Indonesian Public Diplomacy Through the Conference Gala Dinner
High Level (Summit) G20 Bali 2022
Nurul Wahyuni and Indrawati
Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta, Indonesia
Keywords: Public Diplomacy, G20 Summit, Gala Dinner
Abstract: The G20 Summit, held in Bali on November 15-16, 2020, produced a joint declaration. The G20 summit
was welcomed, given that the summit was held amidst an unstable geopolitical situation and rising tensions
between major powers. The focus of this research is to see how much impact or effect a Gala Dinner event
has in Indonesia to outsiders and how successful the Gala Dinner is as a way of public diplomacy by
Indonesia to outsiders. This study uses a qualitative approach. This is because the results of this study are in
the form of descriptions that cannot be calculated. The data collection technique in this study was to collect
data from primary sources and various literature that supports the formulation of the research problem using
documentation techniques. The findings of this study confirm that Indonesia's public diplomacy at the G20
Summit Gala Dinner has been successful because Indonesia has managed to attract international media
attention, received a positive response from the international community, resulted in agreements and
cooperation with several G20 member countries, and received positive perceptions from the international
community. With the positive image of Indonesia created through the Gala Dinner at the G20 Summit in
Bali, Indonesia can strengthen diplomatic and business relations with G20 member countries, increase
tourism, and open up broader investment.
1 INTRODUCTION
The G20 Summit in Bali on November 15-16, 2020,
produced a joint declaration. The G20 Summit was
welcomed, considering that the high-level
conference was held amidst an unstable geopolitical
situation and increasing tensions between significant
countries. However, to what extent can Indonesian
diplomacy claim to have been successful? Indonesia
should be proud because
the declaration of the G20
Bali leaders can benefit the global
branding of the
Indonesian state (Ramadhan, 2020). The G20
Summit is one of Indonesia's diplomatic strategies.
The role of diplomacy in a country can be
classified as having a significant impact. This can be
seen from the development of the diplomatic
function itself. Initially, diplomacy was only a
means of foreign policy in international relations,
but now it has a role that is more than that (Aksoy,
2018). Public diplomacy focuses on increasing
people's knowledge about a
country and changing
people's views of that country.
Apart from that, it also focuses on increasing
public appreciation and improving relations between
countries through education and culture, so it can be
said that this diplomacy has a more subtle way of
conducting diplomacy. Because this diplomacy does
not use violent methods, it is included in soft power
diplomacy, which can be seen from the country's
cultural resources, values, and policies (Jayanti,
2019).
Several countries in the world have used this
method and achieved success in introducing culture
and culinary delights to other countries. One of the
countries is Indonesia.
Even though Indonesia itself is still a country
that is new to using this diplomatic method, it is
used to improve Indonesia. It is a multicultural
country with various cultures, religions, ethnicities,
races, arts, and customs that Indonesian people must
maintain and preserve.
Indonesia's diverse culture uniquely attracts the
international community (Khatrunada, 2019).
Indonesia can hold a Gala Dinner in the framework
of the 2022 G20 Summit, which will be held in Bali.
A Gala Dinner is usually held to celebrate, give
awards, or involve the broader community by
114
Wahyuni, N. and Indrawati, .
Indonesian Public Diplomacy Through the Conference Gala Dinner High Level (Summit) G20 Bali 2022.
DOI: 10.5220/0012641100003821
Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
In Proceedings of the 4th International Seminar and Call for Paper (ISCP UTA ’45 JAKARTA 2023), pages 114-123
ISBN: 978-989-758-691-0; ISSN: 2828-853X
Proceedings Copyright © 2024 by SCITEPRESS Science and Technology Publications, Lda.
serving several special foods. Usually, this Gala
Dinner serves three of four courses to seated guests.
The Gala Dinner was first held in the 19th century to
pay tribute to presidents and other important
officials, so it could be said that it was a Gala Dinner
is a dinner held by the president to welcome other
foreign heads of state as guests of honor (Arjanto,
2022).
The G20 is a multilateral cooperation forum
comprising nineteen significant countries and the
European Union, covering a range of economies
from middle to high-income and developing to
developed countries. Formed in 1999 based on the
ideas of the G7 member countries, namely the
United States, Canada, England, Germany, France,
Italy and Japan, the G20 involves the United States,
Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, England,
Germany, Italy, France, Russia, South Africa, Saudi
Arabia, Turkey, China, Japan, South Korea, India,
Indonesia, Australia and the European Union.
Despite having no official leader, the presidency
functions are usually held by one member for one
year. The G20 is vital because it covers more than
two-thirds of the world's population, 75% of global
trade, and 80% of the world's Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) (Kominfo, 2022).
Several diplomacies were carried out in the
framework of the G20 Summit, including holding a
Gala Dinner for state leaders and G20 delegates at
Garuda Wisnu Kencana Park (GWK), South Kuta,
Bali. At this event, many state leaders wore batik,
such as Chinese President Xi Jinping, Canadian
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, Japanese Prime
Minister Fumio Kishida, Indian Prime Minister
Narendra Modi, and the President of South Korea,
Yoon Suk Yeol.
At the Gala Dinner, guests were treated to
various culinary dishes from various regions in the
archipelago, including typical food from Bali, Java,
North Sulawesi, Lampung, West Sumatra, North
Sumatra, and Aceh. Some dishes served include
Aneka Ratna Mutumanikam as an appetizer
consisting of mango, seaweed, Balinese rujak spiced
salad, and Manado crab meat corn fritters.
Main dishes include Lampung wagyu beef
tenderloin, Padang rendang, cassava and potato
mousseline, asparagus in Balinese turmeric sauce,
and eggplant balado porridge. They served dessert
with Acehnese chocolate mousse, tuille rice, black
sticky rice with grated coconut, and coulis mango.
Not only that, apart from typical Indonesian
dishes, leaders of G20 member countries, delegates,
ministers, as well as former Presidents and Vice
Presidents of the Republic of Indonesia were also
entertained with cultural performances featuring
compiled traditional dances and songs, digital
theater projects projected onto the limestone walls of
GWK, and performances from musicians Andmesh
Kamaleng and RDP Hip Hop Generation.
Based on the background explained above, the
researcher wanted to explain and find out more
about the Gala Dinner event, which is used as a
force for Indonesian public diplomacy, so this
research was prepared entitled "Indonesian Public
Diplomacy Through the Gala Dinner of the G20 Bali
2022 High-Level Conference (KTT)”.
2 METHOD
The type of research used is library research, often
known as library study. The focus of this research is
to see how much impact or effect a Gala Dinner
event in Indonesia has on parties outside the country
and how successful the Gala Dinner is as one of the
methods of public diplomacy carried out by
Indonesia towards external parties.
The data collection technique in this research is
taking data from primary sources and various
literature that supports the formulation of this
research problem with documentation techniques.
The documentation technique is a technique that is
usually used to search for various data to answer
research questions, such as journals, character
biographies, stories, newspapers, and so on
(Sugiyono, 2012).
In this research, primary data was taken from the
number of viewers and comments that appeared via
social media such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter,
and other domestic and foreign social media. The
secondary data comes from five similar research
journals or previous research, plus books or other
journals that discuss the concepts of public
diplomacy, cultural diplomacy, the G20 Summit,
and the Gala Dinner.
Data analysis is a series of activities consisting of
organizing data, sorting data, searching and
discovering patterns, finding essential things that
must be studied, and making decisions about things
that can be shared with others (Moleong, 2009). In
this research, the data analysis techniques
researchers use are content analysis and descriptive
analytics.
In this research, source triangulation was carried
out through five previous journals, which will be
compared with current research. This requires
complete data collection and analysis so that the
results are comprehensive.
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3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Impact of Implementing the G20
Summit Gala Dinner
The G20 Gala Dinner in Bali succeeded in
showcasing Indonesian culture and culinary delights
to the international world. Dinner features a variety
of traditional Indonesian dishes, such as lettuce,
served as an appetizer. The G20 Summit held on 15-
16 November 2022 achieved the G20 Bali Leaders
Declaration, a significant achievement for
Indonesian diplomacy. The welcome dinner and
cultural performance on November 15, 2022, will
also showcase Indonesian culture.
The success of the G20 Summit and Gala Dinner
results from Indonesia's effective public diplomacy,
which highlights the importance of global
cooperation and strengthening diplomatic relations
between countries. Overall, Indonesia's public
diplomacy at the G20 Gala Dinner in Bali
successfully promoted Indonesian culture and
strengthened Indonesia's position as a global player.
The government remains the leading actor in
international relations activities, although non-
governmental actors continue to grow. The
government plays an important role, which includes
formal diplomatic processes.
Sinulingga (Sinulingga, 2020) stated that
successful public diplomacy can increase trust and
respect for the host country and positively influence
the economy, tourism, and investment. Improvement
of Indonesia's image obtained from. The
international community's positive response to the
G20 Summit Gala Dinner in Bali can bring long-
term benefits to Indonesia, such as economic
growth, solid diplomatic relations, increased tourist
visits, and improved national image and pride. The
success of these cultural events and performances
can improve Indonesia's reputation as a country
hosting international events and improve diplomatic
relations with other countries.
3.2 Positive Response to the G20
Summit Gala Dinner
The G20 Summit Gala Dinner is essential for the
international economy and for Indonesia as the host.
As the host, Indonesia must pay attention to all
aspects and prepare as best as possible for the event
to run well and not disappoint other heads of state.
The importance of this event and the many other
countries also joining in have made this event a hot
and lively topic of conversation, especially on social
media. Various conversations on social media
started on November 13, 2022, two days before the
event took place.
On November 15, 2022 (or the first day of the
G20 Summit Gala Dinner), it was found that the
number of conversations was between 30 and 40
thousand, while the number of people discussing this
topic was between 10 and 20 thousand people. Then,
it reached its highest peak on November 17, 2022.
On this date, the number of conversations was
54,335, and the number of people talking about the
event was 37,527. The large number obtained
indicates that social media has attracted public
attention and made this event go viral. The following
will describe the response of foreign communities to
the G20 Summit event.
Figure 1: Public response to the G20 Gala Dinner on
Twitter.
The image above is an example of comments
regarding the G20 Summit Gala Dinner. The G20
India Twitter account shared a tweet about the
Welcome Dinner for the leaders of the G20
countries and other invitees attending the G20
Summit in Bali. This message generated 149
Retweets, 8 Quotes, 723 Likes, and 7 Marks. A
YouTube video titled "G20 Summit Indonesia 2022 |
World Leaders Take Part in G20 Gala Dinner | Live"
shows world leaders participating in a Gala Dinner
during the G20 Summit in Bali.
Figure 2: Response of Overseas Netizens.
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Apart from that, the Presidential Secretariat
YouTube, which broadcast the Gala Dinner event,
was also commented on by Indonesian netizens and
foreign netizens. Netizens gave various positive
comments, as found in the comments column.
Figure 3: Public response to the G20 Gala Dinner on
YouTube.
Judging from the image above, this YouTube
account has 2.41 million followers. The image above
is an example of a video uploaded by this account
which shows the G20 Gala Dinner event live. The
video was watched 2,560,634 times and received 53
thousand likes and 4,711 comments. Almost all of
the comments were positive, and the people who
gave comments came from several countries.
The example above shows comments made by
one Indian citizen and a Swedish citizen. A
comment given by an Indian citizen stated that he
was proud of Indonesia, which still respects Hindu
customs even though most Indonesian citizens are
Muslim. A comment given by a Swedish citizen
showed that he was proud of Indonesia and Bali
(Widodo, 2022).
Figure 4: Public Response to the G20 Gala Dinner on
YouTube.
A video on YouTube above shows the
atmosphere at the Gala Dinner venue, with the
guests arriving and the preparations being made for
the event. In the video, he praises Indonesian
President Jokowi for wearing traditional Balinese
clothing at the Gala Dinner, welcoming the leaders
of participating countries.
Figure 5: Public response to the G20 Gala Dinner on
YouTube.
One on YouTube reacted to the G20 Gala Dinner
in Bali, saying, "Wow, serious eye candy. Another
YouTube video shows a Nigerian reacting to a
cultural performance at the G20 Bali event, saying,
"This is amazing." This video also shows the
expressions of the leaders of participating countries
as they enjoy cultural performances at the Gala
Dinner held during the G20 Summit in Bali.
Figure 6: Public Response to the G20 Gala Dinner on
YouTube.
YouTube reaction video by Gianni Bravo Ska
shows the host reacting positively to the cultural
performance at the G20 Gala Dinner in Bali. This
YouTuber was impressed by the cultural
performance and traditional clothing worn by
Indonesian President Jokowi at the Gala Dinner held
during the G20 Summit in Bali. He described the
cultural performance as extraordinary and expressed
interest in the preparations and atmosphere of the
venue.
Figure 7: Public Response to the G20 Gala Dinner on
Instagram. Source: www.instagram.com.
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In this video, you can see positive comments
saying that the Gala Dinner was a spectacular show!
Opening dinner welcoming the G20 Indonesia
Summit Gala Dinner in Bali, Indonesia. This is an
example of how Indonesia hosts international events
very well. Truly world-class. We also hope to host
other major world events like the 2036 Olympics.
Figure 8: French President Emmanuel Macron expressing
his admiration for the G20 Summit Gala Dinner. Source:
www.tiktok.com.
The video above shows French President
Emmanuel Macron expressing his admiration for the
G20 Summit Gala Dinner and praising the
appearance of the Gala Dinner, which was very
beautiful and succeeded in attracting the attention of
the French President through the cultural dances
performed at the Gala Dinner. In the video, the
French President also said he was amazed by the
tolerance of various cultures at the Gala Dinner.
The French President's statement regarding the
beauty displayed at the Gala Dinner event shows
that Indonesia has succeeded in holding an
international class event and that Indonesia is also a
unique and highly tolerant country with the cultural
diversity that exists in Indonesia.
Figure 9: French President Emmanuel Macron walking
home. Source:www.tiktok.com.
The video above shows French President
Emmanuel Macron stating that he is very
comfortable and amazed to be in Bali. After the Bali
G20 Summit dinner, French President Emmanuel
Macron walked around Bali for around 2 km before
returning to the hotel using the Mercedes Benz G
Class presidential car. Despite wearing the same
white shirt and trousers at the banquet, Macron
exited the car and walked under tight guard. During
walking, he greeted and took selfies with Balinese
people he met on the street at around 22.00 WITA.
French President Emmanuel Macron, walking in
Bali, interacting with residents, and taking selfies
shows the image of Indonesia as a friendly and safe
country. The actions of netizens reflect peace and
security in the neighborhood. It gives the French
President and the international community a positive
impression of the friendliness and warm welcome
given by the Indonesian people. President Macron's
courage to walk among Balinese people shows his
trust and confidence that the environment is safe and
friendly.
This also shows that the Indonesian authorities
have taken adequate security measures to maintain a
safe situation for the state's guests. The positive
interactions between President Macron and
residents, including greetings and taking selfies
together, reflect the friendliness and friendliness of
the Indonesian people. This strengthens Indonesia's
image as a friendly tourist destination and welcomes
guests from various countries. The incident where
President Macron held and kissed the baby of a
mother named Ni Luh Ana Putri Ani added an
emotional dimension to the French President's
interaction with the Balinese people. The video of
the moment was uploaded by netizens to TikTok and
went viral, attracting the attention of many
worldwide events.
Apart from that, this incident also reflects the
strong presence of social media technology in
sharing important moments virally. That way, this
moment can quickly attract widespread attention and
provide a positive picture of the relationship
between Indonesia's head of state and society.
Things like this give the impression that Indonesia is
a warm country that welcomes guests with open
arms and builds emotional relationships with
visitors. This can positively impact people's
perception of Indonesia as a tourist destination and
friendly country.
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Figure 10: Heart emoticon comments Source:
www.instagram.com.
Many foreign netizens commented on the
@g20org post above and gave heart emoticons.
Heart emoticons are generally used as a symbol of
expression of love, affection, or joy. Regarding
positive comments about holding the G20 Summit
Gala Dinner, using heart emoticons can show joy,
appreciation, and support for the event.
When someone uses a heart emoticon in a
positive comment, it can indicate that they feel
happy and excited about the success of the Gala
Dinner at the G20 Summit. They appreciate the
efforts made by the state host in organizing quality
and well-organized events.
Heart emoticons can also reflect pride and
satisfaction with the positive image promoted by
holding the Gala Dinner. Netizens consider it a good
achievement in strengthening diplomatic relations,
advancing global policies, and contributing to the
local economy and tourism. Research conducted by
Abdul Halim stated that the opinions expressed by
the public regarding the G20 Summit Gala Dinner
on social media were positive. This positive opinion
can be used as input in developing a decision
support system for the government in making
policies regarding implementing state activities in
the future (Anshor, 2022).
From several public responses on various social
media, it can be concluded that the public remains
enthusiastic or interested in discussing the G20
Summit Gala Dinner event. This is because the
account owner's social media management is carried
out by providing public information that suits the
needs of other social media users. Good social media
management will give an excellent image to the G20
Summit Gala Dinner event. In contrast, poor social
media management will make the G20 Summit Gala
Dinner. Whether social media management is good
or not can be seen through uploaded posts that do
not provide detailed public information (Citra,
2021).
Social media as an image is one of the most
exciting media functions. Image is an impression
that can arise due to understanding reality. In other
words, an image is a picture of information about an
object or subject. Social media is also a means of
digital diplomacy that has developed no longer just
as a tool for disseminating information and building
positive perceptions but rather as an effort to
establish communication between individuals so that
a sense of mutual understanding arises.
This feeling can encourage the formation of
positive support. Because this new digital diplomacy
aims to generate understanding and assess people's
responsiveness to social media, it is seen through the
amount and depth of dialogue. This change in the
digital concept began because it developed from
public diplomacy.
Public diplomacy is a form used for countries to
understand culture, attitudes, and behavior, build and
manage relationships, influence minds, and mobilize
action to advance their interests and values
(Kurniawati, 2020). At the G20 Summit Gala
Dinner, Indonesia indirectly used this moment to
carry out public diplomacy through cultures
packaged in various performances presented at the
event. Regarding social media, the event wants to
give people the same understanding about the G20
Summit Gala Dinner event.
The dialogue between the public and social
media account owners can be a bridge for building
the same values regarding a phenomenon.
Communication or relationships between
individuals can enable individuals to acquire shared
knowledge.
This shared knowledge makes it easier for
individuals in a group to imitate the behavior and
thoughts of a group (Kurniawati, 2020). Several
people were enthusiastic about responding on social
media covering the G20 Summit Gala Dinner event.
However, it was not very good because the account
owner did not provide answers or respond to
comments given by the public. In this way, it can
close the opportunity for dialogue, essential to
bridge the emergence of understanding.
The research results show that the G20 Summit
Gala Dinner in Indonesia positively impacted
Indonesia's image. The Gala Dinner is an
opportunity for Indonesia to show its cultural and
gastronomic diversity and its ability to organize
large and successful events. Apart from that, the
presence of state leaders in Indonesia is also
considered a sign of recognition of Indonesia's
potential as a developing country and has a vital role
at the international level.
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3.3 Improving Indonesia's Image
The image of a country will influence relations with
other countries. This can be seen in the trade,
investment, and tourism sectors. The country's
image is influenced by state administrators' behavior
in managing the state or state administrators and
their citizens when they go abroad, whether
studying, working, or doing business. It is not easy;
building the image of a country requires deeper
digging, both in the form of excellent
communication and service to every newcomer who
visits our country and a culture of life that is not
negative. Meanwhile, industry and technology are
separate pillars in providing an image (Kresnarini,
2011).
Positive comments regarding the holding of the
G20 Summit Gala Dinner in Bali obtained from
searches on social media, YouTube, and official
media reflect appreciation for various aspects of the
event and improve Indonesia's image in the eyes of
the world.
Several aspects that can provide an overview of
Indonesia's image from the public's response are
based on the extent to which they feel safe and
protected during the event. If effective security
measures are taken, and participants feel
comfortable, Indonesia's image as a host that can
maintain security will improve. A positive response
to professionalism and efficiency in event
implementation will reflect a positive image of
Indonesia.
Apart from friendly behavior and exemplary
service to participants and spectators, it will build
Indonesia's warm and welcoming host image. The
international community will appreciate the friendly
gestures and cultural friendliness demonstrated by
the staff and volunteers during the event.
The availability of adequate infrastructure and
facilities, such as modern venues, good accessibility,
smooth transportation, and adequate
accommodation, will give a positive impression of
Indonesia as a host for international events.
Also, you can introduce Indonesian culture
through artistic performances, culinary delights, and
other cultures as reliable and capable hosts,
strengthening Indonesia's image as a country rich in
cultural heritage. Bringing local uniqueness to an
international event will provide an unforgettable
experience for participants and spectators.
The public's positive response to these various
aspects can strengthen Indonesia's image as a host of
international events. The better the public response
to holding the event, the better Indonesia's image as
a successful host and committed to holding
international events.
So, it can be said that the cultural diplomacy
carried out by Indonesia at the Bali G20 Summit
Gala Dinner gave a positive impression to the
international guests who attended. In this event,
Indonesia succeeded in showcasing the richness of
Bali's culture, fine arts, culinary arts, handicrafts,
and stunning natural beauty. This gave an
unforgettable impression to the international guests
who attended this event and increased Indonesia's
positive image in the eyes of the world.
Wishnutama led this spectacular Gala Dinner as
an International Organizer (IO). Wishnutama is a
professional involved in various significant events,
from the Asian Games to the Gala Dinner.
Previously, at the 2018 Asian Games held in Jakarta
and Palembang, Wishnutama played an essential
role as IO. The Asian Games are the biggest sporting
event in Asia, involving thousands of athletes from
various countries. Wishnutama demonstrated its
organizational skills by successfully managing the
event, including coordinating with various related
parties, maintaining a tight schedule, and providing
an unforgettable experience for participants and
spectators.
Figure 11: The Prime Minister of India and the Prime
Minister of the United States Expressed Their Amazement
at the Magnificence of the Gala Dinner Source:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qELpnbg2alg.
The video above shows the Prime Minister of
India, Modi, and the Prime Minister of the United
States, curious and expressing admiration for the
grandeur of the G20 Summit Gala Dinner.
Wishnutama's expertise is increasingly recognized
through organizing an extraordinary Gala Dinner.
Wishnutama organized and hosted this event
smoothly, creating an elegant atmosphere and an
unforgettable culinary experience for guests.
Through achievements like these, Indonesia has
earned an organizing international event
successfully. This not only gives pride to the country
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but also has a positive impact on tourism, the
economy, and the promotion of Indonesia in the eyes
of the world.
Previously, Indonesia's image regarding security
may have been inadequate. News about security
problems or political instability can influence the
international community's perception of security in
Indonesia.
Disturbances to state stability are often caused by
divisions arising from political groups based on
religious identity and nationalism. The spread of
hoax news, persecution, restrictions on democratic
space, and other evidence of a crisis of distrust in the
government.
A series of bomb explosion incidents that
occurred in Bali and several other regions in
Indonesia in the period 2002- 2005 had an impact on
negative perceptions of Indonesia's image. In
particular, the death of foreign citizens, especially
from Australia, as a result of this incident has
triggered an unfavorable international view of
Indonesia. In response to this situation, Indonesia
has conducted various diplomatic efforts to restore
the country's image, which was tarnished due to
these incidents.
However, Indonesia's image can improve
through the success of a well-organized Gala
Dinner. The Gala Dinner's success can attract
international media's attention and receive favorable
coverage. News and coverage that depicts Indonesia
as a successful host of international events will
strengthen the positive image of the country of
Indonesia.
Indonesia succeeded in showing the richness of
Indonesian culture and art to international guests in
an interactive and immersive way. This can increase
international guests' interest and appreciation for
Indonesian arts and culture and strengthen
Indonesia's positive image as a country with
invaluable cultural riches.
Thus, a positive image of Indonesia is essential
in strengthening Indonesia's position in the eyes of
the world and opening up new opportunities for
Indonesia's progress in various fields.
3.4 Tourism Improvement
The G20 Summit Gala Dinner in Bali in November
2022 will positively impact Bali's tourism industry.
Based on the results of the analysis, there is a
correlation between the G20 Summit Gala Dinner
and the increase in the number of tourists in Bali.
The recorded number of domestic and international
tourists at peak activities and meetings reached
20,559 people, and arrivals to Bali now reach an
average of 24,009 daily.
Data for December 2022 shows that an average
of 12,281 foreign tourists entered Bali via I Gusti
Ngurah Rai International Airport daily, an increase
of around 14% compared to November 2022, which
was 9,809 per day. If you look at the daily average
in a year, especially in 2022, December has the
highest daily average. October also recorded a
relatively high daily average, namely 10,090 people.
From January 2022 to December 25, 2022, a total of
2,124,226 foreign tourists entered Bali through this
airport (Government, 2022)
Table 1: Increase in the number of tourists in Bali.
This table shows a significant increase in the
average number of foreign tourists per day in Bali in
December 2022, with an increase of around 14%
compared to November 2022. Meanwhile, the daily
average number of domestic passengers entering
Bali via the International Airport I Gusti Ngurah Rai
on 1-25 December 2022 is 14,339 people per day.
In the previous month, the daily average only
reached 11,281 people per day. The highest daily
average number of domestic passengers in 2022 will
also occur in December 2022 (Admin, 2023). The
increase in tourist arrivals to Bali in December 2022
cannot be separated from the positive impact of the
successful G20 Summit in November in Bali. An
article also reported that the number of visitors to the
Garuda Wisnu Kencana Cultural Park (GWK) in
Bali increased to 5,500 people per day after the G20
Summit (Government, 2022)
Table 2: Increase in Domestic Visits.
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This table shows an increase in domestic
passenger visits to Bali in December 2022, with an
increase of around 26.96% compared to November
2022. In addition, the highest daily average number
of domestic passengers in 2022 also occurred in
December 2022.
Apart from that, data from the Bali Province
Central Statistics Agency shows that until May
2023, positive growth was recorded in the number of
foreign tourist visits to Indonesia. During this
period, the number of foreign tourists coming to
Indonesia reached 945,590 visits, showing an
increase of around 9.21 percent compared to the
previous month. Of the total foreign tourists,
439,475 direct visits went to Bali.
This fact illustrates that more than 46.47 percent
of the foreign tourists entering Indonesia chose Bali
as their entry point. Most foreign tourists visit Bali
during May 2023, as presented in the Official
Statistical News report regarding the progress of
Bali tourism by the Bali Province Central Statistics
Agency (BPS).
Source: Bali.bps.go.id.
Figure 12.
3.5 Economic Improvement
In the third quarter of 2022, Bali's economy
experienced significant growth of up to 8% year-on-
year compared to 3% in the previous quarter. In line
with the Minister of Tourism and Creative Economy,
Sandiaga Uno, he stated that holding the G20
Summit in Bali provided a strong impetus for the
recovery of Indonesia's tourism sector.
In the given context, although the impact of the
G20 Summit on the national economy directly is not
very significant, some data shows a positive impact
on the Bali economy, namely economic growth in
Bali and Nusa Tenggara in the third quarter of 2022
reached 8 .1% (year on year/yoy), more than double
compared to growth in the second quarter of 2022
which only reached 3.05%.
This shows an increase in economic activity in
the area. The occupancy rate of hotels around the
location of the G20 Summit increased significantly
before the event was held, reaching 45.96%. This
shows an increase in tourist demand related to this
event. The central government has invested IDR
526.54 billion to beautify the Nusa Dua, Sanur, and
Ubud areas. This shows an increase in infrastructure
in the area, which can support the growth of the
tourism sector and the local economy.
In addition, the Bali Province Central Statistics
Agency noted that Bali's economy in the first quarter
of 2023 experienced growth of 6.04 percent when
compared to the first quarter of 2022. In connection
with the increase in air transportation activity, there
was an increase in the number of foreign tourist visits
in the first quarter of 2023. An increase in Added
value in the transportation sector and providing food
and drink accommodation has a positive impact as a
driver for other industrial sectors.
Apart from that, the growth in financial
transactions also follows the spirit of an economy
increasingly moving forward. These notes, as a
whole, reflect the sustainable recovery of the Bali
economy in the first quarter of 2023 compared to the
same period in the previous year.
Added value in Category H (Transportation and
Warehousing) in the first quarter of 2023 increased
36.23 percent compared to the first quarter of 2022,
thanks to increased land, sea, air, river, and lake
transportation activities and warehousing.
International flight traffic experienced a significant
increase. Data from I Gusti Ngurah Rai International
Airport, Denpasar Bali, shows an increase of more
than 9 thousand percent in passenger departures on
international routes during the first quarter of 2023
compared to the first quarter of 2022.
An increase was also seen in domestic departures,
namely 28.19 percent. Reports from ASDP
Gilimanuk and Padangbai recorded an increase of
around 176 percent in passengers passing through the
port. Sea transportation also experienced a significant
increase, with passengers reaching around 814
percent.
Source: Bali.bps.go.id.
Figure 13.
ISCP UTA ’45 JAKARTA 2023 - THE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR AND CALL FOR PAPER (ISCP) UTA ’45 JAKARTA
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This data shows the positive impact of the G20
Summit on the regional economy. Even though the
impact is more limited to Bali, the data above shows
that the G20 Summit Gala Dinner has positively
impacted the regional economy. High economic
growth rates, increased hotel occupancy, and
investment in infrastructure are indications that This
event has encouraged economic growth in Bali.
PPKM restrictions in Bali still apply during the
Gala G20 Summit Dinner in November 2022.
According to the circular (Surat Circular PPKM
35425/SEKRET/2022) mentioned in the Bali.com
article, restrictions are in effect from 12 to 17
November 2022 (Admin, 2023). It was also stated
that the increase in tourist visits to Bali in December
2022 cannot be separated from the successful impact
of the G20 Summit in November in Bali
(Government, 2022).
In addition, the sales of Bomba batik, a typical
Palu batik, reached 30% thanks to the attention
given to this fabric during the G20 Summit in Bali.
Bomba batik craftsmen reported a significant spike
in demand because various prominent figures wore
Bomba batik during the event.
4 CONCLUSION
The Gala Dinner held at the G20 Summit in Bali is a
clear example of how public diplomacy can be used
to improve a country's image internationally.
Indonesia's public diplomacy at the G20 Summit
Gala Dinner was successful because Indonesia
succeeded in attracting the attention of international
media, received a positive response from the
international community, and resulted in agreements
and cooperation with several member countries.
More specifically, the author concludes that the
impact of successful public diplomacy can increase
trust and respect for the host country and positively
influence the economy, tourism, and investment.
The improvement in Indonesia's image resulting
from the international community's positive response
to the G20 Summit Gala Dinner in Bali has the
potential to bring long-term benefits to Indonesia,
such as economic growth, solid diplomatic relations,
increased tourist visits, as well as improving the
nation's image and pride. The success of these
cultural events and performances can improve
Indonesia's reputation as a country hosting
international events and improve diplomatic
relations with other countries.
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