Global Intimate Partner Violence Research Development: A
Bibliometric Analysis
Ratu Matahari and Vionika Marthasari
Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Keywords: Intimate Partner Violence, Violence, Bibliometric, Global Research Development.
Abstract: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health concern. Based on the Scopus database, a bibliometric
analysis is conducted to evaluate the publications in the field of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) from 2013
to 2022. This study aimed to explain the pattern of the research on IPV. The VOS-viewer software application
was used to arrange the content analysis, common topics, and the map of co-occurrence terms. This study
covered 1,154 studies. The result indicates that the United States and the United Kingdom are the leaders in
this field of research, followed by South Africa, Spain, and Uganda. Similarly, the London School of Hygiene
and Tropical Medicine in the United Kingdom and the South African Medical Research Council have the
most publications based on the provenance of the authors. The Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Plos One,
and Journal of Violence against Women are the three most productive journals in this discipline. In recent
years, keyword analysis reveals that the majority of research has focused on the research disciplines of
"domestic violence", "gender", "gender-based violence", "dating violence", and "violence". Developing
collaborative networks between developed and developing countries should also be addressed.
1 INTRODUCTION
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a prevalent
manifestation of violence against women,
encompassing physical, sexual, emotional abuse, and
coercive conduct perpetrated by an intimate partner
(WHO/PAHO, 2012). IPV has emerged as a major
global health, socioeconomic, and human rights
concern (Aboagye et al., 2022). IPV is a public health
issue because of the trauma and disability it causes
(Lagdon et al., 2014). Each nation has an obligation
ensure women’s safety by rapidly enacting necessary
changes to its legal framework and recognizing laws
as critical legal determinants of women’s health (The
Lancet Regional Health – Southeast Asia, 2022).
According to the World Health Organization
(WHO), Approximately 33% of women who have
been involved in a romantic partnership have
experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) around
the world (WHO/PAHO, 2012). Other researches
have shown that the prevalence of IPV in women (15-
49 years old) ranging between 13 and 61%
(WHO/PAHO, 2012). According to national research
done in India, spousal violence acceptance is among
the highest in the world (52% women and 42% males)
(International Institute for Population Sciences,
2016). Domestic abuse requires a lot of resources
from everyone, thus it must be taken seriously. Ones
believe that women may escape assault at home.
However, wives, children, and other family members
often abuse women at home (Alfitri, 2020).
IPV is a problem that often goes unreported.
Many studies show that it is hard to get clear numbers
about how often IPV happens in the general
population. This means that the size of IPV is often
overlooked (Crockett et al., 2015) (Devries et al.,
2013). Some researches suggest that the culture of
silence surrounding domestic abuse makes it difficult
to collect data on this sensitive topic. Despite that,
IPV is typically underreported for a variety of
reasons, including fear, financial fragility, or related
stigma, and prevalence estimates do not always
reflect true prevalence (The Lancet Regional Health
– Southeast Asia, 2022).
Based on that situation, it's hard to find complete
information or statistics about the IPV situation. The
absence of corroborating evidence may be attributed
to the perception of domestic violence as a relatively
minor public health concern, coupled with a lack of
government initiatives to systematically gather
comprehensive data on its prevalence and impact.
People may also think that violence against women in
166
Matahari, R. and Marthasari, V.
Global Intimate Partner Violence Research Development: A Bibliometric Analysis.
DOI: 10.5220/0012902700004564
Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Social Determinants of Health (ICSDH 2023), pages 166-172
ISBN: 978-989-758-727-6; ISSN: 2975-8297
Proceedings Copyright © 2025 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda.

marriage is "natural" and just part of a woman's
destiny (Munir, 2005). As a result, the purpose of this
study is to map the trends of several studies that
address intimate partner violence. Bibliometric
analysis was employed to ascertain patterns in
research on intimate partner violence among women.
The analysis is a common method to evaluate the
scholarly standing of a certain discipline. Therefore,
this study describe on the trend of intimate partner
violence lies in its ability to offer a comprehensive
and visual understanding on the development of
uncover gaps in knowledge and inform the policy
intervention to address this critical societal issue.
2 METHOD
Bibliometric methodology has been extensively
employed in this research to examine many forms of
scientific publications, including research articles,
books, conference papers, and journals (Diem &
Wolter, 2013; Zou et al., 2018). The approach
described possesses robust functionalities that were
employed for many objectives, such as identifying
nascent trends in the performance of articles and
publications, analysing patterns of collaboration,
investigating research characteristics, and exploring
the intellectual framework of a certain topic within
the existing body of literature (Donthu et al., 2021).
Moreover, this tool efficiently retrieves scholarly
articles of significant influence, identifies research
areas of interest among colleagues, assesses past
research accomplishments alongside emerging
publication trends in the field of intimate partner
violence, encompassing institutions, countries,
individuals, funding sources, and disciplinary
perspectives (Bornmann et al., 2014). The present
study utilizes the core collection of Scopus databases
as the primary data source, specifically focusing on
publications published within the time frame of 2013
to 2023.
This study searched the document from the
Scopus database with keywords “gender” AND
“violence” AND “intimate” AND “abuse”. Inclusion
criteria for further analysis were based on: 1) articles
describing the intimate partner violence among
married couples; 2) original articles; and 3) all
publications in English. However, those related to
child abuse, adolescent violence, editorial papers, and
letters to editor are excluded.
The statistics were retrieved from the Scopus
database throughout April to June 2023. In addition,
the selection of this database was based on its greater
significance compared to PubMed or Web of Science,
as it possesses the most exhaustive catalogues. The
SciVal Scopus search engine offers a diverse array of
perspectives, enabling users to efficiently retrieve
relevant documents. The present analysis discovered
a total of 1,236 documents, predominantly
comprising articles.
Figure 1: The flowchart of selecting the articles.
2.1 Data Analysis
In order to analyse the formation of keywords
network and its clustering, the raw data contained in
CSV, RIS, and BibTex files was extracted and
subsequently evaluated using VOSviewer version
1.6.18 and bibliometrix (R) software. The study
examined and depicted the annual publication count,
citation analysis, co-authorship patterns, common
Number of studies identified
with the intimate partner
violence in Scopus database
(n=1,844)
Number of studies limited to
social sciences, medicine,
arts& humanities,
psychology
1,736 articles
Articles selected by the
keywords: female, partner
violence, intimate partner
violence, domestic violence,
gender, and article type
1,236 articles included in the
bibliometric analysis
Global Intimate Partner Violence Research Development: A Bibliometric Analysis
167

citation network, and trends in topics (van Eck &
Waltman, 2010). To examine the development of a
keyword network and its clustering, we retrieved the
primary data from CSV, RIS, and BibTex files and
then assessed it using VOSviewer version 1.6.18 and
bibliometrix (R) software. This study investigated
and illustrated various aspects including the annual
count of publications, analysis of citations, patterns of
co-authorship, the network of commonly cited works,
and trends in themes.
3 RESULTS
3.1 Trend of Publication
Figure 2: The global annual publication count pertaining to
intimate partner abuse.
Figure 2 presents the trend of publication numbers
from 2003 to 2023. It can be seen that most
publications were in 2021 and the lowest ones were
in 2003-2005. The article on intimate partner violence
was first indexed in 1985 under the title Gender and
victimization by intimates with the authors, namely
Auerbach Walker, Lenore E, Browne, and Angela
(Walker, 1985) (Zou et al., 2018). Articles about
intimate partner violence publication increased in
2021 with a total of 145 publications. Out of the total
corpus of 145 primary papers, a significant majority
were authored by individuals affiliated with esteemed
academic institutions such as the University of North
Carolina, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine, and Harvard Medical School. Hence,
scholarly publications pertaining to intimate partner
violence predominantly originate from scholars
affiliated with universities in the United States and
Europe. Dyar C. is one of the authors that actively
publishes on the topic of intimate partner violence
(Hall et al., 2021; Messinger, Dyar, et al., 2021;
Whitton et al., 2021), followed by Jewkes with three
documents (Jewkes, Milovanovic, et al., 2021;
Jewkes, Otwombe, et al., 2021; Ndungu et al., 2021).
The third rank is Messinger, A.M with three
documents in the latest decade such as: “Sexual and
Gender Minority Intimate Partner Violence and
Childhood Violence Exposure” (Messinger, Dyar, et
al., 2021), “Bidirectional IPV Among Adolescent
Sexual Minorities” (Messinger, Sessarego, et al.,
2021), and “Perceptions of Same-Gender and
Different-Gender Intimate Partner Cyber-
Monitoring” (Messinger, Birmingham, et al., 2021).
3.2 Distribution of Publication Based
on Journal
Figure 3: The distribution of publication based on the
journal.
Figure 3 illustrates the manuscript that had at least
one publication between 2001 and 2021, with the
publications being released within the time frame of
2013 to 2023.
3.3 Distribution of Publication Based on
Countries
Figure 4 presents the study of the ten countries that
have exhibited a substantial number of publications
pertaining to the subject matter of intimate
relationship abuse. In the latest decade, the United
States has exhibited the highest number of
publications, surpassing both the United Kingdom
and Canada. Specifically, the United States has
produced over 650 documents, while the United
Kingdom and Canada have contributed 130
documents and around 90 documents, respectively.
Intimate partner violence in the United States exhibits
the highest prevalence among high-income countries,
in contrast to low-middle-income countries. Various
elements exert the effect on the state of affairs, one of
which pertains to the reluctance to disclose instances
of intimate partner violence (IPV), leading to a sense
of shame. Additionally, individuals who are
particularly susceptible to IPV may experience
stigmatization.
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Figure 4: The publications distribution based on country
specific to intimate partner violence issues.
3.4 Publication Based on Author’s
Affiliation
Figure 5: Publication based on author’s affiliation.
Based on Figure 5, the text illustrates the associations,
most of which were acquired from the university. The
institution possesses ample financial resources and
well-equipped facilities to effectively facilitate the
execution of academic research and studies. In
addition, it is worth noting that certain nations, such
as Indonesia, enforce compulsory research and
publication requirements as a prerequisite for
attaining an advanced academic degree.
3.5 The Famous Keywords for
Publication
Figure 6: The famous keywords of the publication.
Based on Figure 6, the current keywords are intimate
partner violence (465 documents), domestic violence
(212 documents), sex (137 documents), gender-based
violence (86 documents), and dating violence (60
documents). There are also countries named as the
keywords of the study which are South Africa
(including Uganda) and India. As we can see in the
countries that are productive in writing the paper on
intimate partner violence. Another research also
shows that India and South African countries that
concerned about this issue. However, there are some
possibilities that there are studies conducted in
Indonesia even though not indexed in the Scopus
database.
3.6 Trend Topic for the Future Study
on Intimate Partner Violence
Figure 7: The topic trends of the intimate partner violence
publication.
Based on Figure 7, prospective information is
obtained on the research themes of intimate partner
violence, including “cyber dating abuse”, “intimate
partners’ violence” in terms of “adverse childhood
experiences” and “dating abuse perpetration”.
4 DISCUSSION
Intimate partner violence represents a prevalent form
of harm inflicted upon women by men. The range of
abusive behaviors encompasses physical, sexual, and
psychological maltreatment, with manipulative and
controlling conduct. Intimate partner abuse, also
known as IPV, has the potential to occur in various
settings and affect individuals from diverse
backgrounds, encompassing different socio-
economic statuses, religious affiliations, and cultural
orientations. Most of the load of IPV is carried by
women around the world. Even though women can be
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violent in relationships with men, usually for self-
defence, and violence can happen in relationships
between people of the same gender, men are usually
the ones who hurt women. Men, on the other hand,
are much more likely to be hurt by strangers or friends
than by someone they know well (WHO/PAHO,
2012).
Based on the literature, domestic violence is
defined as an unusual occurrence that occurs only in
small-scale cases. It is a systematic, ongoing, and
structural manifestation of social control. A lot of
factors may clarify the occurrence of domestic
violence (Wolfe et al., 2003). Instead, violence can
also happen due to cultural and social problems as
interconnected factors (Wolfe et al., 2003). Domestic
violence has wide range of causes deeply rooted in
gender disparities. In addition, discrimination and
hereditary inequities can be perpetuated by a
patriarchal culture (Alghamdi et al., 2022). Women
frequently have a role in the family by providing care
for family members at home, as well as caring for
those who are sick, which is occasionally an
enormous burden on women's shoulders
(Kamaruddin & Oseni, 2013).
The present investigation unequivocally
determined that there was a discernible upward
trajectory in publications throughout the course of the
previous decade. The topic of intimate partner
violence (IPV) is noteworthy due to its delicate and
taboo nature, although it has witnessed a rise in the
volume of scholarly investigations pertaining to this
subject matter. There is a growing trend in which
women are increasingly inclined to report instances
of violence they encounter, while the government is
providing support for victim protection and
implementing measures to prevent violence targeting
women(Zhao et al., 2022).
The United States and the United Kingdom are
recognized as the two nations that have the most
extensive body of literature pertaining to Intimate
Partner Violence (IPV). This phenomenon is of
particular importance because to the high frequency
of intimate partner violence (IPV) in these nations,
coupled with the significant level of public and
governmental apprehension surrounding IPV-related
issues. It is surprising that the incident rates of
intimate partner violence are rising fast in the
developed countries. It is important to note that those
countries are leading the world in research, including
medicine and social research.
From the perspective of the author's institutional
affiliation, it may suggest the existence of a
collaborative effort across multiple agencies to
engage in research pertaining to intimate partner
violence (IPV). The findings of this study indicate
that institutions located in the European region
exhibit a higher level of apprehension regarding this
delicate matter. The potential for institutional
collaboration in Asia is of great importance,
particularly in light of the significant prevalence of
violence against women in the region, which is
comparable to that observed in Africa(CDC, 2022).
Keywords play a crucial role in the process of
conducting research on trends. In addition to serving
as a prominent trend in keyword research, it also
facilitates the convenient identification of subject
matters pertaining to the respective fields of study for
researchers and readers alike. This discovery can be
utilized to construct a compelling topic that can be
published, encompassing “ intimate partner violence,
domestic violence, sex, gender based violence, and
dating violence”. Furthermore, the study also
identified potential areas for future research, namely
the emerging trend issues concluding intimate partner
violence, including “cyber dating abuse”, “intimate
partners’ violence” in terms of “adverse childhood
experiences” and “dating abuse perpetration”. The
selection of words with accuracy will influence the
accessibility of searches and the on-going discourse
on various topics. The selection of keywords, whether
they are single words or combinations of two terms,
plays a crucial role in defining the scope of the
literature search and research(Wu et al., 2020).
The present study is subject to certain constraints.
Specifically, the sole reliance on the Scopus database
may not provide a comprehensive representation, it
may lead to incomplete findings and the potential for
false-negative outcomes. Hence, it is recommended
that future studies should prioritize the integration of
several data sets. Attempts to enhance research
collaboration about intimate partner violence
between developed and developing nations should be
intensified, particularly related to facilitating research
in countries with limited resources. Nevertheless, this
particular study possesses several merits, specifically
in its utilization of bibliometric analysis to examine
peer-reviewed literature about intimate partner
violence(Nguyen et al., 2023). The findings of this
study may assist international health authorities and
grant agencies in identifying gaps in the prevalence
of intimate partner violence in both developed and
developing nations.
5 CONCLUSION
The United States, United Kingdom, and Canada are
widely recognized as the three nations that have made
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the most significant contributions to addressing the
global epidemic of intimate partner abuse. Utilizing
the Scopus database, bibliometric and visual
techniques were employed to examine the trajectory
and potential areas of investigation pertaining to
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). This topic
encompasses several pertinent terms, including
internet dating abuse, unfavourable childhood
experiences, and dating abuse prevention, which
warrant more exploration. The authors have the
opportunity to access several potential journals,
including the Journal of Interpersonal Violence, the
Journal of Violence against Women, and BMC Public
Health. Moreover, the results of this study provide a
foundation for the development of research on
intimate partner violence (IPV), particularly in Asian
countries such as Indonesia. This framework aims to
assist IPV victims in improving their quality of life.
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