of preserving fish is to reduce the water

content in the fish's body, reducing the opportunity

for bacterial growth. In order to achieve quality

preservation results, certain steps need to be followed.

This includes keeping ingredients and equipment

clean, choosing clean salt, and using fresh fish.

2.5 Blade

The central part of the ice block chopping machine

which plays a crucial role is the blade. The knife's

main function in the ice chopping process is to crush

part of the ice block. Usually, cutting knives made

from non-stainless-steel materials can oxidize

quickly if they are exposed to water or moisture and

Design and Construction of an Ice Cubes Machine with Diagonal Blade

407

left in that condition. Therefore, when not in use,

cutting tools need to be stored dry or in an area that

has dry air circulation and is protected from exposure

to rainwater.

Figure 3: Blade.

2.6 Electric Motor

An electric motor is a device that functions to convert

electrical energy into mechanical energy. This

mechanical energy is applied to move components

such as pump impellers, blowers, compressors, and

for the process of lifting materials. Apart from being

used in household contexts such as mixers, electric

drills and fans, electric motors also play an important

role in the industrial sector. In industry, electric

motors are sometimes nicknamed "work horses"

because it is estimated that around 70% of industrial

electricity consumption is contributed by these

motors.

2.7 Transmission

The main function of the transmission is to transmit

movement from the blade to the electric motor. In an

ice cube chopper with a diagonal blade position, the

transmission system used involves a pulley and a V-

belt.

Figure 4: Electric Motor.

2.8 V-Belts

V-belts are a refinement of the flat belt concept, with

a design designed to handle greater tension. The

advantage of this belt lies in its ability to handle

greater pulling forces, as well as being able to

withstand friction better, so that the risk of slippage

can be minimized (Koesoemawardani, D., 2020). V

belts are often used both in industry and in vehicles.

The V-shaped structure of this belt allows the belt to

be clamped tightly in the pulley groove, increasing

friction force, and allows greater torque to be

transferred before slip occurs.

Figure 5: Belt.

2.9 Pulleys

A pulley is a circular tool whose sides are encircled

by ropes, belts, and chains to achieve rotational

movement (spinning) with the aim of lightening the

load, changing direction, and obtaining other

mechanical benefits.

Figure 6: Pulley.

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Design and Build Methodology

From January to March 2023, a literature analysis

study was carried out. The manufacture of the Ice

Cube Chopper Machine with a Diagonal Blade

Position took place at the Beting Kebon Baru

workshop, North Jakarta between March, and June

2023. The stages included planning, fabrication and

testing the device.

3.2 Ice Cube Cutter Machine Concept

Ice Cube Chopper Machine is a modern tool for

chopping ice cubes using electricity. This ice block

chopping machine generally uses an electric motor as

its main drive and can convert electrical energy into

mechanical energy.

ISCP UTA ’45 JAKARTA 2023 - THE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR AND CALL FOR PAPER (ISCP) UTA ’45 JAKARTA

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3.3 Tool Making

The steps in implementing the equipment stages

involve selecting materials, as well as the process of

making and testing the Ice Cube Chopper Machine.

In the construction process, lightness and resistance

to corrosion are the main factors in material selection.

The production stages include assembling

components, making a diagonal blade, and making a

funnel where the ice cubes enter.

Figure 7: Tool Design.

3.4 Performance Test

Performance tests are carried out to determine the

success of the design process carried out.

Performance testing was carried out 3 times with

varied shifts by shifting the blade.

The steps in the performance test are as follows:

1. Prepare ice in the form of blocks

2. Prepare measuring instruments and record

measurement results

3. The chopping machine is started via an electric

motor.

4. Measure the pulley rotation when there is no

load and when it is loaded.

5. Put the ice block into the funnel.

6. After that, record the results of chopping the ice.

3.5 Data Collection Process

The data collection process is carried out by weighing

the ice blocks to be chopped and when testing the

performance of the machine each time it is tested,

setting the shift of the blade, pulley and driving

motor. Then put the ice cubes into the chopping

funnel to do the chopping. During the chopping

process, measurements are made. The variables

measured include the shape of the ice chunks, the

change in pulley speed when it is unloaded and when

it is loaded, as well as calculating the ice chunks

produced.

4 CALCULATIONS AND

DISCUSSION

Testing took place in workshops and at home, the

following is the data taken:

Table 1: Test Charts.

From the test results, the lowest ice chopping

results were obtained, namely 4.98 kg/minute with a

time of 83 seconds with a block size of 608 cm, while

the highest ice chopping results were 7.86 kg/minute

with a time of 76 seconds with a block size of 388 cm,

for average. -The average yield of chopped ice is 14.8

kg/minute.

5 CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusion

From the design and research that has been carried

out, namely an ice cube chopper using a diagonal

knife, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. Making an ice cube chopping tool requires

selecting components that need to calculate

material efficiency, material strength, material

specifications and impact on the environment as

well as ease of obtaining them.

2. To design this ice chopper, you need to calculate

the equipment, namely calculating the pulley,

V-belt, and electric motor.

3. The construction form of this tool is simple with

a length of 1700mm, width 450mm and height

1200mm. The design of this ice chopper consists

of a frame, shaft, knife cylinder and electric

Grafik Pengujian

Alat

100

Netra

Mundu

Maju

Ukuran Es Balok

(cm)

Waktu

(Detik)

Design and Construction of an Ice Cubes Machine with Diagonal Blade

409

motor.

4. From the test results data, the lowest ice

chopping results were obtained, namely 4.98

Kg/minute and the highest ice chopping results,

namely 7.90Kg/minute.

5.2 Suggestion

From the research and design of an ice cube chopping

machine with a diagonal blade position for further

research. The research suggestions for developing

this ice cube chopper are:

1. The design of this tool needs to be developed

with greater power so that the ice chopping gets

more precise time.

2. More research needs to be done on electric

motor power so that it can be further developed

to more modern power.

3. In the process of using this ice chopping

machine, the safety of its work is further

improved, and the method of chopping ice must

not be under pressure and an ice support must be

installed.

4. A switch should be installed so that it can cut off

electricity and be more efficient.

5. To pay more attention to the safety of the tool.

6. In the process of cleaning the ice cubes, drain it

from the bottom of the chopper.

REFERENCE

Journal/article/proceeding references:

Aan Supriatna. (2016, February 25). Cooling Fish with Ice.

Annissa Mutia. (2022, August 4). 5 Provinces with the

Largest Number of Fishermen in Indonesia in 2020.

https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish

/2022/08/04/

Koesoemawardani, D. (2020). Fish Processing Technology.

Science House.

Lilly Aprilya Pregiwati, “Laut Masa Depan Bangsa Mari

Jaga Bersama,” Kementrian Kelautan dan Perikanan,

2019.

K. Sularso & Suga, “Dasar-Dasar Perencanaan Dan

Pemilihan Elemen Mesin,” Jakarta: Pradnya

Paramita, 1991.

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