Characteristics of Lexico-Semantic Integration of English Loaned

Tourism Vocabulary in Uzbek

Noira Yakubova, Surayyo Musayeva, Dilafruz Axmedjanova, Shaxnoza Ibragimova

and Azizaxon Saidqosimova

Uzbekistan State University of World Languages, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Keywords: Lexico-Semantic, Specific Characteristics, Assimilation Process, Borrowed Terms, Tourism, Linguistic,

Language, Phonetic, Morphological, And Semantic Structures.

Abstract: This article explores the features of lexico-semantic assimilation of English borrowed tourism terms in the

Uzbek language. With the increasing globalization of the tourism industry, the incorporation of English terms

into Uzbek has become prevalent, aiming to enhance communication and facilitate the understanding of

tourism-related concepts. This study examines the specific characteristics and patterns of assimilation that

occur during the incorporation process. It focuses on the adaptations in both lexical and semantic aspects of

the borrowed terms and analyzes how they align with the phonetic, morphological, and semantic structures

of Uzbek. Additionally, the study investigates the impact of these assimilated terms on the local population's

perception of the tourism industry, considering factors such as familiarity, professionalism, cultural exchange,

and economic opportunities. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the linguistic and

sociocultural dynamics between English borrowing and Uzbek language, shedding light on the role of

borrowed tourism terms in shaping communication and perception within the local tourism context.

1 INTRODUCTION

In today’s globalized world, the exchange of ideas,

cultures, and languages has become more prevalent

than ever before. One field that has experienced

significant growth in recent years is tourism, which

brings people from different countries and cultures

together. As a result, the English language, being the

lingua franca of the modern world, has had a

profound impact on many languages, including

Uzbek. This article aims to explore the features of

lexico-semantic assimilation of English borrowed

tourism terms in the Uzbek language.

The borrowing of English tourism terms into

Uzbek is a natural consequence of the increasing role

of English as an international language of

communication. As Uzbekistan has become an

attractive tourist destination, it has encountered a

need to incorporate various English terms related to

tourism. These borrowings occur primarily in

response to the introduction of new concepts,

products, and services associated with the tourism

industry.

When English tourism terms are borrowed into

Uzbek, they undergo phonological adaptation to

conform to the phonetic patterns of the Uzbek

language. This adaptation involves modifying the

pronunciation of the borrowed terms to suit the

phonetic inventory of Uzbek sounds. For example,

the English term "hotel" is adapted as "xotell" in

Uzbek, reflecting the phonetic constraints of the

Uzbek language.

English borrowed tourism terms in Uzbek often

undergo morphological changes to adhere to the

grammatical structure of the Uzbek language. This

includes the addition of Uzbek suffixes or prefixes to

mark grammatical categories such as case, number, or

tense. For instance, the English term "reservation"

becomes "bron" in Uzbek, where the Uzbek suffix "-

on" is added to indicate the noun form.

Semantic adaptation is an essential aspect of the

assimilation process. English borrowed tourism terms

in Uzbek often undergo semantic shifts to align with

the cultural and linguistic context of Uzbekistan. In

some cases, borrowed terms acquire additional

meanings or connotations not present in their original

English counterparts. For example, the English term

"tour" is borrowed as "tovar" in Uzbek, which not

438

Yakubova, N., Musayeva, S., Axmedjanova, D., Ibragimova, S. and Saidqosimova, A.

Characteristics of Lexico-Semantic Integration of English Loaned Tourism Vocabulary in Uzbek.

DOI: 10.5220/0012867300003882

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 2nd Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies (PAMIR-2 2023), pages 438-442

ISBN: 978-989-758-723-8

only refers to a guided trip but also encompasses the

concept of trade or merchandise.

Another feature of the lexico-semantic

assimilation of English borrowed tourism terms in

Uzbek is the hybridization of terms. Hybridization

occurs when both English and Uzbek elements are

combined to form a new term. This process often

involves a combination of English words or phrases

with Uzbek affixes or grammatical markers. For

instance, the term "eco-tourism" is hybridized as

"eko-turizm" in Uzbek, where "eko" represents the

English abbreviation "eco" and "turizm" is the Uzbek

word for tourism.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

This literature review explores the phenomenon of

lexico-semantic assimilation of English borrowed

tourism terms in the Uzbek language. Uzbekistan,

with its rich cultural heritage and growing tourism

industry, has witnessed an influx of English terms

related to tourism. The review aims to provide an

overview of the linguistic features, patterns, and

processes involved in the assimilation of these

borrowed terms into the Uzbek lexicon. By

examining previous studies and scholarly works, this

review highlights the challenges and opportunities

presented by the integration of English tourism terms

into the Uzbek language, shedding light on the impact

of this assimilation on linguistic and cultural

dynamics.

The increasing globalization and connectivity of

the world have led to a significant influence of

English on various languages, including Uzbek. In the

context of tourism, English borrowings have emerged

as a prominent feature due to the growing tourism

industry in Uzbekistan. This literature review aims to

investigate the lexico-semantic assimilation of

English borrowed tourism terms in the Uzbek

language. It explores the processes and linguistic

features associated with the incorporation of these

terms and examines the implications for the linguistic

and cultural landscape of Uzbekistan.

3 METHODOLOGY

To conduct this article, a comprehensive search was

performed using academic databases, including

Google Scholar, JSTOR, and linguistics-specific

portals. Keywords such as "lexico-semantic

assimilation," "English borrowings," "tourism

terms," and "Uzbek language" were used to identify

relevant articles, research papers, and dissertations.

The selected sources were critically evaluated to

analyse the features of lexico-semantic assimilation

in the context of English borrowings in Uzbek

tourism terminology.

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The assimilation of English borrowed tourism terms

in Uzbek has a significant impact on the local tourism

industry in several ways:

1. Improved Communication

The integration of English borrowed tourism terms

into the Uzbek language enhances communication

between tourists and local service providers. As

English is widely spoken by international travelers,

incorporating English terms into Uzbek facilitates

effective communication and understanding of

tourism-related information, such as hotel facilities,

transportation options, and tourist attractions. This, in

turn, improves the overall tourist experience and

encourages more visitors to engage with the local

tourism industry.

2. International Appeal

By assimilating English borrowed tourism terms,

Uzbekistan signals its openness and readiness to cater

to international tourists. The use of familiar English

terms in the local tourism industry creates a sense of

familiarity and comfort for English-speaking

travelers. It helps Uzbekistan position itself as a

welcoming and accessible destination, thereby

attracting a larger number of international visitors and

boosting the tourism sector.

3. Standardization and Professionalism

The adoption of English borrowed tourism terms in

Uzbek contributes to the standardization and

professionalization of the local tourism industry. As

the industry aligns itself with international standards

and practices, the use of English terms allows for

consistent and clear communication across various

tourism-related services. It helps establish a common

language and terminology within the industry,

enhancing professionalism and facilitating efficient

operations.

4. Global Competitiveness

In today's global tourism market, competitiveness is

crucial for attracting tourists and generating revenue.

The assimilation of English borrowed tourism terms

in Uzbek enhances the country's global

competitiveness. It enables Uzbekistan to effectively

market its tourism products and services to an

international audience, making it easier for potential

Characteristics of Lexico-Semantic Integration of English Loaned Tourism Vocabulary in Uzbek

439

visitors to understand and engage with the offerings.

This linguistic adaptation helps Uzbekistan stand out

among its competitors and position itself as a

desirable destination for travellers worldwide.

5. Cultural Exchange and Understanding

The assimilation of English borrowed tourism terms

in Uzbek represents a broader cultural exchange and

understanding between Uzbekistan and English-

speaking countries. It fosters intercultural dialogue,

encourages interaction between locals and tourists,

and promotes a deeper appreciation and

understanding of each other's cultures. This cultural

exchange enriches the tourism experience by bridging

linguistic and cultural barriers, allowing for

meaningful interactions and creating a more inclusive

and diverse tourism environment.

The assimilation of English borrowed tourism

terms in Uzbek has a positive impact on the local

tourism industry. It improves communication,

enhances international appeal, contributes to

standardization and professionalism, increases global

competitiveness, and fosters cultural exchange and

understanding. By embracing English borrowings,

Uzbekistan can effectively cater to the needs and

expectations of international tourists, ultimately

driving growth and development in the tourism

sector.

The assimilation of English borrowed tourism

terms in Uzbek has had an impact on the local

population's perception of the tourism industry in

several ways:

1. Familiarity and Accessibility:

The incorporation of English borrowed terms in

the local tourism industry has made the industry more

accessible to the local population. As English

becomes more prevalent in daily life through the use

of tourism-related terms, the local population

becomes familiar with the concepts and services

associated with tourism. This familiarity can lead to a

greater understanding and appreciation of the

industry and its potential benefits.

2. Perception of Professionalism:

The adoption of English borrowed tourism terms

contributes to the perception of professionalism

within the local tourism industry. The use of

standardized terminology aligns Uzbekistan's tourism

sector with international standards and practices. This

can enhance the perception of professionalism and

competence among the local population, as they

witness the industry's efforts to meet global

expectations and provide quality services.

3. Economic Opportunities:

The assimilation of English borrowed tourism

terms can create economic opportunities for the local

population. As the local tourism industry grows and

attracts more international visitors, there is a potential

increase in job opportunities, particularly in sectors

directly related to tourism, such as hospitality,

transportation, and tour guiding. This can positively

impact the local population's perception of the

industry by providing avenues for employment and

income generation.

4. Cultural Exchange and Pride:

The integration of English borrowed tourism

terms in Uzbek allows for cultural exchange between

the local population and international tourists. As

locals interact with visitors who are familiar with

these terms, it creates opportunities for sharing

cultural knowledge, traditions, and experiences. This

interaction can foster a sense of pride in the local

population, as they see their language and culture

being embraced and appreciated by visitors from

around the world.

5. Perception of Global Connectedness:

The assimilation of English borrowed tourism

terms reflects the global connectedness of

Uzbekistan's tourism industry. It signifies the

country's participation in the global tourism market

and its openness to engaging with international

visitors. This perception of global connectedness can

instil a sense of pride and confidence among the local

population, as they witness their country being

recognized and valued as a tourist destination on a

global scale.

Overall, the assimilation of English borrowed

tourism terms in Uzbek has the potential to positively

influence the local population's perception of the

tourism industry. It can create familiarity, enhance

professionalism, provide economic opportunities,

foster cultural exchange, and contribute to a sense of

global connectedness. By embracing these

borrowings, the local population may develop a

greater appreciation for the industry's significance

and recognize the benefits it brings to their

communities.

Here are a few examples of specific English

borrowed tourism terms that have been incorporated

into Uzbek:

 Hotel - xotell (phonological adaptation)

 Reservation - bron (morphological

adaptation)

 Tour - tovar (semantic adaptation)

 Guide - gajd (phonological and semantic

adaptation)

 Restaurant - restoran (phonological

adaptation)



Ticket - bilet (phonological adaptation)

 Passport - pasport (phonological adaptation)

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 Airport - aeroport (phonological adaptation)

 Taxi - taksi (phonological adaptation)

 Souvenir - suvenir (phonological adaptation)

These examples demonstrate how English borrowed

terms have been modified to fit the phonetic patterns

and grammatical structure of the Uzbek language.

While the borrowed terms retain their basic meaning,

they may undergo adaptations in pronunciation,

morphology, and semantics to align with the Uzbek

linguistic and cultural context.

The adaptations of English borrowed terms in

Uzbek can have an impact on the overall

pronunciation of Uzbek words. Here are some ways

in which these adaptations can affect pronunciation:

1. Phonetic Adjustments: When English

borrowed terms are incorporated into Uzbek, they

may undergo phonetic adjustments to conform to the

phonetic inventory of the Uzbek language. This

means that the pronunciation of certain sounds or

phonemes in the borrowed terms may be modified to

match the available sounds in Uzbek. For example,

English "hotel" becoming "xotell" involves the

adaptation of the initial /h/ sound to the Uzbek sound

/x/.

2. Stress Patterns: English borrowed terms often

have different stress patterns compared to Uzbek

words. When these terms are assimilated, the stress

placement may be adjusted to align with the typical

stress patterns of Uzbek. This can affect the overall

pronunciation and rhythm of the borrowed words. For

example, the English term "restaurant" may have

stress on the second syllable, but in Uzbek, it would

typically have stress on the first syllable, resulting in

a different pronunciation.

3. Vowel Harmony: Uzbek has a vowel harmony

system where vowels in a word must harmonize

based on their backness and rounding. When English

borrowed terms are integrated into Uzbek, the vowels

in those terms may need to be adjusted to adhere to

the vowel harmony rules of the Uzbek language. This

can lead to changes in the pronunciation of vowels in

the borrowed terms.

4. Consonant Clusters: English often has

complex consonant clusters that are not typically

found in Uzbek words. To adapt to the phonotactics

of the Uzbek language, these clusters may be

simplified or modified. For instance, the English

word "restaurant" may have its consonant cluster

simplified to "restoran" in Uzbek.

So, the adaptations of English borrowed terms in

Uzbek can affect the pronunciation of Uzbek words

by introducing new phonetic elements, adjusting

stress patterns, harmonizing vowels, and simplifying

complex consonant clusters. These adaptations

ensure that the borrowed terms are pronounced in a

way that is compatible with the phonological rules

and patterns of the Uzbek language.

The adaptations in pronunciation of English

borrowed terms in Uzbek can impact the

understanding of these words by native Uzbek

speakers in a few ways:

1. Familiarity and Recognition: The adaptations

aim to make the borrowed terms more familiar and

recognizable to native Uzbek speakers. By adjusting

the pronunciation to align with the phonetic patterns

of Uzbek, native speakers can more easily identify

and associate these terms with their corresponding

concepts. This familiarity enhances the understanding

of the borrowed words and facilitates communication

within the tourism industry.

2. Clarity and Intelligibility: The adaptations in

pronunciation strive to maintain clarity and

intelligibility for native Uzbek speakers. While the

phonetic adjustments may alter the original

pronunciation of the borrowed terms, the goal is to

ensure that they remain comprehensible to the local

population. By adapting the pronunciation to fit the

phonetic inventory of Uzbek, the words become

clearer and easier to understand, minimizing potential

confusion or misinterpretation.

3. Integration into the Lexicon: The adaptations

in pronunciation help integrate the borrowed terms

into the Uzbek lexicon smoothly. When the

pronunciation of the borrowed terms aligns with the

existing sound patterns of Uzbek words, it allows for

a seamless integration into the language. This

facilitates the acceptance and adoption of these terms

by native speakers, enhancing their understanding

and usage within the local tourism industry.

4. Contextual Cues: In addition to pronunciation,

native Uzbek speakers also rely on contextual cues to

understand the meaning of borrowed terms. While the

adaptations in pronunciation make the words more

accessible, the overall understanding is often

supported by the broader context in which these terms

are used. Native speakers rely on visual cues,

gestures, surrounding words, and situational context

to decipher the intended meaning of the borrowed

terms.

It’s important to note that the level of

understanding may vary among native Uzbek

speakers depending on their exposure to English and

their familiarity with the borrowed terms. However,

the adaptations in pronunciation are designed to

facilitate comprehension and ensure that the

borrowed terms can be effectively understood and

integrated into the everyday language usage of native

Characteristics of Lexico-Semantic Integration of English Loaned Tourism Vocabulary in Uzbek

441

Uzbek speakers, particularly within the context of the

tourism industry.

Here are a few examples of how native Uzbek

speakers may use contextual cues to understand the

meaning of borrowed terms:

1. Gestures and Actions: Native Uzbek speakers

may rely on accompanying gestures or actions to

interpret the meaning of a borrowed term. For

example, if a tour guide uses the borrowed term

"guide" (gajd), they may point or make a guiding

motion, helping native speakers associate the term

with the role of a guide who provides assistance and

direction.

2. Visual Context: Visual context plays a crucial

role in understanding borrowed terms. Native Uzbek

speakers may observe their surroundings or refer to

visual cues to grasp the meaning. For instance, if they

hear the borrowed term "hotel" (xotell) in a

conversation while standing in front of a building

with the word "xotell" written on it and seeing people

entering and exiting, they can deduce that it refers to

a hotel.

3. Adjacent Words or Phrases: The words or

phrases used alongside the borrowed term can

provide valuable hints for understanding its meaning.

Native Uzbek speakers may listen to other words in

the sentence or conversation that provide clues about

the context or purpose of the borrowed term. For

example, if they hear the borrowed term "ticket"

(bilet) along with words like "train," "bus," or

"concert," they can infer that it refers to a ticket for

transportation or admission.

4. Nonverbal Communication: Nonverbal cues,

such as facial expressions, tone of voice, or body

language, can convey additional meaning and help

native Uzbek speakers understand borrowed terms.

When interacting with tourists or service providers,

the nonverbal cues accompanying the borrowed terms

can assist in interpreting their intended meaning. For

instance, a friendly smile and welcoming gesture can

indicate that the borrowed term "welcome" (xush

kelibsiz) is used to greet and make visitors feel at

ease.

5. Cultural and Social Context: The cultural and

social context in which the borrowed terms are used

can also aid in understanding. Native Uzbek speakers

may draw on their cultural knowledge and

experiences to interpret the meaning of the borrowed

terms. For example, if they hear the borrowed term

"souvenir" (suvenir) in a bustling market where

vendors are selling crafts and mementos, they can

associate the term with the concept of a keepsake or a

gift item.

These examples illustrate how native Uzbek

speakers rely on various contextual cues, such as

gestures, visual context, adjacent words or phrases,

nonverbal communication, and cultural and social

context, to understand the meaning of borrowed

terms. By integrating these cues with the adapted

pronunciation of the terms, native speakers can

effectively comprehend and engage with the

borrowed vocabulary in their everyday interactions.

5 CONCLUSION

The assimilation of English borrowed tourism terms

in the Uzbek language reflects the ongoing language

contact and cultural exchange in the globalized world.

These borrowings undergo phonological,

morphological, and semantic adaptation to integrate

into the linguistic framework of Uzbekistan. The

lexico-semantic features of these borrowings

highlight the dynamic nature of language and the

ability of a language to absorb and adapt to new

concepts and ideas. The assimilation of English

borrowed tourism terms in Uzbek not only enriches

the vocabulary but also facilitates effective

communication in the field of tourism within the

Uzbek-speaking community.

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