Legal Basis of Political Party: Concept, Types, Tasks and Activity

Ruzimurodov Azizbek

Navoi Innovations University, Navoi, Uzbekistan

Keywords: Electorate, Party, Tory, Whig, Puritan, Coterie, Experiment, Faction, Session, Democracy, Opposition,

Parliament, Pragmatic, Communist.

Abstract: This article examines the concept and legal framework of political parties, their emergence in Uzbekistan,

and their societal significance. Through analysis and experimentation, it addresses challenges faced by these

parties. The study aims to unravel complexities in party activity within Uzbekistan, offering insights into their

historical development and contemporary role. By exploring legal and societal dimensions, it seeks to deepen

understanding of political party dynamics and their impact on society.

1 INTRODUCTION

The development of a legal-democratic state and a

robust civil society hinges significantly on fostering

multi-partyism and facilitating the emergence of

independent, proactive political entities and public

organisations enjoying broad popular support. Within

the democratic framework, the multi-party system

stands as a cornerstone. Defined variously in

contemporary literature, a party, stemming from the

Latin "partio", connotes a cohesive group sharing

ideological affinity and common interests, designated

to fulfil specific objectives. Presently, Uzbekistan

hosts five active political parties, including the

People's Democratic Party, Democratic Party

"National Revival", Liberal Democratic Party, Social

Democratic Party "Adolat", and Uzbekistan

Ecological Party. They operate within a legal

framework that enables the pursuit of their agendas,

equitable participation in elections, and formation of

parliamentary factions and local representation

groups. This setup fosters their active involvement in

the political and social fabric of the nation,

embodying principles of equality, transparency, and

impartiality.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

In the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan,

specifically the "On Political Parties" law of

December 26, 1996, a political party is delineated as

an entity forged on the shared ideals, interests, and

objectives of Uzbekistan's citizens. This voluntary

association aims to assert the political will of its

constituents and actively engage in governing both

state and societal affairs through its representatives.

Furthermore, Sh. Mamadaliyev conceptualizes a

party as a political entity that autonomously mobilizes

individuals around specific ideologies, vying for

authority to enact its vision. This definition

emphasizes the party's possession of a distinct

programme, charter, and organizational framework.

Additionally, E. Burke, a notable 18th-century

English statesman and philosopher, characterizes a

party as an assembly of likeminded individuals united

in pursuit of common principles, fostering

collaboration for the collective welfare. Similarly, the

German scholar V. Hasbach perceives a party as a

coalition of individuals sharing political convictions

and ambitions, striving to acquire governmental

authority to advance their personal interests.

3 DISCUSSION

The evolution of political parties, as expounded by M.

Weber, delineates a trajectory from aristocratic

coteries to public parties, underlining their pivotal

role in shaping societal dynamics. In practice, this

progression finds resonance in the historical

evolution of English political factions - the Liberal

Party (Whigs) and the Conservative Party (Tories).

Rooted in the 17th century, these coteries initially

manifested religious distinctions, reflecting the

divergence between Puritan (Whig) and Anglican

(Tory) ideologies. Subsequent epochs witnessed the

emergence of political clubs, epitomized by the

280

Azizbek, R.

Legal Basis of Political Party: Concept, Types, Tasks and Activity.

DOI: 10.5220/0012832200003882

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 2nd Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies (PAMIR-2 2023), pages 280-282

ISBN: 978-989-758-723-8

Tories' Charlton Club and the Whigs' Reform Club,

heralding the bourgeoisie's political foray.

Political parties, according to S. Eldersveld, serve

as conduits for democratic representation, articulating

diverse interests and ideological perspectives within

the societal fabric. Extending beyond mere electoral

contests, parties orchestrate multifaceted

engagements encompassing information

dissemination, educational initiatives, and leadership

cultivation. They bridge the vertical and horizontal

expanse of social strata, fostering interconnectivity

across disparate echelons and facilitating policy

deliberations predicated on consensus-building.

Moreover, parties galvanize public opinion, furnish

ideological scaffolding during electoral campaigns,

and nurture aspirants for governance roles, thereby

fuelling the continuum of political discourse.

Functionally, political parties assume a

multifaceted role encompassing goal-setting, interest

aggregation, public mobilization, and elite

recruitment, as delineated by Klaus von Boyme. This

array of functions underscores their significance as

conduits for social expression, policy formulation,

and governance mechanisms. Contemporary

typologies of political parties, as posited by Sh.

Mamadaliyev, delineate ideological, power-centric,

and strategic dimensions, underscoring their adaptive

versatility in navigating the political landscape.

Integral to this taxonomy is the notion of power

acquisition, which delineates parties from other social

movements, foregrounding their centrality in

governance dynamics.

The internal architecture of modern political

parties, typified by leadership hierarchies,

bureaucratic apparatuses, and active/passive

membership tiers, embodies a complex ecosystem

geared towards operational efficacy and goal

attainment. Leadership cadres, comprising adept

politicos, orchestrate organizational functions, while

bureaucratic apparatuses ensure logistical coherence.

Active members, motivated by diverse incentives,

engage in participatory activities, driving party

agendas and outreach efforts. Passive members,

although less involved, constitute a reservoir of latent

support, bolstering party objectives during critical

junctures. Moreover, sympathizers amplify

ideological resonance, fostering a broader

constituency base and electoral traction.

The efficacy of pedagogical methodologies in

nurturing political awareness and critical thinking is

underscored by the experimental test conducted

among students of the Navoi State Pedagogical

Institute. Employing innovative teaching paradigms,

such as cooperative learning and conceptual analysis,

educators engendered robust engagement and

knowledge retention among students. The

experimental cohort exhibited superior academic

performance, attributed to the immersive and

interactive pedagogical approach adopted. This

underscores the instrumental role of experiential

learning in fostering civic consciousness and

participatory citizenship, thereby engendering

informed and politically astute future leaders.

4 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the pedagogical experiment-testing

conducted among students of the Navoi State

Pedagogical Institute underscores the efficacy of

innovative teaching methodologies in fostering

critical thinking and enhancing academic outcomes.

Through comparative analysis and empirical

observation, the experiment elucidated the

transformative potential of non-traditional

pedagogical approaches in cultivating independent

thought and deepening subject comprehension.

Furthermore, the experiment accentuated the

paramount importance of student-centric learning

paradigms, wherein active engagement and

collaborative problem-solving catalyze knowledge

acquisition and retention.

The developmental trajectory of political parties

in Uzbekistan, from nascent national formations to

contemporary multi-party structures, reflects the

nation's evolving democratic landscape. Legal

frameworks underpinning multi-partyism have laid

the groundwork for robust political participation and

institutional pluralism. However, to realize the full

potential of political pluralism, concerted efforts to

enhance political literacy and foster a vibrant political

culture are imperative. By nurturing a politically

engaged citizenry and cultivating a cadre of informed

political actors, Uzbekistan can consolidate its

democratic credentials and foster inclusive

governance paradigms in alignment with global

standards.

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