Implementation of Policies Related to Communication in Efforts to

Prevent HIV/AIDS

Andi Asrina

1* a

, Muhammad Ikhtiar

, Fairus Prihatin Idris

, Andi Surahman Batara

and Mutiara Indriana

Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia

Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia

Health Policy Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia

Keywords: Prevention, HIV/AIDS, Communication.

Abstract: HIV prevention efforts are carried out massively by the government to achieve Zero new cases of HIV by

2030. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of policies related to communication in

efforts to prevent HIV/AIDS in the Wakatobi Regency. This research method is Quasi Qualitative method

with in-depth interview, observation and documentation techniques. The research informant consists of 1 key

informant, 3 purposively selected ordinary informants and 1 supporting informant. Data validity using source,

technique and time triangulation. The result showed that communication related to transmission, and

socialization of the Wakatobi Health Office is carried out through socialization and training seminars held by

program holders as program implementers or HIV/AIDS counselors at the Community Health Center. These

activities are routinely carried out not only for program holders but VCT officers and others. As a continuation

of the communication flow from the Health Office to the health provider, the information found is then

forwarded to the community as the main object of HIV/AIDS prevention efforts. In conclusion, the person in

charge of the infectious disease management program of the Wakatobi district health office has implemented

a clear, regular and periodic communication flow in efforts to prevent HIV/AIDS. HIV is a common problem

so it is hoped that local governments can develop sustainable cooperation in preventing HIV transmission.

1 INTRODUCTION

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that

attacks the body’s immune system. This infection

causes a decrease in the patient's immune system so

that it is easy to contract various other diseases called

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)

(Ministry of Health, 2020). The National Action Plan

for the Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS and

Sexually Transmitted Diseases for 2020-2024 in

Indonesia is part of efforts to accelerate towards the

end of the AIDS epidemic by 2030 through the fast

track 95-95-95 for the target of ending AIDS 95% of

people with HIV know their status, 95% of people

with HIV get ARV treatment and 95% of ODHIV on

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ARV are suppressed (Kemenkes, 2020; Salawati,

2021).

The development report of HIV AIDS and

sequential infectious diseases (PIMS) Quarter 1 of

2021 that the cumulative number of PLHIV found

(HIV cases) reported until March 2021 amounted to

427,201 people and the cumulative number of AIDS

cases reported until March 2021 was 131,417 people

(Kemenkes, 2021) . The number of PLHIV found in

the January-March 2022 period, mostly in the age

group of 25-49 years (71.3%), age 20-24 years

(16.3%), and age group 50 years and over (7.9%) The

presentation of PLHIV found to be 69% male, female

as much as 31% (Ministry of Health, 2021). The

executive report on the development of HIV AIDS

144

Asrina, A., Ikhtiar, M., Idris, F. P., Batara, A. S. and Indriana, M.

Implementation of Policies Related to Communication in Efforts to Prevent HIV/AIDS.

DOI: 10.5220/0012902000004564

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Social Determinants of Health (ICSDH 2023), pages 144-148

ISBN: 978-989-758-727-6; ISSN: 2975-8297

HIV AIDS and PIMS in the second quarter of 2022

states that 22,3331 people have reported ODHIV

cases from 2,018,641 people tested for HIV and

18,749 people received ARV treatment. The number

of ODHIV found in the period January – June 2022,

mostly found in the age group of 25 - 49 years

(68.1%) followed by the age group of 20-24 years

(17.5%), and the age group of ≥ 50 years (9.0%).

Based on gender, the percentage of HIV cases found

in men is 70% and women is 30% with a ratio of men

to women is 2:1(Kemenkes,2022).

Still based on the HIV AIDS and Sexually

Transmitted Diseases Development Report Quarter II

of 2022 for Southeast Sulawesi, as many as 12,038

people tested for HIV were found as many as 188 new

cases with 144 PLHIV starting antiretroviral (ART)

(Kemenkes RI, 2022) Many factors that cause the

cases found do not describe the actual data in the

community so that the community is not open to carry

out prevention efforts, including lack of public

understanding about HIV / AIDS. Herein lies the

importance of communication between the person in

charge of the program to the target group. The

delivery of information about HIV/AIDS programs to

implementers and target groups should be conveyed

clearly and consistently.

The importance of communication in HIV/AIDS

prevention policies in an effort to reduce new cases of

HIV is a shared responsibility. Based on the second

quarter report for the January-June 2022 period,

Southeast Sulawesi is one of the provinces that

reported the findings of 188 HIV cases. One of the

districts in Southeast Sulawesi is Wakatobi, based on

data obtained from the Health Office through the

field of disease control and control programs and

Wakatobi Regency AIDS control commissions in

2022 there are 16 new cases found. Prevention efforts

have been carried out by implementing various

programs including the implementation of

communication between program implementations

and to targeted communities. Although

communication has been carried out, there are still

many people who do not understand the pattern of

incidence and treatment of HIV. The purpose of this

study is to analyze the implementation of policies

based on communication in efforts to prevent

HIV/AIDS.

The importance of communication in HIV/AIDS

prevention policies in an effort to reduce new cases of

HIV is a shared responsibility. Based on the second

quarter report for the January-June 2022 period,

North Sulawesi is one of the provinces that reported

the findings of 188 HIV cases. One of the districts in

North Sulawesi is Wakatobi, based on data obtained

from the Health Office through the field of disease

control and control programs and Wakatobi Regency

AIDS control commissions in 2022 there are 16 new

cases found. Prevention efforts have been carried out

by implementing various programs including the

implementation of communication between program

implementations and to targeted communities.

Although communication has been carried out, there

are still many people who do not understand the

pattern of incidence and treatment of HIV. The

purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation

of policies based on communication in efforts to

prevent HIV/AIDS.

2 METHODS

The type of research used is qualitative research. Data

collection techniques by making observations, in-

depth interviews and documentation data needed. 5

informants were using purposive sampling, including

1 key informant was the head of the health office, 3

ordinary informants were in the field of control and

eradication programs for health service providers and

1 supporting informant was the AIDS Mitigation

Commission (program manager). The research

location is in Wakatobi Regency in April-June 2023.

Data analysis techniques are data reduction and data

presentation in the form of narrative text then

conclusion and verification. Data validation

techniques in this study use source triangulation,

triangulation techniques and time triangulation.

The study was conducted according to a

protocol approved by the Health Research Ethics

Committee, Faculty of Public Health, University of

Pejuang Republic Indonesia (No: 462-KEPK-FKM-

UPRI).

3 RESULT

3.1 Characteristics of Informants

Research informants as many as 5 people with

deepening information on 3 program persons in

charge of the field of prevention and control of

infectious diseases Wakatobi Health office. This

information was confirmed using source triangulation

by confirming the answers of the main informant, key

informant, supporting informant and time

triangulation, namely confirming the informant's

answer to the same question at a different time. For

details, you can see the following table:

Implementation of Policies Related to Communication in Efforts to Prevent HIV/AIDS

145

Table 1: Characteristics of Informers.

No Informant Inisial Age (Year) Gender education Position Information

NI 37

D3 Head of P2P Ordinary Informants

VRR 31

D3 Health workers Ordinary Informants

MYA 39

S1 Health workers Ordinary Informants

ZN 36

High school AIDS Commission Supporting Informants

M 51

S2 Head of Health Office Key Informants

Based on table 1, it can be described that the age

of informants is at a productive age which allows

programs to be implemented in accordance with

programs implemented related to HIV/AIDS. Related

to Education, all ordinary informants have a health

education background who understand the pattern of

prevention and handling of HIV / AIDS disease and

in accordance with the placement for the prevention

of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV /

AIDS (Kusmayandi &Hertati, 2022; Suharto,dkk,

2020).

3.2 Information related to

communication implementation

Communication is important to achieve effective

program goals. This communication can be between

implementers, organizations or to program targets

such as groups at risk of HIV / AIDS infection.

Communication is important to be carried out to

related parties so that the objectives can be conveyed,

especially in combating HIV/AIDS

The statement from NI (Head of P2P Sector)

as an ordinary informant stated that after the training

a meeting was held with HIV programmers, cadres,

community leaders, namely:

“... Yes, so after our staff attended the training, we

held a meeting, for that meeting we held 2 meetings a

year, later it was explained directly by the staff who

represented earlier, so a meeting will be held, for

example in the health office hall, discussed about the

program implemented for new cases of HIV / AIDS

and what problems about HIV / AIDS in Wakatobi

Regency” (NI 37 years old, 23 May 2023).

Then the statement from VRR as an ordinary

informant states that doing communication actions

persuasively, namely:

“... For clarity of communication, it feels clear,

because we provide direct counseling to the

community and sometimes we also come directly to

her house, for example there are pregnant women so

these pregnant women are our target too. So if

pregnant women do not come to counseling then we

go directly to he

r house to be checked” (VRR 36 years, 2

May 3, 2023).

The statement from MYA as an ordinary

informant stated that this HIV/AIDS prevention

counseling activity was based on the superior's order,

namely:

“...we from theAIDS prevention mission we hold

training for HIV officers to hold socialization, but

sometimes also if there is an Integrated Service they

sometimes directly hold socialization there too, so,

for example there is an Integrated Service all health

workers are there so people don't know which one to

hear, but there are also officers who often socialize

Such a sasi, especially in nightspots, and it is

routinely carried out and directly with its

inspection..." (ZN 31 years, 27 May , 2023).

Then an interview by Zn as a supporting

informant stated that conducting training for

HIV/AIDS section officers, here are excerpts of the

interview:

“... we from theAIDS prevention mission we hold

training for HIV officers to hold socialization, but

sometimes also if there is a posyandu they sometimes

directly hold socialization there too, so for example

there is a posyandu all health workers are there so

people don't know which one to hear, but there are

also officers who often socializeSuch a sasi especially

in nightspots, and it is routinely carried out and

directly with its inspection" (ZN 31 years, 27 May ,

2023).

Then confirmed by M (Head of the Health

Office) as a key informant related to communication,

here are excerpts of the interview:

“... Yes, of course, for that communication, we

work with the Community Health Center in handling

HIV cases to take steps, both prevention and control,

so we provide education to the community, especially

those who have the potential or risk of HIV/AIDS. In

addition to the Community Health Center we also

work together with the AIDS Commission to provide

education to the community, and when there are

cases in the fieldof prevention and disease control,

approach patients and families to take steps because

usually it is if the person is infected ee.. HIV socially,

ICSDH 2023 - The International Conference on Social Determinants of Health

146

there must be shame, taboo so we approach them, we

convey Steps to do treatment regularly, we provide

counseling so that the patient is not afraid so we

provide education" (M 51 years, June 26, 2023).

4 DISCUSSION

Policy communication means the process of

delivering policy information from policy makers to

policy implementors. Communication determines the

success of achieving the goals of public policy

implementation, effective implementation occurs

when decision makers already know what they will

do (Wisdayanti, D, 2021; Amu, et al., 2020) .

In measuring the success of communication

variables, three indicators are used, namely

transmission, clarity and consistency in the

implementation of prevention and control of

HIV/AIDS (Wisdayanti, D, 2021). The transmission

or distribution of communication that has been

carried out by the Wakatobi Health office is the

transmission of information through the person in

charge of the program in this case in the field of

prevention and control of infectious diseases at the

office level and the Public Health Center to be further

conveyed to the community. Communication

between implementing organizations, namely the

Health Office, Center for Public Health and AIDS

Commission, has run clearly and consistently.

However, there are still people who do not understand

the patterns of HIV transmission, especially those in

islands, such as the area in Wakatobi Regency which

is an archipelago, so communication and information

and education related to HIV are needed. Policy

implementers have provided information with each

other, so that the information conveyed can be

implemented. In various policy implementation

programs, such as the reality of policy programs, it is

necessary to establish good relations between

relevant agencies, especially support in

communication and coordination. Therefore,

coordination and cooperation between agencies are

needed for policy success (Gaspersz, A, et al, 2021).

Communication plays a role in delivering

information about HIV/AIDS prevention and

handling programs implemented in order to synergize

in their implementation (Prasanti, et. Al, 2019). In

this case, HIV/AIDS prevention efforts are carried

out by several elements, namely the Wakatobi

Regency Health Office, AIDS Commission,

communities in the community and other elements.

Delivering policy messages carried out by the

Wakatobi District Health Office through socialization

and training held for HIV/AIDS programmers or

counselors within the scope of the health office, the

informant said that the socialization carried out by the

Wakatobi District Health Office twice a year or its

implementation every six months, to then be

conveyed to other health workers at meetings to

equalize understanding equally for all officers when

delivering communication to the community.

Socialization in communication is important based on

research conducted by (Adilina et al., 2021) on the

Implementation of HIV/AIDS Prevention Policies in

Semarang City said that health promotion in

providing education to patients or the community

who are in health services especially in terms of

transmission, prevention, and control of HIV / AIDS

One of the government's efforts to educate the public

about HIV / AIDS is by conducting socialization in

health services. Massive socialization in productive

age groups and risky popuization is very important

because these groups are vulnerable and most

infected with HIV (Asrina, et al, 2022)

These obstacles in communication include the

mutation of health workers, for example

programmers at the Center for Public Health so that

new programmers must attend training because

understanding of the material is still minimal and

there are people who refuse to be examined further in

the context of HIV/AIDS prevention efforts. This is

considered as an effect of public knowledge related to

HIV/AIDS which is still lacking. Therefore, more

clarity is needed regarding the delivery of policies for

HIV/AIDS prevention efforts and consistency of

stakeholders in disseminating these policies.

5 CONCLUSIONS

The conclusion based on the results of this study is

that the application of communication in efforts to

prevent HIV/AIDS has been carried out starting from

the Health Office, the person in charge of the

program, community health centers (puskesmas) and

to the target (community), especially in at-risk

populations.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thank you to the Directorate of Research,

Technology and Community Service, Directorate

General of Higher Education, Research, and

Implementation of Policies Related to Communication in Efforts to Prevent HIV/AIDS

147

Technology, Ministry of Education, Culture,

Research and Technology of the Republic of

Indonesia. Shouts to the Universitas Muslim

Indonesia which always provides support in applying

the Tri Dharma of Higher Education as well as to the

Wakatobi district government, health office as the

location of research and the community who were

respondents in this study

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