Multiplier Effect Development of Culinary Tourism Processed

Coastal Communities in Sei. Enam, Bintan Regency

Bunga Paramita, Fradya Randa, Abdul Jalal, Catri Jintar, Kiki Wulandari, Firmansyah Kusasi and

Roni Kurniawan

Faculty of Economics and Business Maritime, Raja Ali Haji Maritime University, Tanjungpinang, Indonesia

Keywords: Strategy, Promotion, E-Commerce Trends.

Abstract: With the rapid advances in technology such as the internet, it has become increasingly sophisticated and the

growing ease of access has increasingly attracted the public's attention. This research aims to produce a

systematic, factorial, and accurate analysis of the characteristics, facts, and relationships between the

phenomena studied. The method used is a qualitative method. The research results illustrate that the internet

is able to encourage increased sales of MSMEs today. With easy internet access and implemented promotional

strategies, MSMEs have a strategy for utilizing marketplaces and social media to increase sales. Shopee is a

forum that operates in the online market sector. The online market (Shopee) provides convenience and

comfort for sellers and buyers. The strategy of utilizing the Shopee marketplace is currently able to increase

sales for MSMEs in Indonesia. One example is the WomenWear store.

1 INTRODUCTION

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a turning point

in the development of tourism in Bintan Regency.

Restrictions that occurred during the COVID-19

pandemic meant that all tourism sectors in Bintan

Regency could not operate. This results in a decline

in the regional economy. Improvement and

development of the tourism sector need to be carried

out again in this new normal era so that the tourism

sector can again contribute to increasing regional

income and improving community welfare,

especially in areas around tourist destinations

(Wibawati, 2021).

The tourism sector is being developed by regional

governments, and one of them is sei. enam culinary

tourism. Tourism is a characteristic of culinary

identity, as it utilizes local natural resources in Bintan

Regency. The region's unique values and

characteristics can make culinary tourism

development a competitive advantage and attract

tourists. The more interesting and unique the local

food is, the more tourists will be interested in visiting

the area (Palupi, 2019).

Culinary tourism has become part of the tourism

development structure, which is developed by history,

culture, economy, and local knowledge. Culinary

skills are a characteristic that enhance the tourist

experience when visiting tourist areas. Currently,

food and tourism have a growing relationship, not

only as a primary product needed by tourists but also

as a differentiator and uniqueness of a tourist

destination, which creates an impressive atmosphere

(Kusyanda, 2021).

Culinary tourism is not only an effort to introduce

local culinary delights to tourists but also an effort to

obtain a multiplier effect from increasing tourist

consumption of local culinary delights, which will

have an impact on improving the economy of the

surrounding community (Kessy et al., 2018). The

multiplier effect of the tourism sector is very

pronounced, where local communities directly and

indirectly benefit from tourism activities (Nuryadin,

2023).

Tourism development will have a multiplier effect

on increasing people's income and the amount of

labor absorption in the area around tourist

destinations. Apart from that, the tourism sector also

has the potential to become a generator that drives the

economy of a region because it has the opportunity to

provide and expand employment opportunities,

encourage community involvement in it, and become

a marketing medium for a region (Kapantaw, 2017).

Paradigm changes and rules have taken place in

tourism development post-pandemic. Requires the

government to renew facilities and infrastructure,

Paramita, B., Randa, F., Jalal, A., Jintar, C., Wulandari, K., Kusasi, F. and Kurniawan, R.

Multiplier Effect Development of Culinary Tourism Processed Coastal Communities in Sei. Enam, Bintan Regency.

DOI: 10.5220/0012697000003798

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 2nd Maritime, Economics and Business International Conference (MEBIC 2023) - Sustainable Recovery: Green Economy Based Action, pages 32-36

ISBN: 978-989-758-704-7

accessibility, cleanliness, and promotion strategies in

efforts to develop tourism. Improvements to facilities

and infrastructure that have been carried out by the

Bintan Regency Regional Government so far must

continue to be carried out to adapt to the needs

required in developing sei. Enam culinary tourism in

this new normal period (Kapantaw, 2017).

For this reason, a study analysis is needed to

identify and describe the extent to which the public

and tourists perceive the development of Sei. enam

culinary tourism has been carried out by the regional

government and measures how much the multiplier

effect is caused by the development of Sei. Enam

culinary tourism on the economy of the people around

tourist destinations. So that it can formulate effective

and efficient planning directions in the development

of sei. Enam culinary tourism is part of the integrated

development of the tourism sector in Bintan district.

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2.1 Population and Sample

The population in this study is 24 workers, 30

business actors, and uncertain tourists. Samples of

labor and business actors were obtained using random

sampling techniques using a formula (Sugiyono,

2016).

 







n = Total respondents

N= Total population

e = Acceptable error (20%)

The number of respondents for the workforce was

14, 16 business actors, and 20 tourists were taken

using an incidental sampling technique.

2.2 Method of Collecting Data

The data used in this research was obtained from

primary data, which was collected through

questionnaires, including closed and open

questionnaires. The research method used is

descriptive qualitative analysis and multiplier effect

by applying the Keynesian Income Multiplier model.

2.1.1 Perception Analysis

In discussing the perceptions of researchers using a

qualitative descriptive method. Perception is carried

out to assess tourist objects, facilities and

infrastructure, accessibility, and community attitudes

so that they know whether the condition of tourist

objects is good or bad. Assessment uses a Likert scale

with a score range of 1 to 4, where 1 = bad, 2 =

enough, 3 = good, and 4 = very good.

2.1.2 Multiplier Effect Analysis

In measuring the Multiplier Effect on the economy of

tourism activities at the local level, two types of

multipliers are used, namely; Keynesian Local

Income Multiplier, and Income Multiplier Ratio.

Mathematically it can be formulated as follows:

Keynesian Income Multiplier =





Ratio Income Multiplier type I =





Ratio Income Multiplier type II =





Where:

E: Amount of tourist visitor expenditure (rupiah)

D: Business owner's income directly obtained from E

(rupiah)

N: Labor income indirectly obtained from E (rupiah)

U: Expenditures of manpower which are

subsequently obtained from E (rupiah)

Criteria:

1. If the value is less than or equal to zero (≤ 0), then

the tourist object has not been able to provide an

economic impact on its tourism activities.

2. If the value is between zero and one (0 < x < 1),

then the tourist location still has a low economic

impact value.

3. If the value is greater than or equal to one (≥ 1),

then the tourist location has been able to provide

an economic impact on tourism activities.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Labor Perceptions

Labor perceptions regarding the conditions of

culinary tourism sei. Enam regarding accessibility,

management, cleanliness, security, parking lots,

community attitudes, places of worship, hand

washing places, toilets, and trash cans vary greatly.

Very good ratings for community attitudes and places

of worship were received by 39 percent of workforce

respondents. The highest percentage reached 100%

with good ratings for cleanliness and availability of

hand washing facilities from all labor respondents.

The perception of labor provides an adequate

assessment with a fairly large percentage of the

availability of parking spaces. This is due to the

Multiplier Effect Development of Culinary Tourism Processed Coastal Communities in Sei. Enam, Bintan Regency

unavailability of adequate parking lots at sei. enam

culinary tourism spots, and often use the shoulder of

the road for parking lots.

Figure 1: Labor Perceptions.

3.2 Business Actors' Perceptions

Business actors' perceptions of the condition of sei

culinary tourism. The six concerns of accessibility,

management, cleanliness, security, parking lots,

community attitudes, places of worship, places for

washing hands, toilets, and trash cans are very

diverse. Very good ratings for the attitude of the

community and places of worship were 22 percent of

business respondents. The highest percentage reaches

100 percent with a good assessment of cleanliness

and the availability of trash cans from all business

actors' respondents. The perception of business actors

who provide adequate assessments with a fairly large

percentage is also based on the availability of parking

lots and accessibility. This is because there is no

adequate parking space at the sei. enam culinary

tourist spot and the roadside is often used for parking.

Accessibility for public transportation to sei. enam

culinary tourism locations are still quite limited, so

transportation accessibility often relies on private

vehicles and online transportation.

3.3 Tourists' Perceptions

Tourists' perceptions of the conditions of culinary

tourism Sei. Enam regarding accessibility,

management, cleanliness, security, parking lots,

community attitudes, places of worship, hand

washing places, toilets, and trash cans vary greatly.

Very good rating for Community attitudes by 13

percent of tourist respondents. All tourist respondents

gave a good assessment of community attitudes,

which resulted in the highest percentage reaching 87

percent.

Figure 2: Perceptions of Business Actors.

The perception of tourists who give an adequate

rating with a fairly large percentage is also influenced

by the availability of parking spaces. This is due to

the unavailability of adequate parking spaces at Sei

culinary attractions. Six, and often use the shoulder of

the road for parking.

Figure 3: Tourist Perceptions.

3.4 Multiplier Effect

The sei. Enam culinary tourism area has had a real

economic impact on the local community. The

economic impact of tourism activities is a direct

impact, which means that tourist expenditure is

received directly by the business unit in the form of

tourist expenditure for the purchase of various kinds

of processed culinary foods sei. Enam. The business

unit earns a total revenue of IDR 201,600,000 per

month from 18 business units located in the culinary

tourism area sei. Enam.

The indirect impact comes from the income

earned by the business unit, part of which is used

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again by the business unit to purchase raw materials

for the business from local fishermen and local

communities (Simatupang, 2021).

The number of field workers in the sei. enam

Serang culinary tourism area is 13 people. The

income of local workers in this tourist area is IDR

24,492,000,- with an average income of IDR

1,884,000,- per month.

Subsequent impacts in the form of labor

expenditure to purchase consumption in business

units located in tourist sites. The labor incurs a total

cost of consumption and other costs of IDR 5,330,000

per month with an average expenditure of IDR

410,000 per month.

The calculation result of the Keynesian Income

Multiplier value is 1.15, meaning that an increase in

tourist expenditure per visit of IDR 100,000 will

increase labor income and business units by IDR

115,000.

The Type I income multiplier ratio is obtained

with a value of 1.12, which means that business unit

income increases by IDR 100,000,- from tourist

expenditure which will result in an increase of IDR

112,000,- in total community income which includes

direct and indirect impacts (the income of business

unit owners and local labor) and the Type II income

multiplier ratio obtained a value of 1.15 where an

increase of Rp. 100,000, - in tourist spending will

result in an increase of Rp. 115,000, - in the total

income of the community which includes direct,

indirect, and continuing impacts. (in the form of

income of business unit owners, income of local

workers, and spending for consumption at the local

level).

Table 1: Multiplier Effect Results.

Criteria

Value

Information

Keynesian

Income

Multiplier

1,15

The economic impact that

occurs has a large economic

impact on tourism activities

because of the Keynesian

Income Multiplier value

obtained greater than 1 (≥1).

Ratio Income

Multiplier

Type 1

1,12

The economic impact is said to

have had a big impact because

the value of the Type I Income

Multiplier Ratio and Type II

Income Multiplier Ratio is

greater than or equal to one

(≥1).

Ratio Income

Multiplier

Type 2

1,15

Source: Primary Data, 2023

3.5 Research Discussion

Culinary tour sei. Enam in Bintan Regency eats

delicious specialties, so they have become one of the

culinary destinations for tourists from various

regions. The uniqueness of the typical otak-otak food

in sei. Enam village is one of the selling points for the

development of sei. enam culinary tourism (Marine

Ecotourism for Atlantic Area, 2001).

Tourist areas located on the coast and many

people who work as fishermen are potential in the

development of sei. enam culinary tourism. The raw

materials for the typical sei. enam otak-otak culinary

are very easy to obtain from local fishermen. The

existence of sei. enam culinary will have an indirect

economic impact on the surrounding community who

work as fishermen (Kessy et al., 2018).

Culinary tourism sei. enam is one of the potential

tourist areas to be developed by the local government.

The uniqueness and distinctiveness of culinary sei.

enam will be an attraction for tourist destinations and

of course very profitable for the development of the

tourism sector in Bintan Regency (Kapantow, 2017).

In general, the labor perception of the

development of sei. enam culinary tourism from the

various services and markets available such as

accessibility, management, cleanliness, security,

parking, community attitudes, places of worship,

hand washing places, toilets, and trash cans, the

majority gave good ratings, namely by 83 percent and

business actors gave an assessment of 77 percent of

all respondents in this study. Meanwhile, 74 percent

of tourist from respondents gave good ratings. In

general, it can be concluded that the development of

culinary tourism sei. enam is categorized as good and

has the potential to be developed as a tourist

destination in the Bintan district.

Sei. enam culinary tourism has had a real

economic impact on local communities. The

economic impacts of tourism activities include direct,

indirect, and secondary impacts. The results of this

research obtained a Keynesian Income Multiplier

value of 1.15 for Type I Income Multiplier Ratio with

a value of 1.12 and a Type II Income Multiplier Ratio

of 1.15, proving that the existence of culinary tourism

has an economic impact on increasing the economic

income of the community, especially communities

around tourist locations.

4 CONCLUSIONS

The majority of workers, business people, and tourists

have a good perception of the sei. Enam culinary

Multiplier Effect Development of Culinary Tourism Processed Coastal Communities in Sei. Enam, Bintan Regency

tourism facilities and infrastructure. However, the

availability of parking spaces at tourist locations is

the main problem at sei. Enam culinary tourism

locations. Respondents from labor, business people,

and tourists gave fair or even poor ratings for the

infrastructure and availability of parking spaces.

Narrow road access and the lack of sufficient parking

space for every business in the sei. enam culinary

tourism area is the main cause of the problem.

The Multiplier Effect results show that the

Keynesian Income Multiplier, Ratio Income

Multiplier type I, and Ratio Income Multiplier type II

> 1 means that the sei. enam culinary tourism location

is able to have a large economic impact on business

actors, laborers, and the surrounding community from

tourism activities.

The development of infrastructure and

accessibility needs to be one of the local government

work plans in developing culinary tourism sei. Enam.

Especially in the construction of adequate parking

lots and accessibility development. It is hoped that the

development of accessibility will be able to connect

with other tourist attractions as well so that it will add

value to the tourist attraction in Bintan Regency. It is

hoped that the development of the tourism sector will

be able to increase the multiplier effect for the

economic development of the people of Bintan

Regency.

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