Significance of Precedent Units in Uzbeki and English Languages

Zebokhon Mallaeva

Navoi Innovations University, Navoi, Uzbekistan

Keywords: Linguistics, Precedent Unit, Method, Translation.

Abstract: The lexicons of global languages continually evolve through the assimilation of borrowed terms. The Uzbek

language, for instance, has embraced various loanwords, including "precedent." This article delves into the

instances of precedent within both Uzbek and English linguistic contexts. It examines how these borrowed

terms are integrated into the respective languages, elucidating their usage, adaptation, and significance within

different cultural and communicative frameworks. By exploring the concept of precedent across linguistic

boundaries, this study sheds light on the dynamic nature of language evolution and the interconnectedness of

diverse linguistic traditions. Through comparative analysis, it seeks to elucidate the nuances of precedent

usage, demonstrating how such borrowings contribute to the richness and versatility of language expression.

Ultimately, this inquiry into precedent in Uzbek and English serves as a testament to the intricate interplay

between languages, shaping and reshaping linguistic landscapes through cross-cultural exchanges.

1 INTRODUCTION

The study delves into the multifaceted understanding

of the term "precedent" by examining various

explanations and definitions sourced from

explanatory, encyclopaedic, etymological, bilingual,

and multilingual dictionaries, alongside synonyms,

antonyms, and homonyms, as well as dictionaries

published within Uzbek linguistics. Across these

diverse linguistic resources, the term "precedent" is

scrutinized in its countable and uncountable noun

forms, revealing its nuanced usage and significance

in both English and Uzbek languages. This literature

review underscores the dynamic nature of language,

wherein borrowing and adaptation of terms contribute

to the evolution of lexicons. Particularly intriguing is

the inclusion of "precedent" in the Uzbek Spelling

Dictionary, highlighting its relevance and integration

within the linguistic fabric. As language continuously

evolves, dictionaries serve as crucial repositories of

linguistic changes, ensuring that the lexicon remains

reflective of contemporary usage and facilitating

cross-cultural understanding. Thus, this literature

review sets the stage for a comprehensive exploration

of "precedent" within the contexts of Uzbek and

English languages.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

It is not uncommon for languages to adopt loanwords

from other languages, especially when it comes to

technical or specialized terms. The inclusion of

"precedent" in the Uzbek Spelling Dictionary

indicates its relevance and usage in the language.

Language is constantly evolving, and dictionaries

play a vital role in documenting these changes. It's

great to see efforts to ensure that a language's lexicon

remains current and reflective of contemporary usage.

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

"The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald is a novel

set in the 1920s that follows the life of Jay Gatsby, a

wealthy and mysterious man who throws extravagant

parties in the hope of rekindling a romance with his

former love, Daisy Buchanan. The story explores

themes of love, wealth, and the American Dream, and

ultimately reveals the emptiness and disillusionment

that can come with the pursuit of material success.

The term "precedent" can be used as a countable

noun (C) or an uncountable noun (U) in English. It

refers to an action or event in the past that is used as

Mallaeva, Z.

Signiﬁcance of Precedent Units in Uzbeki and English Languages.

DOI: 10.5220/0012885300003882

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 2nd Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies (PAMIR-2 2023), pages 563-566

ISBN: 978-989-758-723-8

563

an example or reason for a present action or event.

Here are some examples of how it can be used:

1. Countable noun (C):

 There are good precedents for this kind of

cooperation between organizations.

 Arab states condemned the plan, regarding it

as setting a dangerous precedent.

2. Uncountable noun (U):

 The decision to allow the use of drones in

civilian areas could set a dangerous

precedent.

 The judge considered the precedent set by

previous cases before making her ruling.

In these examples, "precedent" is used to refer to a

previous action or event that serves as a guide or basis

for current decisions or actions without precedent.

This is disturbing news and totally without precedent.

The term "precedent" can be used as a countable

noun (C) or an uncountable noun (U) in English. It

refers to an action or event in the past that is used as

an example or reason for a present action or event.

Here are some examples of how it can be used:

1. Countable noun (C):

 There are good precedents for this kind of

cooperation between organizations.

 Arab states condemned the plan, regarding it

as setting a dangerous precedent.

2. Uncountable noun (U):

 The decision to allow the use of drones in

civilian areas could set a dangerous

precedent.

 The judge considered the precedent set by

previous cases before making her ruling.

In these examples, "precedent" is used to refer to a

previous action or event that serves as a guide or basis

for current decisions or actions.

In the legal context, a "precedent" can have two

main meanings:

1. As a countable noun (precedent), it refers to a

decision made by a court that serves as an example or

authority for future similar cases. When a court

establishes a precedent, it means that the decision

made in that particular case becomes a reference point

for how similar cases should be decided in the future.

For example, "It would not be right for this case to be

treated as a precedent" means that the decision in this

case should not be used as a basis for future decisions.

2. As an uncountable noun (precedent), it refers to the

practice of using previous legal decisions as a guide

or authority for making current legal decisions. This

practice is known as "judicial precedent" and involves

courts looking at past rulings to help determine how

similar cases should be decided. For example, "The

English legal system is a composite of legislation and

judicial precedent" means that in England, legal

decisions are based not only on laws passed by the

legislature but also on past court decisions that set

precedents.

In the new edition of The Merriam-Webster

Dictionary:

[precedent – Something said or done that may

serve to authorize or justify further words or actions

of the same or a similar kind.]

The Merriam-Webster Dictionary for Electronic

Devices defines it as follows:

[precedent n. – a similar action or event that

happened at an earlier time.

Something done or said that can be used as an

example or rule to be followed in the future.

The usual or traditional way of doing something. Full

definition:

1. An earlier occurrence of something similar.

2. (a) Something done or said that may serve as an

example or rule to authorize or justify a subsequent

act of the same or an analogous kind - a verdict that

had no precedent.

(b) the convention established by such a precedent

or by long practice; 3: a person or thing that serves as

a model].

The term "precedent" can be used as a countable

noun (C) or an uncountable noun (U) in English. It

refers to an action or event in the past that is used as

an example or reason for a present action or event.

Here are some examples of how it can be used:

1. Countable noun (C):

 There are good precedents for this kind of

cooperation between organizations.

 Arab states condemned the plan, regarding it

as setting a dangerous precedent.

2. Uncountable noun (U):

 The decision to allow the use of drones in

civilian areas could set a dangerous

precedent.

 The judge considered the precedent set by

previous cases before making her ruling.

In these examples, "precedent" is used to refer to a

previous action or event that serves as a guide or basis

for current decisions or actions.

In the legal context, a "precedent" can have two main

meanings:

1. As a countable noun (precedent), it refers to a

decision made by a court that serves as an example or

authority for future similar cases. When a court

establishes a precedent, it means that the decision

made in that particular case becomes a reference point

for how similar cases should be decided in the future.

PAMIR-2 2023 - The Second Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies- | PAMIR

564

For example, "It would not be right for this case to be

treated as a precedent" means that the decision in this

case should not be used as a basis for future decisions.

2. As an uncountable noun (precedent), it refers to the

practice of using previous legal decisions as a guide

or authority for making current legal decisions. This

practice is known as "judicial precedent" and involves

courts looking at past rulings to help determine how

similar cases should be decided. For example, "The

English legal system is a composite of legislation and

judicial precedent" means that in England, legal

decisions are based not only on laws passed by the

legislature but also on past court decisions that set

precedents.

In the context of onomastics (the study of names), a

"precedent noun" refers to a specific type of name that

is included in the onomastic scope of a particular

language. These names are considered to be the main

units that express the culture of a nation. The

onomastic scope of a nation is seen as a

comprehensive phenomenon that encompasses its

history, culture, aesthetic views, and spirit.

Precedent nouns can include names associated

with famous texts or situations, as well as symbolic

names that reference an exemplary set of certain

qualities. According to V.A. Maslova, personal

names linked to well-known texts or events can be

classified as precedent names. For example, names

like Oblomov and Taras Bulba are considered

precedent names because they are associated with

famous literary works or characters (such as the novel

"Oblomov" by Ivan Goncharov and the novella

"Taras Bulba" by Nikolai Gogol). These names carry

cultural and historical significance and can evoke

specific qualities or characteristics.

Based on this, Alpomish, Amir Temur, Alisher

Navoi, Babur Mirza, Kumush, Otabek, Layli,

Majnun, Tomaris, Takhir, Zuhra, Khumo, Cholpon

are Uzbek; Hamlet, Heracles, Columbus, Othello,

Iago, Buratino are the most famous precedent names

known to representatives of foreign countries.

"Most of the precedent names are connected with the

national mentality of the representatives of a

particular nation and can also show a universal

character. In particular, an Uzbek reader can easily

accept the content of texts with names such as

Napoleon, Buratino, Charlie Chaplin, Othello, Don

Juan, Robinson Crusoe".

 Familiar to all representatives of the

national-linguistic-cultural society.

 Relevant in the cognitive (knowing and

feeling) plan (behind the precedent

phenomena there is always a mandatory and

common vision for representatives of this or

that national-cultural mentality).

 In the speeches of representatives of this or

that national-linguacultural society, appeals

to precedent phenomena are repeated and

repeated.

 Recurrent phenomena do not always have to

be in the form of speech expression.

4 CONCLUSIONS

The term "precedent" can be used as a countable noun

to an action or event in the past that is used as an

example or reason for a present action or event. Here

are some examples of how it can be used:

1. Countable noun (C):

 There are good precedents for this kind of

cooperation between organizations.

 Arab states condemned the plan, regarding it

as setting a dangerous precedent.

2. Uncountable noun (U):

 The decision to allow the use of drones in

civilian areas could set a dangerous

precedent.

 The judge considered the precedent set by

previous cases before making her ruling.

In these examples, "precedent" is used to refer to a

previous action or event that serves as a guide or basis

for current decisions or actions.

In the legal context, a "precedent" can have two main

meanings:

1. As a countable noun (precedent), it refers to a

decision made by a court that serves as an example or

authority for future similar cases. When a court

establishes a precedent, it means that the decision

made in that particular case becomes a reference point

for how similar cases should be decided in the future.

For example, "It would not be right for this case to be

treated as a precedent" means that the decision in this

case should not be used as a basis for future decisions.

2. As an uncountable noun (precedent), it refers to the

practice of using previous legal decisions as a guide

or authority for making current legal decisions. This

practice is known as "judicial precedent" and involves

courts looking at past rulings to help determine how

similar cases should be decided. For example, "The

English legal system is a composite of legislation and

judicial precedent" means that in England, legal

decisions are based not only on laws passed by the

legislature but also on past court decisions that set

precedents.

Signiﬁcance of Precedent Units in Uzbeki and English Languages

565

In the context of onomastics (the study of names), a

"precedent noun" refers to a specific type of name that

is included in the onomastic scope of a particular

language. These names are considered to be the main

units that express the culture of a nation. The

onomastic scope of a nation is seen as a

comprehensive phenomenon that encompasses its

history, culture, aesthetic views, and spirit.

Precedent nouns can include names associated with

famous texts or situations, as well as symbolic names

that reference an exemplary set of certain qualities.

According to V.A. Maslova, personal names linked to

well-known texts or events can be classified as

precedent names. For example, names like Oblomov

and Taras Bulba are considered precedent names

because they are associated with famous literary

works or characters (such as the novel "Oblomov" by

Ivan Goncharov and the novella "Taras Bulba" by

Nikolai Gogol). These names carry cultural and

historical significance and can evoke specific

qualities or characteristics.

In the study of language personality, precedent

phenomena play a significant role. Precedent names

and precedent statements are considered verbal

phenomena, while precedent texts and precedent

situations are categorized as verbalized phenomena.

When referring to these phenomena, individuals often

use precedent names and precedent thoughts,

reasoning, and expressions as signs that carry cultural

and historical significance.

The use of precedent phenomena in language

personality discourse allows individuals to draw upon

shared cultural references and historical contexts to

convey specific meanings or evoke certain emotions.

By referencing precedent names, statements, texts,

and situations, speakers can establish connections

with their audience, emphasize particular ideas, or

evoke particular associations. This use of precedent

phenomena adds depth and richness to

communication by tapping into collective knowledge

and cultural memory.

REFERENCES

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English-Uzbek dictionary. - T., 2011. - 466 p.

Gudkov D.B. Precedent Name and Precedent Issues. - M.:

MSU, 2019. - 152 p. — URL: https://urss.ru/cgi-

bin/db.pl?lan g=Ru&blang =ru&page

=Book&id=258079

Gudkov D.B. Theory and practice of intercultural

communication. - M.: Gnosis, 2013. - 288 p. — URL:

https://www.twirpx.com/file/563811/

Zemskaya E.A. New colloquial clichés and quotations in

the language of the post-Soviet society. // Linguistic

issues. - 2016. - No. 3. - P. 23–31. — URL:

http://issuesinlinguistics.ru/pubfiles/2016-

3_zemskaja_23-31.pdf

Karaulov Yu.N. Russian language and linguistic

personality. - M., 2017. - 216 p. — URL:

https://www.twirpx.com/file/2015673/

Krasnykh V.V. System of precedent events in the context

of modern studies / Language, consciousness,

communication. Vol. 2. – M.: Philology, 2017.

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