Benefits of Using Mass Rapid Transit in Jakarta

Bobby Reza and Sri Muharomi

University 17 August 1945 Jakarta, Jl. Sunter Permai Raya, North Jakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Transportation, Mass Rapid Transit, NVivo.

Abstract: This research aims to obtain concepts and information about what benefits the community receives when

using Mass Rapid Transit in Jakarta. The research data sources are online news, YouTube, and research

articles for five years, namely from 2019 to 2023. Data sources are selected based on the credibility and

suitability of the data to the problem being studied. Data processing uses NVivo 12 Plus software. There are

four stages of data processing, namely the data input process, coding process, visualization process, and

conclusion determination process. Coding validity was evaluated using a triangulation approach. The research

results obtained five benefit points obtained by the community. First, Mass Rapid Transit opens many

opportunities for workers. Second, Mass Rapid Transit cuts travel time. Third, Mass Rapid Transit saves

energy. Fourth, Mass Rapid Transit provides various conveniences. Fifth, Mass Rapid Transit reduces air

pollution. The community can feel the implications of the research results, especially those living in the DKI

Jakarta area. With these five benefits, Mass Rapid Transit is expected to be able to help and provide a better

transportation system in Jakarta.

1 INTRODUCTION

Indonesia is one of the top 5 countries with the largest

population in the world. Automatically, there is a

need to develop tools that support the productivity of

residents. There is no exception in the field of

transportation. Indonesia's vast territory certainly

requires adequate transportation technology. Land,

sea, and air transportation technology is now

available in Indonesia. However, behind all this

completeness, something is missing. The number of

accidents on roads, railways, Indonesian waters, and

national air routes proves Indonesia is still far from

perfect. Congestion everywhere makes it

uncomfortable for residents to spend too long on

public transportation and buy private vehicles, which

adds to traffic jams. (Sutrisno, 2016)

The government currently prioritizes

infrastructure as part of its focus on economic

development. With economic growth in the range of

5%, the government wants connectivity, economic

equality, and the creation of new financial centers in

various regions. A country's growth and development

occur when all elements of the nation can be carried

out sustainably to advance the economy in big cities

in Indonesia and the regions. Currently, Jakarta, as the

country's capital, the center of government,

economic, and business activities, has a significant

role in advancing the country's economy, considering

that almost 50% of the country's financial turnover is

in Jakarta. On the other hand, the problem of traffic

jams is a common occurrence in Jakarta and has not

been resolved to date. With high population mobility,

both in Jakarta and residents around the buffer zone

of Jakarta who work in Jakarta, such as Bogor,

Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi, demand good

infrastructure and extensive mass transportation

modes, which can carry large capacity but are fast and

environmentally friendly. On June 17, 2008, PT Mass

Rapid Transit Jakarta (PT MRT Jakarta) was formed

by the DKI regional government with the legal entity

of a Limited Liability Company with majority shares

owned by the DKI provincial government. The

operation of the MRT, which is centered in Lebak

Bulus, South Jakarta, and as a depot, will impact

economic activities around the area. One is the Points

Square Lebak Bulus shopping center, close to the

Lebak Bulus MRT station. Points Square has been

operating since 2005 with an area of 2.5 hectares.

Before the MRT worked and was still under

construction, several business actors in Points Square

complained about the lack of buyers. Difficult road

access during the construction of the MRT is thought

to be one of the reasons consumers are reluctant to

370

Reza, B. and Muharomi, S.

Beneﬁts of Using Mass Rapid Transit in Jakarta.

DOI: 10.5220/0012643100003821

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 4th International Seminar and Call for Paper (ISCP UTA ’45 JAKARTA 2023), pages 370-375

ISBN: 978-989-758-691-0; ISSN: 2828-853X

buy at Points Square. This is, of course, inversely

proportional to the strategic location of Poins Square,

and the MRT line has quite promising business

potential. With the high mobility of people using

transportation, it also encourages changes in people's

needs for shopping. (Prakoso & Ali, 2020)

Economic losses due to traffic jams in Jakarta

based on research results from the Rainbow

Foundation in 2005 were estimated at Rp. 12.8

trillion/year includes time, fuel, and health costs. Air

pollution due to motorized vehicles contributes to 80

percent of pollution in Jakarta. The Jakarta MRT is

emissions in the city. Based on this study, it is clear

that DKI Jakarta needs more reliable mass

transportation like the MRT. (Sutrisno, 2016)

Several things have been achieved in previous

research achievements related to the problems

studied. (Sutrisno, 2016) stated that realizing that city

planning does not allow for additional fleets on dirt

roads, the government plans to build MRT (Mass

Rapid Transit) along Jakarta. The plan is to start from

Lebak Bulus and expand until it reaches the entire

city. It is hoped that this development will help the

community and city development. (Jakarta et al.,

2020) The MRT is necessary for Jakarta and benefits

Jakarta residents by assisting them in overcoming

congestion problems; the MRT can also increase

economic growth. (Last, 2019) also states that the

MRT can help reduce air pollution from private

vehicles. This can help keep the air healthy and clean,

creating a better environment.

The difference between this research and previous

research lies in the problem studied and the resulting

research recommendations. Research was conducted

to answer systematic questions about the benefits of

using the MRT in Jakarta. This research carries out a

coding process from various sources, combines

coding in one visualization model, and determines

conclusions utilizing the triangulation principle.

The main objective of building the MRT system

is to provide city residents with the opportunity to

increase the quality and quantity of travel/mobility to

become more reliable, trustworthy, safe, comfortable,

affordable, and economical. The benefit of having the

MRT is that it can reduce vehicle density on the road

because it is hoped that it can divert people who use

private vehicles to mass transportation. The

construction of the Jakarta MRT is also expected to

impact Jakarta and its citizens positively.

2 LITERATUR REVIEW

MRT (Mass Rapid Transit) is an urban transportation

system that has three main criteria: mass (large

carrying capacity), rapid (fast travel time and high

frequency), and transit (stops at many stations at main

urban points). MRT can be interpreted as a mode of

transportation capable of transporting passengers in

large numbers (mass) with very high frequency and

speed (rapid). According to the mode, MRT can be

grouped into several types: bus (bus lane/busway),

subway, tram, and monorail. MRT buses can be

distinguished from ordinary transport buses and other

vehicles because they are usually shuttle buses that

have specific travel routes and operate in particular

lanes, so they are often called bus lanes/busways.

Cities in developing countries typically choose

busway-type MRT more because its development

requires cheaper costs than subways, monorails, or

trams. In principle, in the form of a subway, MRT has

the same operating system as a train. However, the

technical construction is different because the subway

is underground, but the stations are directly connected

to the activity center. London was the first city to

implement a subway system as a mode of high-speed

mass transportation in 1863. Trams are a form of

MRT with a mode of transportation similar to trains,

but the operating routes can be integrated with

highways. In operation, there are two types of trams:

(1) trams whose operating lanes merge with vehicle

traffic lanes and (2) trams that have their operational

route known as light rail. Monorail is an MRT with

certain lines and usually does not occupy large areas

of city space. Monorail usually consists of one route

with a loop track system with several stop stations

connecting to other MRTs or directly to specific

activity locations. (Sutrisno, 2016). Andiyan et al.

(2021) trace the research results regarding the

analysis of the benefits of developing railway

infrastructure on the island of Java, which is that

reducing traffic density impacts reducing pollution

from other land transportation modes. It is shown that

the implementation of HST will positively contribute

to the environment, reducing pollution by

207,982,695.13 tons of CO2 on the island of Java.

The impact of reducing CO2 pollution will provide

benefits in improving public health by reducing upper

respiratory tract infections (ARI), reducing damage to

the human nervous system, and increasing the level

of human intelligence (IQ) so that it has an impact on

improving society's productivity.

Beneﬁts of Using Mass Rapid Transit in Jakarta

371

3 METHODS

This research uses qualitative research methods

using a systematic literature review approach. The

literature studied comes not only from research

articles but also from several sources obtained

online. Sources of data processed come from

YouTube, online news, and research articles. The

data must come from a credible source, whether

YouTube channels, online news, or other sources.

Data is searched using keywords that match the

research question. The consideration for using this

data is due to the availability of adequate internet

data that can be accessed quickly (Hafidhah &

Yandari, 2021). The selected data sample was

published during the last three years, namely, 2021

to 2023. The data processing uses NVivo 12 Plus

software. This software was chosen because it can

produce coding visualization images, and the way to

use the software is very user-friendly (Tambun &

Sitorus, 2023).

Four stages are carried out in the data processing

process with NVivo: the data input stage, coding

stage, visualization stage, and conclusion stage

(Sitorus & Tambun, 2023). In the first stage, data

input, two methods are used: internal and external

data. Internal data is data input to NVivo without

using an internet connection. This data is usually data

that is already available on the laptop, such as

research articles. Meanwhile, external data is input

into NVivo using an internet connection; the data

input process uses the capture for the NVivo facility.

Examples of external data originating from the

internet include YouTube, online news, and social

media. The second stage is coding data according to

the answers to the research question. Coding is

simple words or sentences that are answers to

research questions. At this stage, content analysis is

carried out, namely, understanding the research

data's words or sentences (Tambun, 2021).

Specifically for the coding process for YouTube data

or social media sources in video form, coding is

carried out after a transcript of the YouTube content

or video. Analysis was done by making transcripts;

then, a coding process was carried out (Salahuddin et

al., 2020). The third stage is to create a coding

visualization image. Visualization coding is a

collection of coding that forms an image. Coding

images are interconnected with various data sources.

This coding image is analyzed in the process of

drawing research conclusions. The fourth stage is

determining research conclusions. Research

conclusions are answers to research questions. The

answer can be seen from the existing coding. Coding

is considered to have strong validity if the coding is

confirmed from various data sources. Coding

validity is substantial if it is confirmed at least three

times from various data sources. This principle uses

triangulation to measure coding validity (Natow,

2020). Next, the coding is sorted based on the most

confirmations to the coding with the fewest

confirmations. These codes are used as answers to

research questions, as well as research conclusions.

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This research produced several references consisting

of 5 Online News, 1 YouTube, 1 Social Media, or

Instagram. The coding process was carried out using

Nvivo 12 Plus Software. 5 codings are valid and

confirmed at least three times in the data sources

studied. Figure 1 is a visualization image of the

resulting coding.

All coding in Figure 1 is an answer to the research

question. Coding comes from content analysis of the

various data studied. The coding process uses the

facilities available in the NVivo 12 Plus software. The

following is a summary table and intensity of each

coding created.

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Figure 1: Coding Visualization Image.

Table 1: Recapitulation of Coding.

No. Coding Intensity Reference

1 Absorb Many Job

Opportunities

● Medcom. id (2020) – Online News

● Stravenues (2023) – Instagram

● Newsroom Narrative (2023) – YouTube

2 Cutting Time 3

● Akselaran Blog (2019) – Online News

● Desty (2019) – Online News

● Kumparan.com (2023) – Online News

3 Energy Saving 3

● Desty (2019) – Online News

● Kumparan.com (2023) – Online News

● Jakartamrt.co.id (2020) – Online News

4 MRT Provides

Convenience

● Akselaran Blog (2019) – Online News

● Kumparan.com (2023) – Online News

● Jakartamrt.co.id (2020) – Online News

5 Reduce Air Pollution 3

● Akselaran Blog (2019) – Online News

● Desty (2019) – Online News

● Jakartamrt.co.id (2020) – Online News

4.1 Absorb Many Job Opportunities

Jakarta says that the development of modern

transportation infrastructure has benefits. Apart from

impacting the country's economy, for example, it

opens up job opportunities for the community. Labor.

For phase two of the 2020 period, with a project value

of IDR 1.55 trillion, the workforce absorbed reached

356 people. Furthermore, for the 2021 period, with a

project value of IDR 3.59 trillion, the workforce

absorbed will reach 1,259 people. This figure is

significant because many workers were laid off due

to COVID-19. According to William P. Sabandar,

this transportation development can absorb local

employment of up to 10,000 people from various

sectors. (Jakarta et al., 2020)

4.2 Cutting Time

Indonesian people, especially DKI Jakarta, should be

proud of the presence of this modern, high-tech mode

of transportation such as the MRT. This MRT is

Beneﬁts of Using Mass Rapid Transit in Jakarta

373

relatively modern, trendy, comfortable, and fast.

Many benefits can be gained from the presence of the

MRT in Jakarta. This transportation is also suitable

for work purposes or just walking around. The benefit

of the Aklai MRT is that it saves time. The presence

of this MRT can reduce travel time even more than

private vehicles, especially for workers who are

known for their high daily mobility. It is hoped that

the MRT can become a mode of transportation that

can persuade urban residents who use private vehicles

to use the MRT (Ma et al., 2019)

4.3 Energy Saving

Developed countries widely use MRT because it is

considered more profitable than other modes of

transportation. The book Towards a Golden Indonesia

Through Organizational Culture and Work Culture by

Gathot Supriono (2022) explains that the MRT is rail-

based urban mass transportation. However, MRT is

different because it uses technology. More

sophisticated. MRT is a type of heavy rail transit

train, where some of the MRT lines in Jakarta, from

Senayan to Bundaran, HI, are underground. Each

MRT Jakarta series has a capacity of up to 1,900

people per departure. By riding the Jakarta MRT, we

have helped support savings in fuel energy use. (Ma

et al., 2019) (Window on the World, 2023)

4.4 MRT Provides Convenience

This problem prompted PT MRT Jakarta to develop

the concept of transit-oriented areas-oriented

development (TOD) at several stations in phase 1 of

the South–North corridor. TOD is an urban area that

combines transit functions with people, activities,

buildings, and public spaces to optimize access to

public transportation to support passenger carrying

capacity. Of course, new mass transportation in

Indonesia will bring many benefits to Indonesia,

especially DKI Jakarta. Of the many benefits that

exist, we will discuss the benefits of the MRT in

Indonesia individually. It is also hoped that the

existence of the MRT will reduce the congestion level

in the capital city. Those living in Jakarta's central and

southern areas will also be significantly helped

because this new transportation will shorten travel

time if you take a private vehicle. (Ramadhani, 2019)

(PT MRT Jakarta, 2019)

4.5 Reduce Water Pollution

After a long journey, finally, "Jakarta has an MRT!"

The mass transportation mode MRT (Moda et al.)

phase 1 of the Lebak Bulus - Bundaran HI route was

inaugurated on March 24, 2019, by President Jokowi.

It was enthusiastically welcomed by the residents of

Jakarta and its surroundings. This free public trial of

the MRT was also carried out starting from March 12,

2019, for two weeks until it was finally officially

operated commercially on April 1, 2019. The MRT

can also reduce air pollution. The use of public

transportation, such as the MRT, can help reduce air

pollution that comes from private vehicles. This can

help keep the air healthy and clean, creating a better

environment. (Ma et al., 2019)

5 CONCLUSIONS

The results of this research have obtained answers to

the research questions posed at the beginning. Five

benefit points benefit the community so that people

can experience the MRT and use the MRT as daily

transportation. The five benefits are absorbing many

job opportunities, cutting time, energy savings, MRT

providing convenience, and reducing air pollution.

The results of this research can be implemented, and

the benefits of using the MRT in Jakarta for the

people of Jakarta can be assessed. Order Research

recommends five benefits so that they can have a

positive impact on the citizens of Jakarta. Mass

transportation will benefit nature, reduce pollution,

and make life better. The growth of mass

transportation will encourage the emergence of many

job opportunities and small and medium businesses.

The recommendation for further research is to explore

the factors that encourage people to use the MRT as

their mass transportation. With that conclusion, we

have tips for making the MRT a solution to the

problem of pollution and congestion.

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