Cultivating Contemporary Professional Personnel: Evaluating Higher

Education Standards and Reform Measures for Enhancement

Nasiba Jumaniyozova, Nilufar Nazarova, Khadicha Chulpanova

and Isakova Mokhinur

Tashkent State Transport University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Keywords: Higher Professional Education, Education Policy, Modernization, International Mobility, Human Capital.

Abstract: The purpose of this article is aimed at its research, since there is a need for research in the modern system of

socio-humanitarian knowledge on educational modernization, integration of regional and national cultures

and the need to separately study the mental characteristics of people. Design/methodology / approach: the

article uses techniques such as comparison, analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, sociological inquiry,

and the principles of objectivity, historicity, logic. The process of the higher education system of Uzbekistan

was taken as the object of the study. Originality / value: as a result of the essence of higher education being

able to respond to the worldview of the educational person in response to the internal (introversive), external

extroversive (external) needs of a person, to reflect on the mechanism of "Science – Education – production",

harmonizing the elements of upbringing, to perform a capacitive function in society, reflect constant changes

and innovations as a social phenomenon.

1 INTRODUCTION

The main goal of the state government in the field of

higher education is to form a step-by-step model of

education that meets the challenges of the 21st

century. The scope and quality of higher education in

Uzbekistan is subject to constant attention and

improvement.

“The formation of human capital, the realization

of the capacity of the individual is counted from the

responsible tasks of the state. Whatever goals the state

sets for itself, it is necessary to create an educational

system accordingly”.

Focusing on education at the state level is a key

factor in the development of education, as well as a

positive impact on the level of knowledge of the

younger generation.

We can also know from the opinions and

decisions made by President Shavkat Mirziyoev in

this regard that modernizing higher education in

Uzbekistan is officially recognized as a strategic

direction of state policy. This, of course, requires

further improvement of the higher professional

education system of Uzbekistan. One of the most

visible results of innovative changes in education is,

in our opinion, the acceleration of the "aging" of

knowledge acquired in the process of obtaining

education in higher educational institutions, as well

as the incompatibility of theoretical knowledge with

the needs of the practical sphere of society's life.

Accordingly, the need to constantly update and put

this knowledge into practice is increasing. In this

regard, the transition of the educational system of our

country to a two-stage system has become a necessity

for the period of combining specialists in all fields

with practice in professional training and further

development of science. The radical improvement of

the educational policy carried out in this regard and

the further strengthening of the legal framework led

to the integration of international educational

templates. The preparation for the growing accession

of Uzbekistan to the Bologna Convention

predetermined the need to form a single educational

space, accordingly, the same as the European criteria

for the quality of education, compliance with uniform

technological and humanitarian standards and the

requirements for training specialists of all spheres. At

the same time, this approach helps to train

competitive professionals in the modern labour

market at all levels, expands the possibility of

influencing the content, forms and methods of

organizing the educational process, even helps to

choose the type of educational institution. On the one

hand, this approach helps to train professionals of all

levels who are competitive in the modern labour

486

Jumaniyozova, N., Nazarova, N., Chulpanova, K. and Mokhinur, I.

Cultivating Contemporary Professional Personnel: Evaluating Higher Education Standards and Reform Measures for Enhancement.

DOI: 10.5220/0012871600003882

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 2nd Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies (PAMIR-2 2023), pages 486-492

ISBN: 978-989-758-723-8

market. In fact, these parameters affect the indicators

of the quality of education.

2 MATERIALS AND METHOD

Philosophical teachings on education are found in the

works of the ancient Greek and Roman philosophers

Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Seneca, and later in the

teachings of the German classical philosophers of the

Renaissance. Even in the new era, scientific research

was carried out on the formation of education, global

culture and educational trends, scientific literature

was created.

D. Hell, D.Pobeptc, P.Pobeptcon, C.Huntington,

E. Cmit in the work of scientists such as inclusion and

renewal of higher education, global education,

transnational education, Education is scientifically

studied in the same direction as for everyone.

Problems such as national education,

democratization, education and culture in the higher

education system, CIS scientist A.P. Valitskaya, V.V.

Kpaevckiy, Studied by V.M. Pozin, B.M. Bid-Bam.

In the study of the formation of modern higher

education in Uzbekistan, its philosophical, economic-

political, socio-legal, spiritual and ideological

foundations, the philosophers of our country J.

Ramatov, N. The works of the Shermuhammedovs

occupy a special place. In particular, P.D. Yuldashev

in his research revealed the improvement and

development of the theoretical and conceptual

foundations of the development of the educational

process from a philosophical point of view. Professor

B.A. Amanov studied the political and philosophical

aspects of conceptual models of modernization of

society. Y. Namozova studied the philosophy of

education at the beginning of the 19th – end of the

20th century AD.

We witnessed that in Japan, getting acquainted

with the literature and research work that reflected the

problems of the higher education system, the general

content of the higher education system, the prospects

and problems of the development of the higher

education system were paid much attention.

3 RESULTS

As you know, the only indicators of the quality of

education do not depend on the presence of a formed

professional mind. It is not for nothing that in modern

world practice, various conceptual and practical

approaches are used to assessing the quality of work

of higher educational institutions for the training of

specialists for various fields. Among them, attention,

effective and general approaches can be noted

separately.

We can also know this from the results of the

sociological study carried out. For example, the

respondents ' question "What do you want to do after

graduation?", analysing the answers to our question,

we will see the following indicators (Table 1).

Table 1: What do you want to do after graduating from the High School?

What do you want to do after graduating from the University:

Selection group (in % account)

n-855 %

I work in government agencies (organizations) 425 50

I work in commercial institutions (organizations) 17 2

Continuing education (doctoral, second-higher education) 162 19

I am engaged in teaching activities 25 3

I am engaged in research activities 8 1

I'll start my own business 100 11.7

I dedicate myself to home, to my family 8 1

I will go abroad (to study). 175 20.5

The highest percentage, 50%, is held by government

organizations. 25% of respondents, on the other hand,

chose the post-tertiary stage, the basic doctorate. It

can be seen that the number of young people who

want to engage in scientific activities is also

increasing in later times. Those wishing to work

abroad were 20.5%.

According to the opinions of its researchers, an

Expert Mechanism is used to assess the professional

level of educational programs and educational

institutions. It is based on the measurement of

Cultivating Contemporary Professional Personnel: Evaluating Higher Education Standards and Reform Measures for Enhancement

487

quantitative indicators of university activity. The

general approach is based on the principles of

"universal quality Management " (TQM) and the

requirements for the quality management systems of

the International Organization for Standardization

(International Organization for Standardization,

ISO). This approach exists within two historically

formed quality assessment models. The first is based

on the internal self-esteem of the University academic

community. In France, it is based on the external

assessment of the University in terms of

responsibility for society and the state.

In general, there is no single system of institutional

evaluation of university activities in Europe. Each

country has its own approach to ensuring and

evaluating the quality of Higher Education. The main

elements of the quality assessment system in

Uzbekistan are standardization, licensing, certification

and accreditation of educational institutions. At the

same time, the basics of quality assessment are, first

of all, state educational standards and state

requirements. Educational standards of the

educational process in higher educational institutions

of Uzbekistan include requirements for all

components of the educational process, including

personnel, educational-methodological, material and

technical and information equipment. This was also

known in the results of the sociological survey. Will

you be given a variety of guides (guide, study

calendar, selection science catalogues, etc.)? when

asked, 39.8% of respondents specified that "not all

manuals are available to students". Also, 36.3% of

respondents answered Yes. Almost percentages are

close to each other, but opposite answers are felt. This

is a sign that the problem has not found a complete

solution (Table 2).

Table 2: Will you be given a variety of guides (guide, study calendar, selection science catalogues, etc.)

Will you be given a variety of guides (guide, study calendar,

selection science catalogs, etc.)?

Selection group (in % account)

n-855

Yes 310 36.3

Not all student guides are available 340 39.8

The package is issued for the Academic Team 50 5.9

Not provided 162 19

Diagram 1: Will you be given a variety of guides (guide, study calendar, selection science catalogues, etc.)?

With all the differences in approaches to the problem

of ensuring the level and effectiveness of Education,

Uzbekistan today focuses on the quality of education

in terms of its participation in the Bologna Process. A

number of regulatory legal acts adopted in recent

years are confirmation of this. One of the most

important tasks of the higher professional education

system is to develop a system for assessing the quality

of education and increase the demand for educational

services. After all, it is important. The concept of

long-term socio-economic development of

Uzbekistan for the period up to 2025 focuses on the

priority features of Higher Education.

36.3

39.8

5.9

Will you be given a variety of guides (guide, study calendar,

selection science catalogs, etc.)?

Yes, 100%

Not all student guides are available

The package is issued for the Academic Team

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This shows that there are hundreds of problems

related to the quality of education waiting to be

solved.

Today, the status of a university is determined not

only by the traditional multiplier, but also by the

presence of a system of employment of graduates in

higher education, the possibility of continuing

education and improving the qualifications of

graduates, etc.

Modernization of the higher education system

makes it possible to see some incorrect calculations

in the implementation of the process of modernization

and implementation of a new system of assessing the

quality of Education. At the same time, effective

work is underway to develop and implement new

competency-based basic education programs for all

levels of education related to new legislation in the

field of Education. The implementation of work

aimed at practical results is one of the most important

indicators of the quality of education in terms of a

competent approach. For example, "how satisfied are

you with the different aspects of the educational

process?", 37.4 percent of respondents showed partial

satisfaction. 9.1% reported being unhappy (Table 3).

So, it follows from this that the organization of the

educational process does not correspond to the

requirements of today's reforms and modernization.

Table 3: How satisfied are you with the different aspects of the educational process"?

Selection group (in % account)

n-855

Lesson content 165 19.3

Using visual elements and tutorials 72.6 8.5

Awareness of changes in the educational process 102.6 12

Very pleased 117.1 13.7

Partially satisfied 319 37.4

Not satisfied 77.8 9.1

That is why there are now increasing demands for the

development of a plan of measures aimed at

supporting, financing institutions of Higher

Education.

Diagram 2: How satisfied are you with the different aspects of the educational process?

When preparing this report, industrial employers

noted a low level of satisfaction with the knowledge

and skills of university graduates. Almost half (49%)

of industrial firms show difficulties in finding

qualified professionals with higher education, and

only a third (33%) believe that today the skills of

university graduates are higher than ten years ago

(36% of respondents believe). Nor are there any

suggestions that knowledge and skills have declined.

It is worth noting that graduates of the higher

education system often do not work in their

specialties, for example, ".... only 57% of graduates

of pedagogical universities are employed in the field

of education, and in the field of construction,

100

150

200

250

300

350

Content of

the lesson

Using

visual

elements

and

tutorials

Awareness

of changes

in the

educational

process

very

satisfied

Partially

satisfied

Not

satisfied

n-855

165 72.6 102.6 117.1 319 77.8

19.3 8.5 12 13.7 37.4 9.1

Cultivating Contemporary Professional Personnel: Evaluating Higher Education Standards and Reform Measures for Enhancement

489

construction occupies three-quarters of all positions

intended for graduates of higher educational

institutions"[7]. Low coverage rates and poor

relationship between employers, industries, and

universities also limit the economy's potential for

innovation, technology customization, and value

added. Obviously, a lot of work needs to be done to

eliminate the gap between demand and supply,

preparing universities to meet the requirements of a

changing economy.

Harukhiko Kuroda, president of the Asian

Development Bank, said: "Uzbekistan's

achievements in social and humanitarian

development are admirable... Uzbekistan is

consistently advancing towards the achievement of

the Millennium Development Goals in the primary,

secondary and higher education sectors... The

educational model of Uzbekistan is not limited to the

establishment of educational institutions that meet the

most modern requirements. This model is primarily

based on quality, i.e., teachers, students, curricula

and, ultimately, improving the quality of knowledge.

In addition, this educational model, developed taking

into account the needs related to globalization, serves

as a means of ensuring that Uzbekistan occupies a

worthy place in Asia, in the world community as a

whole,", he noted.

Of course, this was a matter of several years ago.

In the following years, the higher education system is

constantly working to improve the standards and

requirements of Education. To this end, modern

forms of education, effective methods, new

information and educational technologies have been

developed and brought to life by higher education.

How much his social image has changed and how

reforms are working, we have analyzed similar issues

through our studies of the effects of serious changes

over the next five years and have witnessed a great

difference in certain aspects.

For example, "are professors creative and

enterprising in class?", 58.2 percent of respondents

gave the answer "yes, not all professors", and from

37.1 percent of the answers, we know that there are

not many teachers with skills and abilities that direct

creative, enterprising and students to work in

cooperation, to correctly assess the situation. Of

course, this is a sad situation. It is a sign that those

who get lost in a higher education institution or with

the support of someone will also meet. This does not

adversely affect the most important issues, such as the

implementation of the reforms that our country is

implementing and confidence in the future. 4.7% of

respondents claimed that teaching and tutoring

professors had no creativity at all, did not work on

themselves, and did not Research in the field. It can

be said that in the lecture or practical classes of such

people, students are bored and cannot concentrate,

and their coldness towards science also gradually

increases. The descendants of the new age and New

Age society will never forgive such a situation.

Table 4: Will professors be creative and enterprising in the lesson?

Will professors be creative and enterprising in the lesson?

Selection group (in % account)

n-855

Yes, most of the teachers 497.6 58.2

Few teachers 317.2 37.1

No 40.1 4.7

The period and age of information covering all areas,

as well as higher education, can be judged as the

greatest achievement. On this basis, in order to find

out the opinions of students, we addressed the

following question (Table 5).

Table 5: How satisfied is it to provide information support to the educational process?

« How satisfied is it to provide information support to the

educational process »?

Selection group (in % account)

n-855 %

Availability of necessary scientific and educational literature in

the librar

322.5 37.7

Talim zharaenida foidalaniladigan computlar sony 70 8.2

Number of places in the study hall 47 5.5

Жудa мaмнунман 110 12.9

Partially satisfied 272 31.9

Not satisfied 75 8.8

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As you know, information and resource centres are

organized in all SMS messages. From the answers to

questions about whether the situation in them is

suitable for today's demand, it turned out that 37.7%

of young people "have the necessary scientific and

educational literature in the library. "While 5.5%

reported few locations, 12.9% were very satisfied,

while 31.9% reported partial mannequin, 8.8% said

the state of the library was not satisfied at all. Such

aspects also reduce confidence in going to an

Information Resource Centre, learning something

there. And later, the attitude towards books can lead

to drastic changes if one cannot fully master a

particular subject and achieve the goal, irritability,

mental tension, and this can also cool down from

education.

Diagram 3: How satisfied is it to provide information support to the educational process?

Typically, there would be individuals or disciplines in

particular responsible for issues related to spirituality

and enlightenment. The situation is currently

changing. In order to clarify the educational work

carried out in addition to the auditorium in the

institution of Higher Education, the question "Are

you satisfied with the areas of extracurricular

activities and training carried out at the University

(Institute, Academy)?"with the question. Analysing

the results obtained, 37.4% determined that young

people were fully satisfied, while 43% gave a partial,

14.3% no response. 5.3% of the participants gave the

answer "No, at all". The conclusion follows that

sports training, clubs, reading hours, scientific circles,

competitions are not properly and rationally

established. The issue of youth leisure does not

correspond to the demand of the Times (Table 6).

Active youth around the world enrich their social

lives with the likes of going to orphanages with

disabilities to read books, organizing fun quiz games,

or going to a nursing home to volunteer to help them

explore their needs, in addition to organizing poetry

days at university leisure.

When we analysed the demographics of the

students of the higher education institution involved

in our studies, 67.8% were male and 32.2% were

female. This, of course, does not mean that women

are inferior in the Uzbek higher education system, nor

does it prove that there is a problem of gender

equality. Because in the higher education institutions

that we have researched, depending on the

professional orientation, we see that mainly men are

educated and that they are actively involved. For

example,"... men make up 60% of the students

entering universities (in the following years, the

proportion of women in universities decreased in

contrast to other countries in the Region)".

4 CONCLUSION

As a conclusion, it should be said that for the future

success of industrialized countries in the field of

knowledge and services, it is necessary not only to

improve higher education, but also to more clearly

understand that higher education is required,

combined with international actions of governments

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Availability

of necessary

scientific

and

educational

literature in

the library

The number

computers

used in the

educational

process

Number of

seats in the

study hall

Very

satisfied

Partially

satisfied

Did not

satisfy

37.7 8.2 5.5 12.9 31.9 8.8

n-855

322.5 70.1 47 110.2 272.7 75.2

Cultivating Contemporary Professional Personnel: Evaluating Higher Education Standards and Reform Measures for Enhancement

491

and the private sector. The problem is that this

integration must be achieved while maintaining the

traditional universal goals of Higher Education.

When it comes to the international aspects of

university activities, they use different terms

"International Education", "internalization of

education", its "globalization", "transnational

education", etc. The term" international education " is

sometimes used to refer to international student

exchange programs, to attract foreign students, and to

send students to study abroad. Instilling in the youth

of our country the mood and idea of not getting an

education for a diploma, but of being a real,

competitive modern specialist, leads to the

achievement of significant achievements.

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Amanov, B.A. Sociophilosophical Analysis of the

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http://diss.natlib.uz/

Bim, Bad B.M. Philosophy of Education. Pedagogical

Encyclopedic Dictionary. Moscow, 2002.

Valitskaya, A.P. Russian Education: Modernization and

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G.A. Modernization of the Higher Professional

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