Comparison of Performance Multistage H-Type Darrieus Normal

and Inverse Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with CFD Analysis

Muktar Sinaga

, Amma Muliya Romadoni

, Yoyon Ahmudiarto

and Arwanto

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta, Indonesia

National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia

Keywords: Performance, Multistage, H-type Darrieus, Vertical Axis Wind Turbine, Wind Energy, CFD.

Abstract: H-type Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) produce more power in high Tip Speed Ratio (TSR)

than other VAWTs. However, the disadvantage is low generated power in TSR less than 1. The performance

of H-type Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine was studied with Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD)

analysis. H-type normal design compared to the H-type inverse of darrieus Multistage Vertical Axis Wind

Turbine. In CFD simulation, the Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations were used

and the turbulence model was solved with SST k-ω model. It showed the results of the analytical analysis to

be compared with normal and inverse H-type darrieus Multistage VAWT. The results are h-type normal

darrieus VAWT produce more power in RPM 50 than h-type inverse darrieus VAWT. The h-type inverse

darrieus VAWT produce more power in RPM 100 and 150 than h-type normal darrieus VAWT.

INTRODUCTION

According to their axis of rotation, wind turbines are

often divided into two categories: Vertical Axis Wind

Turbines (VAWT) and Horizontal Axis Wind

Turbines (HAWT). Each variety offers benefits and

drawbacks. HAWT outperforms VAWT in wind

directions that are stable. On the other hand, VAWT

performs better than HAWT under unstable wind

situations. Rotor diameter, type of blade, and other

factors also have an impact on performance.

The creation of HAWT, the VAWT type utilized

as a substitute for HAWT, has been the subject of

numerous studies since the 1970s. Given that the

HAWT type is more efficient than the VAWT type,

the market wishes to see a large-scale production of

energy using this kind. Nonetheless, the VAWT type

is more cost-effective than the HAWT type and is

appropriate for usage in metropolitan areas where

installation and maintenance must be made simple.

VAWT has recently been applied for offshore as well

as wind energy purposes. As an illustration, consider

the Canadian Eole project, which uses the VAWT

offshore application. Though Darrieus VAWT is

theoretically less efficient than HAWT. On the other

hand, the Darrieus VAWT has a number of

advantages over a HAWT type on a big scale.

VAWT divided blades into two categories:

Savonius and Darrieus. Drag types are Savonius type

and lift types are Darrieus type. Innovation is still

needed, though, to enhance the performance of

VAWT in areas like angle of attack, blade design, and

other areas. Thus, in order to make improvements, the

parameters need to be examined. Computational fluid

dynamic (CFD) simulation is one of the numerical

techniques used to innovate in VAWT. It will be

simpler to innovate on the VAWT design by utilizing

CFD simulation. Its cost can be decreased to facilitate

analysis. When VAWT is applied in the field, the

simulation's results can be utilized to forecast actual

conditions.

Figure 1: VAWT type in wind turbine.

The study of Computational Fluid Dynamics

(CFD) uses digital computers to generate quantitative

Sinaga, M., Romadoni, A., Ahmudiarto, Y. and Arwanto, .

Comparison of Performance Multistage H-Type Darrieus Normal and Inverse Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with CFD Analysis.

DOI: 10.5220/0012583600003821

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 4th International Seminar and Call for Paper (ISCP UTA ’45 JAKARTA 2023), pages 411-415

ISBN: 978-989-758-691-0; ISSN: 2828-853X

411

predictions of fluid-flow phenomena based on the

conservation laws (mass, momentum, and energy

conservation) that govern fluid motion. Although

CFD is becoming more and more important, its

predictions are never totally accurate. When

analyzing the findings of CFD techniques, caution

must be exercised because there are numerous

possible sources of mistake that could be implicated.

Converting the partial differential equations

governing a physical phenomenon into an algebraic

system of equations is the cornerstone to many

numerical techniques. There are various methods

available for this conversion.

CFD is only a tool for fluid-flow problem

analysis. When utilized appropriately, it may rapidly

and affordably offer important information. The

fundamentals of the finite-difference and finite-

element approaches, as well as their uses in CFD.

Other numerical techniques that are frequently

employed in CFD include the spectrum approach and

the spectral element method. They are similar in that

they discretize the Navier-Stokes equations into an

algebraic system of equations.

Energy equations, Navier-Stokes equations, and

continuity equations are the common governing

equations in computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

This study examines three-dimensional, unstable,

incompressible, and viscous flow phenomena with

objects. The findings are in the form of moving

frames because the model was simulated in the

moving (rotation) domain. Consequently, the model's

Reynold-Averaged Navier-Stokes equation.

The basic mass conservation equation is known as

the continuity equation. A change in mass in the

volume control (CV) equal to the net rate of mass

entering CV is known as the law of mass

conservation. The following is the mass conservation

equation in integrals:







. 





u



.





.dA = 0, ∀v∈R

isdensity



Kg/m





, uisflowvelocitym/

s, andisdivergence term.

The Navier-Stokes equation in incompressible

viscous flow is described by the following equation:

































²



























́



́













0

Where 



is fluid velocity (m/s) , p is pressure (Pa),

and v is kinematic viscosity (m



/s.

METHODS

First, the geometry is described in this section. The

blade design model that will be examined using CFD

software. Three primary steps comprise CFD analysis

are pre-processing, processing, and post-processing.

Following the creation of the blade design, the

computational and rotating domains were created.

After that, the ANSYS program is prepared to

simulate the design.

Figure 2: Step of CFD analysis.

A. Pre-processing

In the pre-processing stage, the design of multistage

VAWT was built and then simulate in ANSYS CFD

software. H-type VAWT Blade design taken from

NACA 4212 prototype. The design is appropriate for

VAWT and has a good drag.

(a)

(b)

Figure 3: H-type VAWT (a) Normal and (b) inverse blade.

Pre-processing

Processing

Post-processing

ISCP UTA ’45 JAKARTA 2023 - THE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR AND CALL FOR PAPER (ISCP) UTA ’45 JAKARTA

412

The design of blade VAWT is h-type Darrieus

with normal and inverse position. The design of

VAWT blade has a rotor diameter of 2.5 m and the

total height of multistage vawt is 9.5 m. The angle of

attack 0º, 40º, and 80º and with 3 number of blades.

Figure 4: Design of multistage VAWT.

B. Processing

The ANSYS package with Fluent's CFD software is

used in this study's numerical setting. VAWT's

unique blade is simulated using ANSYS. The

incompressible unstable model Reynolds-averaged

Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are utilized since

the objects are simulated as being unsteady. Shear

Stress Transport (SST) hybrid k-ω is the chosen

turbulent model. The wind speed represented in the

simulation's velocity inlet 7 m/s. The RPM are 50,

100, and 150. Operating pressure at one atmosphere,

or ordinary atmospheric pressure. Air has a density of

1.1839 Kg/



C. Post-processing

The next step is to examine the results that obtained

from the simulation stage. The data from simulation

of CFD including streamlines, vector plots, and

contour plots. From the data, performance (power) of

VAWT can be calculated from the value of torque in

the simulation (P = T *ω).

(a)

(b)

(c)

Figure 5: Contra rotating multistage VAWT blade. (a) 0, (b)

40 and (c) 80 degrees.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The performance of h-type multistage VAWT was

determined from the results of the CFD simulation.

The torque measured during 360-degree rotations at

various RPM. The power displayed in table 1 and Fig.

8 for various RPM. Velocity and pressure contour

displayed in Fig. 6 and 7.

Comparison of Performance Multistage H-Type Darrieus Normal and Inverse Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with CFD Analysis

413

Figure 6: Velocity contour at boundary condition.

Figure 7: Pressure contour at boundary condition.

Table 1: Resuts of CFD analysis.

At 0-degree, h-type normal VAWT has better

power output (591.06 W) than h-type inverse VAWT

(24.56 W) at 50 RPm. But, at 100 and 150 RPM h-

type inverse VAWT has better power output than h-

type normal VAWT. In 100 RPM, h-type normal

VAWT has power output 83.06 W and h-type inverse

VAWT has power output 1102.47 W. In 150 RPM, h-

type normal VAWT has power output 1544.10 W and

h-type inverse VAWT has power output 3737.25 W.

At 40-degree, h-type normal VAWT has better

power output (391.80 W) than h-type inverse VAWT

(185.53 W) at 50 RPm. But, at 100 and 150 RPM h-

type inverse VAWT has better power output than h-

type normal VAWT. In 100 RPM, h-type normal

VAWT has power output 154.30 W and h-type

inverse VAWT has power output 922.80 W. In 150

RPM, h-type normal VAWT has power output

1680.76 W and h-type inverse VAWT has power

output 3765.055 W.

At 80-degree, h-type normal VAWT has better

power output (348.04 W) than h-type inverse VAWT

(37.22 W) at 50 RPm. But, at 100 and 150 RPM h-

type inverse VAWT has better power output than h-

type normal VAWT. In 100 RPM, h-type normal

VAWT has power output 340.45 W and h-type

inverse VAWT has power output 1468.63 W. In 150

RPM, h-type normal VAWT has power output

1680.76 W and h-type inverse VAWT has power

output 5558.59 W.

(a)

(b)

(c)

Figure 8: Graphic of RPM vs Power at (a) 0 °, (b) 40 °, and

ISCP UTA ’45 JAKARTA 2023 - THE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR AND CALL FOR PAPER (ISCP) UTA ’45 JAKARTA

414

CONCLUSION

In this study, h-type multistage VAWT analyzed with

a numerical method using Computational Fluid

Dynamic (CFD) analysis.The conclussionof the

analysis is h-type normal darrieus VAWT produce

more power in RPM 50 than h-type inverse darrieus

VAWT. Then, h-type inverse darrieus VAWT

produce more power in RPM 100 and 150 than h-type

normal darrieus VAWT. Therefore, h-type normal

darrieus suitable for low RPM (50 Rpm) in multistage

VAWT. In the future research refers to compare with

several type of VAWT design.

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