The Value Aspect of Student Youth Perception of Space and Time

Categories

Svitlana P. Palamar

, Natalia M. Golota

, Liudmyla L. Nezhyva

, Kateryna A. Brovko

, and

Maryna S. Naumenko

Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, I. Shamo Boulevard, 18/2, Kyiv, 02154, Ukraine

{s.palamar, n.holota, l.nezhyva, k.brovko, m.naumenko}@kubg.edu.ua

Keywords:

Space, Time, Values of Life, Students.

Abstract:

The article deals with the formation of the most important value orientations of modern youth. The authors

substantiated the important role of the spatio-temporal component in the life of the individual, as orientation in

space and time permeates all areas of human interaction with the outside world, contributing to the formation of

worldview and ensuring health preservation. The results of the study of students’ perception of various aspects

of the categories “space” and “time” as well as the impact of everyday life on student youth are presented.

Given the exceptional importance of space and time for human life, the article aims to establish how students

are aware of the value aspects of the categories “space” and “time” in the process of inﬂuencing everyday

reality on them. To achieve this goal it is necessary to solve the following tasks: to investigate in pedagogical

sources the state of the problem of outlining the most important values in the formation of personality and their

awareness of young people in the mastery of space and time; to determine the spatial and temporal frameworks

through which the surrounding human lifeworld is perceived and empirically comprehended; to survey future

teachers of preschool and primary education following the awareness of the value aspects of the categories of

space and time.

1 INTRODUCTION

Today’s stage of development of Ukrainian society is

characterized by the transformation of socio-political

processes and changes in values due to the search

for their own path. These processes, undoubtedly,

have made signiﬁcant adjustments in the formation

of value orientations of modern youth, their behavior,

life aspirations. The time of study in a higher edu-

cation institution is a period of personal development

of a young person, the accumulation of not only pro-

fessional but also life knowledge and skills, the for-

mation of its interests and values, relevant norms and

patterns of behavior.

A separate category is young people who have

chosen the profession of teacher, because the future of

society will depend on what values these teachers will

instill in the younger generations. The modern educa-

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tor is called not only to transfer speciﬁc knowledge

to children but also to introduce them into the socio-

cultural space, to involve them in the values of culture,

to help them learn about the environment, to compre-

hend the realities of life. It is well-known that the edu-

cation system as a socio-cultural institution of society

contributes to the implementation of any changes in

value orientations in it. Thus, the modernization of

pedagogical education, in particular the orientation of

teachers to meet the needs of a dynamically develop-

ing society, acquires special signiﬁcance. It should be

noted that today the educational space is considered

as a space-time ﬁeld of functioning and development

of the education system as an open and active social

sphere, in which the ideology of personality forma-

tion takes into account the conditions of the external

environment.

Modern society is characterized by a high level of

manufacturability of production processes, dynamic

development of material, spiritual, communication

and other spheres of life, which cause not only pro-

found social consequences, but also lead to a change

in people’s perception of space and time. Orienta-

tion in space and time permeates all areas of human

Palamar, S., Golota, N., Nezhyva, L., Brovko, K. and Naumenko, M.

The Value Aspect of Student Youth Perception of Space and Time Categories.

DOI: 10.5220/0012645800003737

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on History, Theory and Methodology of Learning (ICHTML 2023), pages 21-30

ISBN: 978-989-758-579-1; ISSN: 2976-0836

interaction with the outside world, contributing to the

formation of worldview, a certain life position, health,

development of business qualities, and, ultimately, the

formation of personality in general. The most ac-

tive force of any society, which acts as a catalyst for

change and plays an important role in its develop-

ment, is the youth. Thus, the study of its worldview,

life landmarks, factors that affect the formation of a

young person, is an urgent problem.

The problem of forming a spiritually healthy per-

sonality occupies a prominent place in pedagogy and

is always relevant, because you can build a strong

family / modern society based on the established sys-

tem of values. It contributes to the acquisition of mo-

bility, culture of communication, erudition. Accord-

ing to Ohnev’yuk (2003), the determining factors of

social adaptation of young people are “dominant so-

cial values, moral and psychological climate in soci-

ety and value orientations of the person who adapts. It

should also be borne in mind that the value structure

of the consciousness of young people is in its infancy;

it is signiﬁcantly inﬂuenced by the diversity of pro-

cesses taking place in society”.

Traditionally, the highest values include health,

family, love, kindness, freedom, work, truth, honor,

duty, consciousness, knowledge, creativity, etc. How-

ever, speaking of higher values, which reﬂect the fun-

damental relationships and needs of people, are the

foundation of the individual worldview, it is impossi-

ble to avoid such categories as space and time. Mod-

ern man actively interacts with all aspects of space

and time, adapts to them, and assimilates them, trying

to transform and master them.

Considering the importance of space and time

for human‘s life, the article aims to establish how

students realize the value aspects of the categories

“space” and “time” in the process of inﬂuencing them

in everyday reality. Throughout their lives, youth of-

ten immerse themselves in the virtual world and dig-

ital technologies, which, while having certain advan-

tages, at the same time can somewhat distort the per-

ception of the real world.

In order to achieve the set goal, the following tasks

must be solved:

• to investigate in pedagogical sources the deﬁni-

tion of the most important values in the formation

of a personality, the problem of youth awareness

of values in mastering space and time;

• to outline the space and time framework by which

the surrounding life world of a person is perceived

and empirically understood;

• to conduct a survey of future preschool and pri-

mary school teachers according to the awareness

of the value aspects of the categories of space and

time.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

The concept of chronotope and its application for

the study of temporal-spatial relations in research on

learning and education was covered by Ritella et al.

(2021). The authors have identiﬁed the dimensions

of the analysis of chronotopic units, focusing on the

material-discursive features and interdependence of

space-time. In particular, it was demonstrated how

the activation of one or more of these dimensions al-

lowed to make “visible” educational processes, which

allowed to focus on important aspects of pedagogical

practice.

Kumpulainen and Rajala (2017) also rely on the

concept of chronotope to explore how students cre-

ate and manage the context of time-space during

joint learning activities. Based on a dialogical ap-

proach, the study identiﬁed chronotopes as socially

constructed space-time conﬁgurations with a spe-

ciﬁc narrative character, representing cultural prac-

tices and values that are embodied in an interactive

situation.

Philosophers traditionally viewed existence as a

broad concept of the world and at the same time they

viewed the existence as independent from humans;

the modern scientists view a person as the world of

a special existence and view the world through hu-

man consciousness (Voropaeva, 2013). Spatiality is

one of fundamental dimensions of human existence

which builds the worldview and the activity of a hu-

man as a generic being (Bairachnyi, 2019).

In order to understand the essence of the problem

outlined in the goal, it is necessary to identify the most

important values in the formation of personality. Ac-

cording to Vlasenko (2015), moral values are the ba-

sis of consciousness. Morality is a person’s ability

to act, think, and feel in accordance with his spiritual

origin.

Rohanova (2006) interprets spirituality as features

of the mental organization of an individual, which is

manifested in his sensory-emotional sphere and is de-

cisive in the formation of personal traits, worldview,

value orientations of a person, which determine his

life aspirations, needs, activities, and more. Spiritual

values reﬂect personality traits, the system of aspira-

tions; it is an expression of needs that ensures the de-

velopment of the social subject.

Bekh (2009) systematizes values as follows: the

main values of life (ideas about the purpose and

meaning of life, happiness); values of interpersonal

ICHTML 2023 - International Conference on History, Theory and Methodology of Learning

communication (honesty, friendliness); democratic

values (human rights, freedom of speech, conscience,

political freedoms); pragmatic values (personal suc-

cess, entrepreneurship, desire for material wealth);

spiritual values (worldview, moral, aesthetic, etc.).

Living space consists of external and internal.

The phenomenon of psychological space is covered

in the work of Havryliuk (2018). The author de-

ﬁned its categorical and conceptual content, as well

as clariﬁed the conceptual positions of deﬁnition of

its determination, which laid the foundation for sys-

tematization of factors of its development (genetic

characteristics of the individual, environmental in-

ﬂuences, culture; social environment, individual hu-

man experience). Havryliuk (2018) presented scien-

tiﬁc ideas about the content of external (sociocultural,

environmental, economic) and internal (psychophys-

iological, individual psychological, personal, socio-

psychological) factors of formation of the psycholog-

ical space of personality and noted the impact of each

of them on personal safety and comfort.

Living space as a structure deﬁned by the system

of human relations to the world is reﬂected in the

work of Shwalb (2015). Understanding of various liv-

ing spaces and ideas about their separate dimensions

are developed in research of Tytarenko (2003). The

psychological features of the formation of the per-

sonal space of student youth are discussed in the work

of Koshyrets (2014).

Modern studies show that the scale and speed of

the living space transformation now is so signiﬁcant

that not only individual humans but the whole society

doesn’t have time to deeply process its consequences,

develop relevant strategies of minimising economical,

political, ecological, psychological risks of the mod-

ern social and cultural space transformation (Ignatko,

2016).

Reforming educational processes is associated

with European integration, so the formation of a com-

prehensively gifted individual becomes a priority for

universities in the acquisition of moral values, spiri-

tual growth. The student’s value of self-determination

as a result of the orientation of a special stage of axi-

ologization can be called the central stage, which pro-

vides student orientation in the world of professional

values, in time dimensions of past, present, and future

(Nikogosyan and Aseyeyva, 2017).

The process of formation of values and value ori-

entations depends on both external social and internal

personal factors. Palamar (2018) analyzed the factors

inﬂuencing the formation of value orientations of fu-

ture teachers, identiﬁed the main value orientations

of students in the formation of personality, revealed

ways to form spiritual and moral values of students in

the educational environment of the higher pedagogi-

cal institution (Palamar, 2017).

During the student years, a person actively mas-

ters various areas of life: studying in a higher edu-

cation institution, work, communication of interests,

personal relationships, building their own life strat-

egy, etc. It is in adolescence that ideas about time

pass to the highest level and approach the abstract re-

ﬂection of the time, and personal experience, built on

their own knowledge and continuity of perception of

time, is a major factor in the formation of these ideas

and concepts (Babatina, 2013).

3 RESULTS

Based on philosophical works, the categories of space

and time are used in the study to denote the basic

forms of existence. Space conveys a way of coex-

istence of various material formations, time – a way

to change material phenomena. We also understand

space and time as the primary universal intuitions,

with the help of which the surrounding human life-

world is perceived and empirically comprehended.

Space and time are mandatory components of the

whole content of human perception, which since the

early ’90s of the twentieth century is called the ﬁeld

of perception. Like space, time is a special way of

distinguishing objects. The combination of these two

categories, i.e. the change of position in space to-

gether with the change in time, is the main way to ob-

tain ideas about the phenomena and objects of the en-

vironment. The ability to perceive things separately,

consistently is an extremely important feature of con-

scious life.

Understanding the research sources in philosophy,

pedagogy, and psychology makes it possible to ob-

serve students’ awareness of the category of space in

dimensions: internal – external, personal (psycholog-

ical) – social, real – virtual (information and commu-

nication), as well as time categories in the dimensions

of the present, past, and future, ephemerality of time,

personal time, the impact of ICT on saving time, cre-

ativity / time.

Given the exceptional importance of space and

time for human life, we tried to establish how students

perceive different aspects of the categories “space”

and “time”, how everyday reality affects students

and how students affect it, how young people gen-

erally interpret space and time as values of their ex-

istence. For this purpose, a survey of full-time stu-

dents studying on “Preschool Education” and “Pri-

mary Education” of the Pedagogical Institute of Borys

Grinchenko Kyiv University was conducted.

The Value Aspect of Student Youth Perception of Space and Time Categories

Answering the questionnaire about the importance

of social space (order and interaction of certain so-

cial ties and processes, social relations, their satura-

tion, density) for their personal development, 1st-year

students noted that this space ensures human involve-

ment in the community of others, thus satisfying its

social needs (48%), makes others feel needed (8%),

outlines the prospect of participating in social pro-

cesses (18%), and provides an opportunity to inﬂu-

ence others: family, friends, relatives, future students

to form their worldview (26%); 2nd-year students an-

swered accordingly: 1 – 46%, 2 – 10%, 3 – 20%, 4 –

30%); the answers of 3rd-year students in percentage

were as follows: 1 – 50%, 2 – 15%, 3 – 25%, 4 – 22%,

which is shown in ﬁgure 1.

Further communication with students showed that

young people, especially noting their personal re-

sponsibility for the realization of their own aspirations

in the social aspect of space, realize the importance

of their existence in the world of objects and natu-

ral environment: man exists among objects and phe-

nomena, while being part of living nature and obey-

ing natural biorhythms. At the same time, the stu-

dents admitted that modern young people are becom-

ing increasingly alienated from nature – for them, it

becomes essential to immerse not only in social con-

nections but also in the virtual world, vanity. Un-

fortunately, only 32% of students associate with it

such health problems as insomnia, internal anxiety,

etc. However, realizing the importance of the natu-

ral environment and the organic existence of man in

it, young people prefer social space, the relationships

that occur in both real-life and virtual. That is, the

natural aspect of space-time existence and human de-

velopment becomes secondary for young people. Ac-

cording to our research, 27% of future teachers are

aware that each event as a signiﬁcant interaction, an

important moment in life, occurs in both temporal and

spatial dimensions, requires the involvement of cer-

tain resources, and can lead to both positive and nega-

tive consequences. Our study found that the vast ma-

jority of young people (94%) realize that the social

space is not only the present in which their lives take

place, namely social, economic, political, and other

events but also the past and future. It is interesting

that realizing the value of the past in modern social

life, expressed in traditions, attitudes, 67% of students

consider it insufﬁcient in today’s differentiated and

stratiﬁed society: each social group has its own so-

cial space, which often does not take into account the

value of the past and does not focus on them.

Given the fact that within the social space and

under its inﬂuence is the psychological space of the

individual, which changes the characteristics of so-

cial space, the next question in the questionnaire was:

“What is the value of your own psychological space

for you” (the space of the individual’s life world). An-

swering this question, students noted that it is impor-

tant for them, ﬁrst of all, as a psychologically com-

fortable environment (48%), where they can relax,

communicate with family and friends; as an environ-

ment where a person feels comfortable in solitude,

and among people pleasant to him (34%), the oppor-

tunity to be alone with their thoughts and experiences

(18%); 2nd-year students answered accordingly: 1 –

50%, 2 – 38%, 3 – 22%; and for 3rd-year students the

answers were as follows: 1 – 55%, 2 – 45%, 3 – 20%

(ﬁgure 2).

Further clariﬁcation of students’ positions on their

awareness of the importance of their own living space

showed that they attach great importance to meaning-

ful relationships, as well as the presence in the cir-

cle of people with similar views on life values: fam-

ily, love, health, education, have a common hobby.

Young people especially noted that it is very valuable

for them to have people in their close living space

who contribute to their self-realization (68%). 22%

of students expressed fears of having people around

them who may in some way limit and hinder their

self-realization. 10% of students said that they value

their own living space as the space of their life, as

their own way of constructing their existence; 2nd-

year students answered accordingly: 1 – 70%, 2 –

25%, 3 – 15%; 3rd-year students had the following

answers: 1 – 65%, 2 – 20%, 3 – 20% (ﬁgure 3).

Analyzing young people’s perceptions of their

own living space, we found that all students (100%)

believe that with the beginning of student life it has

undergone signiﬁcant transformations, and different

student groups have interpreted these transformations

differently. Thus, 63% of students who entered the

Institute from other cities of Ukraine, said that their

social space has expanded signiﬁcantly due to class-

mates, teachers, dormitory neighbors, change of res-

idence, building personal relationships. However,

37% of non-resident students noted that even though

they found new friends while studying, a loved one,

their circle of friends included classmates, teachers,

they generally consider their social space as expanded

and somewhat narrowed at the same time: their par-

ents, relatives and childhood friends are far away,

communication with them “in real life” appeared to

be not often; they are also tied to the place where they

were born and raised.

The young people noted that with the help of mod-

ern means of communication, which allow them to

communicate at a distance, their living space does not

seem to change, because there are relatives and close

ICHTML 2023 - International Conference on History, Theory and Methodology of Learning

Figure 1: The importance of social space for the personal development of students.

Figure 2: The value of one’s own psychological space.

people who are far away, but stated that they lack di-

rect communication.

At the same time, analyzing their living space, stu-

dents focused mainly on current events and experi-

ences, ignoring that the life-world of the individual is

not only “here and now”, but also the past of the per-

son, his focus on the future. Namely, deﬁning their

own space of life as very important, valuable for them,

ﬁrst of all, the presence of particularly important rela-

tionships and the possibility of self-realization, creat-

ing their own lives, students put the essence of space,

not time.

Deﬁning the value of social time as a form of so-

ciety that reﬂects the duration of historical processes,

their changes in the process of human activity, and its

impact on a particular individual, students in the vast

majority (92%) noted that they live in a time char-

acterized by rapid social events, a powerful develop-

ment of society, production processes, but noted that

the dynamism of life, on the one hand, stimulates a

person to meet social aspirations, to strive for further

achievements, on the other – a person trying to meet

the growing demands of society, risks depriving him-

self of something signiﬁcant in the personal sense.

Answering the question on the importance of per-

sonal (own) time for them, young people answered

that every second, minute, an hour of their life is

important for them, because it allows them to learn

something new, to develop, to experience different

feelings (37%). 44% of respondents said that the

The Value Aspect of Student Youth Perception of Space and Time Categories

Figure 3: Awareness of the importance of their own living space.

Figure 4: Signiﬁcance of personal time for students.

value of time for an individual in modern society is

that it is constantly not enough to complete all the

planned tasks and meet their own needs. 11% of stu-

dents said that the special value of time for each per-

son is that it cannot be returned, to live again, and

therefore one should especially value every minute of

his life, in which the loved ones, interesting things,

and events are present. 8% noted such an important

quality of experiencing time as its “therapeutic” na-

ture: “Time “cures” after tragic, unpleasant events

and allows you to look at a life lived from a differ-

ent angle”. 2nd-year students answered accordingly:

1 – 40%, 2 – 50%, 3 – 15%, 4 – 10%; in the 3rd-year

students the answers in percentage were as follows:

1 – 45%, 2 – 40%, 3 – 18%, 4 – 15%. The results of

the survey of students on the importance of personal

time are shown in ﬁgure 4.

The majority of students (52%) who came to study

at the Institute from other cities, noted that with the

move to a big city and the beginning of student life,

the feeling of time has changed: it passes quicker,

events change at a kaleidoscopic speed. Thus, it is

difﬁcult to focus on life necessary, really important

things; there is a risk of spraying forces on minor

things. 48% also said that they feel the accelerated

pace of life, dynamic development and rapid change

of events, but they attribute this fact not to life in

the metropolis, but in general to the modern rhythm

of life, the need to adapt to the conditions and re-

quirements of modern society. 27% of respondents

ICHTML 2023 - International Conference on History, Theory and Methodology of Learning

Figure 5: The value of the past, present and future for students.

Figure 6: The value of ideas about space and time in the life of modern person.

said that the current segment of life is seen more as

a “springboard” into the future, every minute of life

is used for self-realization, caring for future success,

and happy life. 53% said that they worry about the

future, the dream of success in life, hoping for profes-

sional self-realization, building a happy family life,

but at the same time do not want to lose the impor-

tance of the present moments of life. Students of this

group noted that the future worries them and is also

extremely valuable, but if you conquer your aspira-

tions, actions only in anticipation of future events, you

can lose something really important in present life.

20% of respondents said that their past life, ﬁlled with

pleasant memories and experiences, was and remains

important and valuable for them, but they highly value

their current life, which gave them a new social role,

new friends. 2nd-year students answered accordingly:

1 – 58%, 2 – 53%, 3 – 25%, 4 – 60%, 5 – 15%; 3rd-

year students as follows: 1 – 48%, 2 – 60%, 3 – 30%,

4 – 50%, 5 – 25% (ﬁgure 5).

Thus, we can say that for the modern young per-

son his past, which lives in the memories and inﬂu-

enced the formation of personality is quite valuable,

but one is more focused on the present moments of

life, living “here and now” while focusing on the fu-

ture.

Students who are more organized and focused,

better able to organize the course of their lives, value

their own time and the time of others, plan activities,

taking into account not only time constraints but also

The Value Aspect of Student Youth Perception of Space and Time Categories

their own real opportunities, can separate the main

from the secondary, so manage much more than oth-

ers. Less organized students often scatter their efforts

between necessary and secondary matters, complain-

ing about lack of time.

Almost all respondents (97%) noted the impor-

tance of modern information and communication

technologies to save time: they can be used to prepare

for classes and perform work remotely, communicate

with family and friends without wasting time on the

road; work with electronic training courses created by

teachers of the Institute at a convenient time. At the

same time, 64% of respondents stated that such an

opportunity, helping to save time, in some way lim-

its their living space: replacing live communication,

interaction “in real life”, virtual relationships.

Answering the question on the importance of

ideas about space and time in modern life, a signiﬁ-

cant proportion of respondents (47%) ﬁrst mentioned

the ability to create an effective, appropriate living

space and change it according to their own needs,

and secondly – the ability to clearly organize their

own lives (25%), then noted: “the ability to navi-

gate in space – without it, a person will not be able

to move independently, especially in the metropolis”

(18%) and “taking into account the spatio-temporal

characteristics of life helps to understand the need for

alternating different activities to maintain health and

efﬁciency” (6%). Only 4% of students said that, even

though space is saturated with various objects, events,

phenomena, as well as the process of the development

and existence of man occurs in time and is limited by

it. The answers of 2nd-year students in percentage

were as follows: 1 – 50%, 2 – 30%, 3 – 15%, 4 –

8%, 5 – 10%; the 3rd-year students answered accord-

ingly: 1 – 55%, 2 – 40%, 3 – 25%, 4 – 10%, 5 – 15%

(ﬁgure 6).

The vast majority of future teachers – 98% said

that the formation of these ideas depends on the for-

mation of the child’s personality from the ﬁrst years

of life: orienteering, success in mastering various ac-

tivities, including reading, writing, drawing, design,

work; and in the future – the development of human

business qualities: clarity of action, the ability to plan

activities in accordance with time constraints, which

will ensure its mobility and competitiveness in the fu-

ture.

It was also important for us to establish: how the

feeling of space and time affects the formation of stu-

dents’ creativity. In the context of the study of this

aspect, we found that 87% of students said that they

need more space and time to fully express their cre-

ativity. However, when clarifying these positions, it

was found that young people, ﬁrst of all, consider

personally comfortable space important for the man-

ifestations of creativity, i.e. one did not indicate its

narrowing or expansion, however noted its comfort –

thus, students indicated the psychologically important

qualities of the environment: there might be a large

number of people in it, but the main thing is how out-

siders perceive and (what is especially important, if

they approve) the discovery of creativity. Regarding

the time aspect – 56% of students said that they need

more time to realize their creative aspirations. At the

same time, 44% of students indicated that both for

the full manifestation of creative abilities and for the

implementation of creative ideas the part of the day

(not specially a period of time) is signiﬁcantly impor-

tant to them: for some young people morning is the

most productive in this aspect, for others – the second

half of the day: drowsiness and a certain “inhibition”

caused by fatigue disappear, inspiration and the desire

not only to realize the plan but also to demonstrate

their capabilities to friends, to feel their approval and

admiration, appear.

4 CONCLUSIONS

The study of the perception of different aspects of

the categories of “space” and “time” by full-time stu-

dents studying on “Preschool Education” and “Pri-

mary Education” of the Pedagogical Institute of Bo-

rys Grinchenko Kyiv University allows us to draw the

following conclusions:

Almost half of the students realize that a person’s

social space provides involvement in the community,

meeting social needs, a quarter of students surveyed

believe that this space provides an opportunity to in-

ﬂuence others, including future students to shape their

worldview. Young people are aware of their personal

responsibility for the realization of their own aspira-

tions in the social space, maintaining harmony with

nature and the environment.

Students see the value of their own psychologi-

cal space in establishing psychological comfort, men-

tal balance, establishing communication with family,

friends, and colleagues. In their own living space,

students attach great importance to relationships with

others, ﬁnding like-minded people concerning their

life values (family, love, health, education, leisure,

etc.), as well as people who will contribute to the re-

alization of life or creative credo.

In their answers, the students focused on current

events and experiences, lagging behind the past and

the future, preferring space to time. At the same time,

young people understand the value of social time as a

form of society and its impact on a particular individ-

ICHTML 2023 - International Conference on History, Theory and Methodology of Learning

ual, characterize modernity with rapid social events,

a powerful development of society, production pro-

cesses, understand the risks of loss in the personal

sense.

Students stated the importance of personal (own)

time for cognition, personal development, experience,

and expression of feelings. They noted the ephemer-

ality and irreversibility of time. However, a signiﬁ-

cant number of students understand the importance of

retrospective time in the context of the experience.

According to the results of the study, the dynam-

ics of the events of a young person’s life, his ability to

perceive time and realize it as the value of life depends

on the type of his personality, the ability to direct, ac-

celerate, and sometimes slow down his own life.

Many of the surveyed students, expressing their

ideas about space and time in the life of modern

man, noted the possibility of creating an effective, ap-

propriate space for life and change it for the better,

stressed the need to clearly organize their own lives

for health preservation.

Thus, the analysis of students’ awareness of the

categories of space and time as values of existence

shows that young people perceive them as having a

decisive inﬂuence on the quality and success of their

existence and the existence of society in general. Re-

alizing the importance of social space and time, stu-

dents are aware of their own psychological (personal)

space and their own time, interpreting them as space

and time of their life as the most important.

The results obtained in the research process will

be useful to mentors and psychologists in organizing

adaptation measures for students with the aim of their

successful integration not only into student life, but

also life in a big city; will help young people to focus

on awareness of their life orientations and, if neces-

sary, their correction.

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