Thematic Groups of Legal Terms in Uzbek and German Languages

Bakhriddinova Muyassarkhon Raximovna

, Kakharova Mavluda Mukaramovna

and Kakharova Shohsanam Nabijan Qizi

Tashkent State University of Law, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Fergana State University, Uzbekistan

Keywords: Language Enhancement, Society Development, Nation Development, Uzbek Language, Legal Terminology,

Lexical Development, Terminological System, Terminology Study, Legal Language, Legal Terms.

Abstract: The development of language, particularly evident in the case of the Uzbek language during its period of

independence, underscores its close relationship with societal and national progress. Notably, the evolution

of legal terminology within this context stands as a compelling example, reflecting societal shifts towards

democracy and legal sophistication. The focus on legal language is paramount, given its foundational role in

shaping legal norms and societal discourse. Delving into Uzbek legal terminology reveals a complex interplay

of historical influences, linguistic mechanisms, and societal needs. Rooted in both native Uzbek roots and

borrowings from Persian, Arabic, and Russian, legal terms embody a fusion of linguistic traditions. The study

further illuminates the rich tapestry of affixation patterns and compound formations that underpin Uzbek legal

terminology, showcasing its dynamic evolution and adaptation. Through meticulous analysis of lexical

structures and semantic nuances, this research sheds light on the intricate interplay between linguistic

expression and legal conceptualization, providing invaluable insights into the linguistic fabric of Uzbek

jurisprudence.

1 INTRODUCTION

The evolution of language is intricately intertwined

with societal and national progress. The elevation of

a state language ensures its holistic advancement, as

exemplified by the trajectory of the Uzbek language

post-independence. This progression, notably in

lexicon and terminology, mirrors the transition

towards a democratic and legally astute society.

However, challenges persist in the usage of

normative-legal terms, necessitating focused research.

While terminology has historically been integral to

various domains, its systematic study emerged

relatively recently. Pioneered by Austrian scholar E.

Worcester, the science of terminology gained

momentum, emphasising its pivotal role in linguistic

clarity and conceptual precision. This paper delves

into Uzbek legal terminology, elucidating its genesis

and thematic categorizations. By exploring inter-term

relationships, historical underpinnings, and semantic

nuances, it aims to furnish a comprehensive

understanding of legal lexicon enrichment. Through

meticulous analysis of synonyms, antonyms, and

modes of enrichment, this study sheds light on the

dynamic evolution of legal language within Uzbek

linguistics.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

The literature review explores the evolution of

terminology, particularly legal terminology, in Uzbek

linguistics. It encompasses insights from various

scholars, tracing the historical development,

categorization, and societal impact of terminology

within different fields of study, shedding light on its

dynamic nature and significance.

Raximovna, B., Mukaramovna, K. and Qizi, K.

Thematic Groups of Legal Terms in Uzbek and German Languages.

DOI: 10.5220/0012784900003882

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 2nd Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies (PAMIR-2 2023), pages 219-222

ISBN: 978-989-758-723-8

219

Table 1: Overview of Studies on Terminology and Legal Terminology in Uzbek Linguistics.

Author name Study Insights

A.D. Hayutin The term "terminology" originated from Latin

and Greek roots, first documented by C.G.

Shuts in 1786.

The evolution of the term "terminology"

across languages, tracing its historical usage

and lin

uistic roots.

A.A.

Reformatsky

Terms within a specific field have a singular

meaning, forming a cohesive terminology

within that domain.

The coherence and singularity of meaning

within terminological fields, contributing to

conceptual clarit

Y. Pinxasov Terminology in Uzbek linguistics is

categorised into professional words and

scientific terms.

Classification of Uzbek terminology into

professional and scientific categories, as

roposed b

Pinxasov.

R. Doniyorov Rejects the dichotomy between "professional

words" and "terminological vocabulary"

within Uzbek lin

uistics.

Critique of the traditional division of

terminology within Uzbek linguistics,

advocatin

for a unified approach.

U. Tursunov,

et al.

Various scholars have conducted research on

Uzbek terminology, analysing sectoral

terminolo

ical s

stems lin

uisticall

Contribution of scholars to the linguistic

analysis and development of Uzbek

terminolo

in different sectors.

N. Blagova Terminological systems, such as medicine,

physics, and literature, undergo

determinolo

ization due to societal influence.

Identification of terminological systems

prone to determinologization, influenced by

societal factors.

L.M. Boyko Legal terminology encompasses a specialised

system reflecting legal concepts and

frameworks used in law.

Definition of legal terminology as a

specialised system reflecting legal concepts

and frameworks.

The study highlights the historical evolution and

linguistic underpinnings of terminology, particularly

within Uzbek linguistics. It explores classifications

proposed by scholars like Pinxasov and critiques

traditional divisions, advocating for a unified

approach. Scholarly contributions to Uzbek

terminology, sectoral analyses, and the phenomenon

of determinologization are discussed. Furthermore,

legal terminology's distinctiveness and its

significance in law and society are underscored, with

attention to its evolution amidst socio-political

changes in Uzbekistan. Terminological coherence

within specific fields and the impact of societal

influences on terminological systems are also

elucidated.

3 ANALYSIS OF LEGAL

TERMINOLOGY FORMATION

IN UZBEK LANGUAGE

3.1 Free Legal Morphemes/Terms

• Legal terminology in Uzbek showcases

significant reliance on internal factors for its

formation.

• Root, free, and derived morphemes, along with

compounding and collocations, are integral

components.

• Root terms, including those of Uzbek, Persian

Tajik, and Arabic origin, form the basis of legal

terminology.

• Russian-international words also contribute to

the legal lexicon, indicating a diverse linguistic

influence.

3.2 Derived Legal Terms

• Affixation is a prominent method for forming

legal terms, with varying degrees of activity

across different terminological systems.

• The inclusion of verbs within legal terms is

debated, with scholars like V.G. Danilenko

advocating for their recognition.

• However, some researchers argue against

considering verbs, adjectives, and adverbs as

terms, citing linguistic evidence.

• Affixes like -lik, -sh (-ish), -chi, -dor, and -xo’r

play crucial roles in creating legal terms,

reflecting the specificity of legal language.

3.3 Terms Formed with Affixoids

• Affixoids such as -noma and -xona contribute to

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the formation of legal terms, denoting

documents and locations, respectively.

• Approximately twenty terms are derived using -

noma, while -xona yields around thirty terms,

reflecting their functional significance in legal

language.

• The legal terminological system in Uzbek

demonstrates a distinct reliance on affixes and

affixoids for term formation, highlighting the

dynamic nature of legal language evolution.

3.4 Closing Reflections on Legal

Terminology Formation in Uzbek

Language

The analysis highlights the intricate processes

involved in the formation of legal terminology in

Uzbek, emphasizing the role of internal factors and

linguistic diversity.

• Affixation emerges as a key method for creating

legal terms, reflecting the nuanced linguistic

characteristics of legal language.

• Further research is needed to explore the

evolving dynamics of legal terminology

formation in response to societal and linguistic

influences.

4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Internal Opportunities in the

Formation of Uzbek Legal

Terminology

4.1.1 Compound Legal Terms

Pure Compound Terms. Pure compound terms in

Uzbek legal terminology consist of two or more

independent semantic bases. Notably, terms with the

affix noun + -r (-ar) are prevalent, such as kallakesar

and izquvar.

Double Compound Terms. These terms include

compound phrases and about twenty of them are

identified in legal terminology, such as mol-mulk and

nasl-nasab.

Abbreviated Compound Terms. Abbreviated terms,

a form of compound words, are found in legal

terminology, indicating a unique linguistic

development influenced by Russian. Examples

include BMT (Birlashgan Millatlar tashkiloti) and

Interpol.

4.1.2 Legal Collocations

Collocations, comprising two or more lexemes, are

prevalent in legal terminology, with over 80% of

terms in dictionaries and encyclopedias being

collocations.

Simple Collocations. These consist of two

independently meaningful lexemes, such as bilvosita

dalil (direct evidence) and inson huquqi (human

rights).

Complex Collocations. These involve three or more

lexemes, making communication more complex.

Examples include urf-odat (custom and tradition) and

turar joyni ijarachidan ijaraga olish shartnomasi

(lease agreement for renting a permanent residence).

Analysis of Attribute Components:

• Attributes play a crucial role in complex

collocations, with different affixes forming

adjectives that contribute to legal terms'

meanings:

• -iy (-viy) affix: Forms adjectives indicating

possession or characteristics, such as jismoniy

shaxs (physical person) and diniy huquq

(religious law).

• -li affix: Creates adjectives denoting possession

or connection, as seen in davomli jinoyatlar

(ongoing crimes) and shartli vasiyatnoma

(conditional will).

• -dor affix: Generates adjectives indicating a

quality or characteristic, like mansabdor

shaxslar (persons with titles) and aktyorlar

(actors).

• -siz affix: Denotes absence or lack, contributing

to terms like adolatsiz hukm (unjust judgment)

and shuursiz shaxs (unconscious person).

• -mas affix: Expresses negation of an action, seen

in ko'chmas mulk (non-moving property) and

tuzalmas jinoyatchi (non-repentant criminal).

• -lik affix: Acts as a determiner, signifying a

person or object related to the term, such as

vakillik organlari (lawyer organizations) and

jinoyatchilik darajasi (criminal liability level).

• Adjective + Noun: Many collocations are

formed by combining adjectives with nouns,

such as kuchaytirilgan rejimli tarbiya

koloniyalari (reform regime correctional

colonies) and mas'uliyati cheklangan jamiyat

(restricted liability company).

In conclusion, the analysis of internal factors shaping

Uzbek legal terminology reveals a rich variety of

Thematic Groups of Legal Terms in Uzbek and German Languages

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compound terms and collocations, each contributing

to the specificity and precision of legal language

within the Uzbek context.

5 CONCLUSIONS

The evolution of legal terminology in Uzbek

language benefits from the country's independence,

facilitating the creation of new terms with a focus on

conciseness and precision. Original terms indigenous

to Uzbek play a pivotal role, spawning hundreds of

new legal terms from over fifty foundational ones.

Affixation emerges as a prominent method for term

formation, utilising affixes like -lik, -ma, -chi, and

affixoids such as -noma, -xona. Compound terms and

collocations significantly shape the terminological

landscape, with hundreds of compounds appearing in

legal literature, dictionaries, and encyclopedias.

External influences, notably from Persian-Tajik and

Arabic languages, contribute to the richness of Uzbek

legal terminology, alongside Russian-international

terms, which are integrated seamlessly. The

emergence of semi-Russian-international terms adds

a distinct layer to the lexicon, evidencing linguistic

evolution and adaptation to contemporary needs. This

amalgamation of internal and external factors

underscores the dynamic nature of Uzbek legal

terminology, reflecting both heritage and

contemporary linguistic trends.

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Boyko, L. M. (1988). Improvement of legislative

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Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (1998).

Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Adolat.

Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (1996).

Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Adolat.

Doniyorov, R. (1981). On an important issue of Uzbek

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Doniyorov, R. (1977). Some issues of technical

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